Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CriterionNorm-Referenced
Referenced
Tests
Tests
Purpose
To determine wheth
To rank each student wit
er each student has a h respect to the
chieved specific skills achievement of others in b
or concepts.
road areas of knowledge.
To find out how muc
To discriminate between
h students know befo high and low achievers.
re instruction begins
and after it has finish
ed.
MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION:
CRITERION- VERSUS NORM-REFERENCED TESTING
Content
Measures specific s
kills which make up a
designated curriculu
m. These skills are id
entified by teachers a
nd curriculum experts
.
Each skill is express
ed as an instructional
objective.
Score
Interpretation
Eachindividualiscomp
aredwithapresetstandard
foracceptableachievement
.Theperformanceofother
examineesisirrelevant.
Eachindividualiscomparedwithothe
rexamineesandassignedascore
usuallyexpressedasapercentile,
agradeequivalentscore,orastanine.
Astudent'sscorei
Studentachievementisreportedfor
susuallyexpressedas
broadskillareas,althoughsomenorm
referencedtestsdoreportstudent
apercentage.
achievementforindividualskills.
Studentachievementisr
eportedforindividualskills
.
Table of Specifications
Exercise no. 1
Formula: Number of items = Number of class sessions X desired total
number of items
Total number of class session
One Way Table of Specification: ______________________________
Content
Number
of Class
Sessions
Number of
Items
Test Item
Distributi
on
Total
Two-Way Table of Specification
Content
Total
Class
Hour
s
Know
ledg
e
Compreh
ension
Applic
ation
Analysi
s
Synthe
sis
Evaluat
ion
Total
Item Analysis
Exercise No. 2
Item No.
1
2
3
4
15
25
35
45
% Correct
30%
50%
70%
90%
Difficulty Level
Decision
(Retain/Improve
or Discriminate)
Measures of Variability
The variance is
a measure of the spread of scores in a distribution around its mean
The larger the variance
the greater the spread of scores around the mean
The smaller the variance
the more closely the scores are distributed around the mean
Standard deviation
is a measure of dispersion of the scores around the mean
The higher the standard deviation
the greater the spread in the scores
The lower the standard deviation
the closer the scores are on average from the mean of the distribution
Exercise No. 5
Find the Mean, then SD, then find the variance.
60
70
40
Mean: __________
55
78
76
40
22
Mean: __________
66
44
55
66
55
67
68
70
Mean: __________
67
60
Mean: __________
78
55
90
20
44
78
60
80
80
90
67
89
Reference
1. __________________ refers to standardized tests that compare test takers in
relation to one another.
2. __________________ tests reports whether test takers performed better or
worse than the average student.
3. __________________ tests mainly use a multiple choice format with a few
open-ended, short-response questions.
4. __________________ may include multiple-choice questions, true or false
questions, and open-ended questions
5. __________________ may be considered "high-stakes" tests because they are
typically used to make important decisions for teachers and students
6. __________________ tests categorizes students into high or low achieving
7. __________________encourage teachers to view students in terms of a bell
curve
8. Which situation points to criterion referencing?
a. Teddys score is in the 98th percentile of the batch
b. Amy types 40 words per minute without making more than 3
errors/peage
c. Teacher cathey has group 25 students for the test program
d. Josef topped the class
Tests are designed by testing experts and test developers that typically base
the test around national standards.
Assessments are a mandatory tool for effectively evaluating a student's
performance and then using the evaluation in order to modify teaching
methods to capitalize on a student's academic success.