INTRACIONALES

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA
JOS ANTONIO ANZOTEGUI

EL TIGRE-EDO-ANZOTEGUI
CTEDRA: MATEMTICA II
ESPECIALIDADES: MECNICA - QUMICA
LIC. MSC. DMASO ROJAS
INTEGRALESDELASFUNCIONESRACIONALES.
f ( x)
; donde f ( x) y g ( x) son polinomios
Si
est definida de la forma: q( x) =
g ( x)
entoncessediceque
esunafuncinracional.
f ( x)
Tericamente cualquier expresin racional q( x) =
se puede expresar como una
g ( x) ,
suma de expresiones racionales cuyos denominadores son potencias de polinomios de
f ( x)
son
grado menor o igual que 2. Concretamente, puede demostrarse que si
g ( x) ,
polinomiosyelgradode f ( x ) esmenorqueelde g ( x ) ,entonces:
f ( x)
A
f ( x)
Ax + B
; o tambin :
=
=
m
2
g ( x) ( px + q)
g ( x) (ax + bx + c)n
AyBsonnmerosreales,mynsonenterosnonegativosy a 2 + bx + c esirreducible,
(polinomio cuadrtico que no tiene ceros reales; es decir, b 2 4 a c < 0 ). En este caso,
a 2 + bx + c nosepuedeexpresarcomounproductodedospolinomiosdeprimergrado.
Guaparaobtenerladescomposicinenfraccionesparcialesde
f ( x)
g ( x)
Puedenocurrirtrescasos:
1)grado f ( x) (numerador)> g ( x ) grado(denominador)

2)grado f ( x) =grado g ( x )
3)grado f ( x) < g ( x )
Para los casos 1 y 2, hay que dividir un polinomio entre el otro hasta llegar a la forma
apropiada,sehaceusodelasiguientepropiedad:
f ( x) g ( x)
r ( x)
f ( x)
r ( x)
= c( x) +
f ( x ) = g ( x )c ( x ) +
g ( x)
g ( x)
g ( x)
r ( x) c( x)
f ( x)
r ( x)
g ( x) dx = c( x)dx + g ( x) dx
419
damasorojas8@gmail.com,damasorojas8@galeon.com,joeldama@yahoo.com

Donde la integral
c( x)dx
es inmediata y en la integral
r ( x)
g ( x) dx , (ms sencilla de
resolver), r ( x ) esunpolinomiodemenorgradoque g ( x ) yporconsiguienteestamosen

eltercercaso
Para el caso 3, se factoriza g ( x ) , y luego se expresa como un producto de factores

lineales px + q o formas cuadrticas irreducibles ax 2 + bx + c , se agrupan los factores
repetidos para que g ( x ) quede expresado como un producto de factores distintos de la
forma ( px + q) m obien (ax 2 + bx + c) n ,conmynenterosnonegativos.
Una vez agrupados de la forma indicada anteriormente se utiliza las siguientes

condiciones:
(1) Por cada factor de la forma ( px + q) m con m 1, la descomposicin de fracciones
parcialescontieneunasumademfraccionesparcialesdelaforma:
Am
f ( x)
A1
A2
=
+
+ ... +
donde cada numerador Am es un nmero
2
( px + q) m ,
g ( x) ( px + q) ( px + q)
real.
Sedeterminanlasconstantesrespectivas:
1.a)Eldenominadortieneracesrealessimples:
f ( x)
f ( x)
A
B
A( x x2 ) + B ( x x1 )
=
=
+
=
g ( x) ( x x1 )( x x2 ) ( x x1 ) ( x x2 )
( x x1 )( x x2 )
Se iguala f ( x) = A( x x2 ) + B( x x1 ) y se calcula A y B comparando coeficientes o

dndolevaloresalax,y por ltimo se resuelven las integrales
f ( x)
A
B
dx =
dx +
dx + ...+ = ALn( x + x1 ) + BLn( x + x2 ) + .. + k
g ( x)
( x + x1 )
( x + x2 )
420

f ( x)
A1
A2
g ( x) dx = ( px + q) dx + ( px + q)
dx + ... +
Am
dx
( px + q)m
1.b)Eldenominadortieneracesrealesmltiples:
f ( x)
f ( x)
A
B
C
D
=
=
+
+
+
3
2
( x x1 ) ( x x2 ) ( x x2 ) ( x x2 )3
g ( x) ( x x1 )( x x2 )
f ( x) A( x x2 ) + B( x x1 )( x x2 ) + C ( x x1 )( x x2 ) + D( x x1 )
=
g ( x)
( x x1 )( x x2 )3
3
Igualandoelprincipioconelfinal:
f ( x ) = A( x x2 )3 + B ( x x1 )( x x2 ) 2 + C ( x x1 )( x x2 ) + D ( x x1 )
CalculamosloscoeficientesA,B,CyD.
Resolvemoslasiguienteintegral:
f ( x)
A
B
C
D
g ( x) dx = ( x x1 )dx + ( x x2 ) dx + ( x x2 )2 dx + ( x x2 )3 dx
f ( x)
( x x2 ) 2+1
( x x2 ) 3+1
dx = ALn( x x1 ) + BLn( x x2 ) + C
+D
+k
g ( x)
2 + 1
3 + 1
f ( x)
g ( x) dx = ALn( x x ) + BLn( x x ) + C ( x x ) + D 2( x x )
1
+k
0, la
(2) Por cada factor (ax 2 + bx + c) n , n 1 , donde (ax 2 + bx + c) , es irreducible,
descomposicinenfraccionesparcialescontieneunasumadenfraccionesparcialesdela
forma:
Axn + bn
f ( x)
Ax1 + b1
Ax2 + b2
, donde todos los Axn , Bn son
=
+
+ ... +
2
2
2
( ax 2 + bx + c) n
g ( x) (ax + bx + c) (ax + bx + c)
nmerosreales.
421

2.1)Queeldenominadortengaracesrealescomplejassencillas:
Sialintentarresolverunaecuacinde2gradonossaleunaraznegativasedicequeno
tienesolucinreal,peroscompleja.
f ( x)
f ( x)
Ax + B
Cx + D
=
=
+
2
2
2
2
g ( x) (ax + bx + c)(ax1 + bx1 + c1 ) (ax + bx + c) ( ax1 + bx1 + c1 )
f ( x) ( Ax + B)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)

=
(ax 2 + bx + c)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 )
g ( x)
f ( x) = ( Ax + B)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)
Sedeterminanlasconstantesporunsistemadeecuacionesyluegosesustituye
f ( x)
Ax + b
Cx + D
g ( x) dx = (ax 2 + bx + c) dx + (ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) dx + ...
Eldenominadorcomplejoesnecesariocompletarelcuadradocomosigue:
bx
b
b2
ax 2 + bx + c = a( x 2 + ) + c = a( x + ) 2 + c
2a
4a
a
Debemoscolocarlodelaforma(xa)2+b2yresolverlaintegraldelasiguienteforma:
f ( x)
Ax + B
Cx + D
g ( x) dx = (x a)2 + b2 + (x1 a1 )2 + b12 apartirdeaqunossaldrcomosolucinun
Logaritmo(Ln)yunaarcotangente.
2.2)Queeldenominadortengaracesrealescomplejasmltiples:
Sedeterminanlasconstantesrespectivasyporltimoseresuelvenlasintegrales
f ( x)
f ( x)
Ax + B
Cx + D
=
=
+
2
2
2
2
g ( x) (ax + bx + c)
(ax + bx + c) (ax + bx + c) 2
f ( x) ( Ax + B )(ax 2 + bx + c) 2 + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)

=
g ( x)
(ax 2 + bx + c)(ax 2 + bx + c) 2
f ( x) = ( Ax + B )(ax 2 + bx + c) 2 + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)
422

Seprocedeadeterminarlasconstantescomoseindicanteriormente
f ( x)
Ax + b
Cx + D
g ( x) dx = (ax 2 + bx + c) dx + (ax 2 + bx + c)2 dx + ...
Unavezsustituidaslasvariablessecompletacuadradosyseresuelvenlasintegrales.
x2 + 7 x + 9
1) 3
dx
x + 2x2 x 2
x2 + 7 x + 9
x2 + 7 x + 9
A
B
C
=
dx
x3 + 2 x 2 x 2 ( x + 1)( x 1)( x + 2) = x + 1 dx + x 1 dx + x + 2 dx
x2 + 7 x + 9
A( x 1)( x + 2) + B( x + 1)( x + 2) + C ( x + 1)( x 1)
=
( x + 1)( x 1)( x + 2)
( x + 1)( x 1)( x + 2)
x 2 + 7 x + 9 = ( A + B + C ) x 2 + ( A + 3B ) x + ( A + 2 B C )
A + B + C = -1
A + 3B = 7
A + 2 B -C = 9
A =1
B=2
C = 4
x2 + 7 x + 9
2dx
dx
dx
x3 + 2 x 2 x 2 dx = x + 1 + 2 x 1 4 x + 2 = Ln( x + 1) + 2Ln( x 1) 4Ln( x + 2) + k
3 x + 12
2)
( x 2)( x + 1) 2
3 x + 12
A
B
C
( x 2)( x + 1)2 dx = x 2 dx + x + 1 dx ( x + 1)2 dx
A( x + 1) 2 + B ( x 2 )( x + 1) + C ( x 2 )
3 x + 12
A
B
C
=
+
+
=
( x 2)( x + 1) 2 x 2 x + 1 ( x + 1)2
( x 2)( x + 1) 2
3 x + 12
( A + B) x 2 + (2 A B + C ) x + ( A 2 B 2C )
=
( x 2)( x + 1) 2
( x 2)( x + 1) 2
3 x + 12 = ( A + B) x 2 + (2 A B + C ) x + ( A 2 B 2C )
423

A + B = 0
2 A B + C = 3 A = 2 , B = 2 y C = 3
A 2B 2C = 12
3x + 12
2dx
3
2dx
3dx
2
(
2)
2
(
1)
Ln
x
Ln
x
=
+
+
=
+
+
+k
2
2
( x 2)( x + 1) x 2 x +1 ( x +1)
( x + 1)
3)
x+3
x + 2x + 4
2
factor cuadrtico irreducible x 2 + 2 x + 4 = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) 1 + 4 = ( x + 1) + 3

2
x
x
x+3
Ax + B
x+3
Ax + B
=
2
=
x + 3 = Ax + B A = 1; B = 3
2
2
+ 2x + 4
( x + 1) + 3 x + 2 x + 4 ( x + 1) + 3
x+3
x+3
=
dx De la forma : x 2 + a 2 Cambio : x = atg
2
+ 2x + 4
( x + 1) + 3
x + 1 = 3tg x = 3tg 1; ( x + 1)2 = 3tg 2 ; dx = 3Sec 2 d

x+3
( x + 1)
I=
+3
dx =
( 3tg 1 + 3) 3Sec 2 d
3 ( 3tg + 2) Sec 2 d
=
3tg 2 + 3
3
tg 2 + 1
3 ( 3tg + 2) Sec 2 d
3
2 3
=
(
3
tg
+
2)
d
=
tg
+
d
2
3
Sec
3
3
I = Ln Sec +
2 3
+k
3
x +1
x +1
; Sec =
Del cambio : x + 1 = 3tg tg =
= arctg
3
3
( x + 1)
+3
x+3
x2 + 2 x + 4 = Ln
( x + 1)
x+3
x2 + 2 x + 4 = Ln
( x + 1)
+3
+3
x +1
2 3
arctg
+k
3
3
x +1
2 3
arctg
+k
3
3
424

1
dx
x + 4 x + 13
4)
factor cuadrtico irreducible x 2 + 4 x + 13 = ( x + 2 ) 4 + 13 = ( x + 2 ) + 9

2
dx
=
+ 4 x + 13
( Ax + B )dx
( x + 2)
+9
1
=
x + 4 x + 13
2
Ax + B
( x + 2)
+9
1 = Ax + B A = 0; B = 1
dx
dx
=
De la forma : x 2 + a 2 Cambio : x = atg
2
+ 4 x + 13
( x + 2) + 9
x + 2 = 3tg x = 3tg 2; ( x + 2) 2 = 9tg 2 ; dx = 3Sec 2 d

dx
( x + 2)
x
+9
3Sec 2 d
= d = + k
9tg 2 + 9
dx
1
x+ 2
= arctg
+k
+ 4 x + 13
3
3
5)
1
dx
2 x 4 x + 10
2
factor cuadrtico irreducible 2 x 2 4 x + 10 = 2( x 2 2 x + 5) = 2(( x 1) + 4)

2
2x
2x
1 ( Ax + B ) dx
1
dx
Ax + B
=
=
1 = Ax + B B = 1
2
2
4 x + 10
2 ( x 1) + 4
2 x 4 x + 10 ( x 1)2 + 4
1
dx
dx
=
De la forma : x 2 + a 2 Cambio : x = atg
4 x + 10 2 ( x 1)2 + 4
x 1 = 2tg x = 2tg + 1; ( x 1) 2 = 4tg 2 ; dx = 2 Sec 2 d

1
dx
1 2 Sec 2 d
1 Sec 2 d
1
1
=
=
= d = + k
2
2
2
2 ( x 1) + 4 2 4tg + 4
4 tg + 1
4
4
2x
dx
4 x + 10
1
x 1
+k
arctg
4
2
425

3x + 2
dx
x 4x + 8
6)
factor cuadrtico irreducible x2 4x + 8 = ( x 2) + 4

2
(3x + 2)dx
( Ax + B)dx
3x + 2
Ax + B
=
2
=
3x + 2 = Ax + B A = 3; B = 2
2
2
2
4x + 8
( x 2) + 4 x 4 x + 8 ( x 2) + 4
(3x + 2)dx
(3x + 2)dx
=
De la forma : x2 + a2 Cambio : x = atg
2
2
4x + 8
( x 2) + 4
x 2 = 2tg x = 2tg + 2; ( x 2)2 = 4tg 2 ; dx = 2Sec2 d

3x + 2
(3(2tg + 2) + 2)2Sec2 d 2 (3(2tg + 2) + 2)Sec2 d
=
dx
=
x2 4 x + 8
4tg 2 + 4
4
tg 2 + 1
3x + 2
1
1
1
dx = (3(2tg + 2) + 2)d = (6tg + 6 + 2)d = (6tg + 8)d
4x + 8
2
2
2
3x + 2
x 4x + 8 dx = 3 tg d + 4 d = 3Ln Sec + + k
2
x2
Del cambio : x 2 = 2tg tg =
Sec =
2
3x + 2
x2 4x + 8 dx = 3 Ln
( x 2)
+4
+ arctg
( x 2)
2
+4
; = arctg
x2
2
x2
+k
2
2x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12
7)
dx
x2 4
2 x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12
2 x3
+ 8x
x2 4
2x + 3
3 x 2 + 2 x 12
3x
+ 12
+ 2x
2 x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12
dx =
x2 4
2 x 3 + 3 x 2 6 x 12
3x
= 2x + 3+ 2
2
x 4
x 4
( 2 x + 3 ) dx + x
2x
dx = x 2 + 3 x + L n x 2 4 + k
4
426

2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13
8)
dx
x2 4x + 4
2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13
x2 4x + 4
2 x3 + 8x2 8x
2x + 3
3 x 2 12 x + 13
3 x 2 + 12 x 12
1
2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13
1
= 2x + 3+ 2
2
x 4x + 4
x 4x + 4
2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13
dx =
x2 4x + 4
1
2 x 3 5 x 2 4 x + 13
1
+k
dx = x 2 + 3 x +
dx = x 2 + 3 x
2
2
x2
x 4x + 4
(x 2)
( 2 x + 3 ) dx +
1
dx
x 4x + 4
2
x2 + 3x 4
9) 2
dx
x 2x 8
x2 + 3x 4
x2 + 3x 4
x2 2 x 8
1
x2 + 3x 4
5x + 4
=1+ 2
2
x 2x 8
x 2x 8
5x + 4
x2 + 3x 4
5x + 4
x2 2x 8 dx = dx + x2 2x 8 dx
2 4 + 32 2 6 x1 = 4
5x + 4
=
=
dx x2 2x 8 = 0 x =
2
2
2x 8
x2 = 2
427
5x + 4
dx =
2x 8

5x + 4
( x 4 )( x + 2 ) dx = x 4 dx
x + 2 dx
A (x + 2)+ B (x 4)
5x + 4
=
5x + 4 = A (x + 2)+ B (x 4)
x2 2x 8
( x 4 )( x + 2 )
x = 4 24 = 6 A A = 4
x = 2 6 = 6B B =1
5x + 4
dx =
2x 8
x 4 dx
x + 2 dx
= 4 Ln x 4 + Ln x + 2
x2 + 3x 4
dx = x + 4 Ln x 4 + Ln x + 2 + k
x2 2x 8
x x x 1
dx
10)
x3 x2
4
x4 x3 x 1
x4 + x3
x3 x2
x
x4 x3 x 1
x 1
=x+ 3 2
3
2
x x
x x
x 1
x4 x3 x 1
x 1
dx = x dx + 3 2 dx
3
2
x x
x x
A
B
C
x 1
x 1
x 1
dx x3 x2 = x2 ( x 1) 3 2 dx = 2
dx = dx + 2 dx +
dx
3
2
x
x x
x ( x 1)
x
x
x 1
Ax ( x 1) + B ( x 1) + C x2
x 1
A B
C
= + 2 +
=
x 1 = Ax ( x 1) + B ( x 1) + C x2
2
2
x ( x 1) x x
x 1
x ( x 1)
x = 0 1 = B B =1
x = 1 2 = C C = 2
x = 2 3 = 2 A + B + 4C 3 = 2 A + 1 8 2 A = 4 A = 2
428

2
x 1
dx = dx +
3
2
x
x
dx +
x 1 dx = 2 Ln x x 2 Ln x 1 + k
x 4 x3 x 1
x2
1
dx
=
+ 2 Ln x 2 Ln x 1 + k
x3 x 2
2
x
11)
8x2 +6x + 6
dx
x3 3x2 +7x5
1 3 7 5
2 420 2 16
3
2
2
2
1
1 2 5 x 3x +7x5=( x 1) ( x 2x+5) x 2x+5 = 0 x =
=
\
2
2
1 2 5 0
8x2 +6x + 6
8x2 +6x + 6
A
Bx + C
dx
=
x3 3x2 +7x5 ( x1) ( x2 2x+5 ) dx = x1dx + x2 2x+5 dx
A( x2 2x+5 ) +( Bx + C)( x1)
8x2 +6x + 6
8x2 +6x + 6 = A( x2 2x+5 ) +( Bx + C)( x1)
=
2
2
( x1) ( x 2x+5 )
( x1) ( x 2x+5 )
x = 1 20 = 4A A=5
x = 0 6 = 5A C C=5A 6 = 25 6C= 19
x = 2 50 = 5A + 2B +C 50 = 25 +2B + 19 2B = 50 25 19 = 6B = 3
8x2 +6x + 6
5
3x + 19
x3 3x2 +7x5 dx = x1 dx + x2 2x+5 dx = 5 Ln x1 + I1
ParaI1 :
3x + 19
2
2
dx x2 2x+5 = ( x1) 1 + 5 = ( x1) + 4
x 2x+5
2
(3x +19)dx
(3x +19)dx
x 2x+5 = ( x1) +4 De la forma: x +a Cambio: x = atg

2
x 1= 2tg x = 2tg +1; (x 1)2 = 4tg2; dx = 2Sec2d

(3x +19)dx
( x1) +4
2
(3(2tg +1) +19)2Sec2d 2 (3(2tg +1) +19)Sec2d

=
4tg2 +4
4
tg2 +1
429
(3 x + 19)dx
( x 1)
+4
(3x + 19)dx
( x 1)
+4

1
1
1
(3(2tg + 1) + 19)d = (6tg + 3 + 19)d = (6tg + 22)d
2
2
2
= 3 tg d +
22
d = 3Ln Sec + 11 + k
2
x 1
Sec =
Del cambio : x 1 = 2tg tg =
2
3 x + 19
x 2 2 x + 5 dx = 3 Ln
( x 1)
+4
+ 11arctg
( x 1)
+4
; = arctg
x 1
2
x 1
+k
2
12)
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1
dx
x3 + 3x 2 4
x3 + 3x 2 4 = ( x 1) ( x + 2) 2
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1
A
B
C
dx
=
x3 + 3x 2 4
( x 1) ( x + 2)2 dx = ( x 1) dx + ( x + 2)2 + ( x + 2) dx
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1
A ( x + 2)2 + B ( x 1) + C ( x 1) ( x + 2)
=
( x 1) ( x + 2)2
( x 1) ( x + 2) 2
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 = A ( x + 2)2 + B ( x 1) + C ( x 1) ( x + 2)
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1 = ( A + B) x 2 + (4 A + B + C ) x + 4 A 2 B 2 B C
A + B = 5
A = 2; B = 3; C = 1
4 A + B + C = 12
4 A 2 B C = 1
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1
2
3
dx
x3 + 3x 2 4 dx = x 1 dx + ( x + 2)2 dx + ( x + 2)
5 x 2 + 12 x + 1
3
x3 + 3x 2 4 dx = 2 Ln x 1 x + 2 + Ln x + 2 + k
430

5x2 + 20 x + 6
dx
13) 3
x + 2 x2 + x
x3 + 2 x2 + x = x ( x + 1) ( x + 1)
A
B
C
5x2 + 20 x + 6
5x2 + 20 x + 6
=
dx
x3 + 2 x2 + x
x ( x + 1) ( x + 1) dx = x dx + ( x + 1)2 dx + ( x +1) dx
A
B
C
5x2 + 20 x + 6 A ( x + 1) + B x + C x ( x + 1)
= +
+
=
2
2
x ( x + 1)2 ( x +1)
x ( x + 1)
x ( x + 1)
2
5x2 + 20 x + 6
x ( x + 1)
5x2 + 20 x + 6 = A ( x + 1) + B x + Cx ( x + 1)
2
5x2 + 20 x + 6 = A x2 + 2x + 1 + Bx + Cx2 + Cx
5x2 + 20 x + 6 = Ax2 + 2 Ax + A + Bx + Cx2 + Cx
5x2 + 20 x + 6 = x2 [ A + C] + x [ 2 A + B + C] + A
5 = A + C
20 = 2 A + B + C A = 6; B = 9; C = 1
6 = A
5x2 + 20 x + 6
x ( x + 1)
I1 = 6
I2 = 9
I3 =
dx = 6
dx
dx
dx
+ 9
2
x
( x + 1) x + 1
dx
= Ln x + k
x
dx
( x + 1)
= u = x + 1 du = dx 9
du
9
9
+k
9 u2 du I2 = I2 =
2
u
u
( x + 1)
dx
= Ln x +1 + k
x +1
5x2 + 20 x + 6
x ( x + 1)
dx =Ln x
9
Ln x +1 + k
( x + 1)
431

ex dx
14)
(1 ex )( 2 + ex )
Cambio de Variable : u = ex du = exdx
(1u)( 2 + u)
du
A
B
=
du +
du
2+u
(1u)( 2 + u) 1 u
1
A
B
A(2 + u) + B (1 u)
+
=
1 u 2 + u (1 u)( 2 + u)
(1 u)(2 + u)
1 = A (2 + u) + B (1u) 1= 2A+ Au + B Bu 1 = u [ A B] + (2A+ B)

0 = A B
A = B B = 2A + 1 A = 2A + 1 3A =1 A = 13 B = 13
=
+
1
2
A
B
du
(1u)(2 +u)
1 du 1 du 1
1
+
= Ln 1 u + Ln 2 + u + k
3 1u 3 2 + u 3
3
ex dx
1
1
ex dx
x
x
x
x
=
+
+
+
Ln
1
e
Ln
2
e
k
(1 ex )( 2 + ex ) 3
(1 ex )( 2 + ex ) =3 Ln(1 e ) (2 + e ) + k
3
1
15) x dx
2 +3
Cambio deVariable : u = 2x +32x = u 3du = 2x Ln( 2) dx dx =

1
du
1 A
du
du
dx =
2 Ln( 2)
(u 3)Ln( 2)
x
2 +3dx = u (u 3) Ln( 2) = Ln( 2) u(u 3)du = Ln( 2) udu + (u 3)du

x
A B
1
= +
1= A( u 3) + Bu 1= u(A+ B) 3A
u( u 3) u ( u 3)
A+ B = 0
1
1
A= ; B =
3
3
3A=1
du
1
1
1
1 du
du =
ln u ln u 3+

=
k
Ln( 2) u( u 3)
3Ln( 2) u ( u 3) 3ln( 2)
432

1
1
1
ln 2x + 3 ln 2x + k =
ln 2x + 3 x ln 2 + k
dx =
x
3ln ( 2)
3ln ( 2)
+3
x
x ln 2 + 3
1
2x + 3 dx = 3 3ln ( 2) + k
x2 x 21
dx
16) 3 2
2x x +8x 4
2x3 x2 +8x 4 = x2 ( 2x 1) + 4( 2x 1) = (x2 + 4)(2x 1)
x2 x21
x2 x21
Ax + B
C
2x3 x2 +8x 4 dx = (x2 +4)(2x 1) dx = (x2 +4) dx+ ( 2x 1) dx
Ax + B)( 2x 1) +C(x2 + 4)
(
x2 x 21
Ax + B
C
x2 x21
=
+
= 2
=
(x2 + 4)(2x 1) (x2 + 4) ( 2x 1)
(x + 4)(2x 1)
(x2 + 4)(2x 1)
x2 x 21= ( Ax + B)( 2x 1) +C(x2 + 4)
1 = 2A + C
1 = A +2B
21 = B+ 4C
A = 3; B = 1;C = 5
3x +1
3xdx
x2 x 21
dx
x2 x 21
dx
dx
=
5
dx
dx
(x2 +4)(2x 1) (x2 +4) ( 2x 1) (x2 +4)(2x 1) dx = (x2 +4) + (x2 +4) 5 ( 2x 1)
x2 x21
3
1
5
2
2x3 x2 +8x 4 dx = 2 Ln(x +4) + 2 arctg(2x) 2 Ln(2x 1) +k
433

dx
9x + x2
17)
9 x 4 + x 2 = x 2 ( 9 x 2 + 1)
9x
dx
=
+ x2
dx
A
B
( Cx + D ) dx
= 2 dx + dx +
2
x
x
x ( 9 x + 1)
( 9 x 2 + 1)
1
A B (Cx + D)
=
+ +
1 = A(9 x2 + 1) + Bx(9 x2 + 1) + x2 (Cx + D)
2
2
2
2
x
x ( 9x + 1)
x ( 9 x + 1)
9B + C = 0
9 A + D = 0
C = 0; D = 9
=
B
0
A = 1
dx
dx
0
(0x 9)dx
dx
dx
dx
x2 ( 9x2 + 1) = x2 + x dx + ( 9x2 + 1) x2 ( 9x2 + 1) = x2 9 ( 9x2 + 1)
dx
dx
= 2
2
( 9x + 1) ( x +
9
x=
1
9
18)
tg x2 = 19 tg 2 ;
dx
2
(x +
9x
1
9
1
9
=
)
1
9
1
9

dx =
Sec2 d
tg 2 + 19
1
9
1
9
1
9
Sec2 d
Sec2 d
tg 2 +1 = 3 d = 3 + k = 3arctg(3x) + k
dx
1
= 3arctg (3x) + k
2
+x
x
x +1
dx
x 9 x +14
2
x2 9 x + 14 = ( x 2) ( x 7)
( x + 1)dx
( x + 1)dx
Adx
Bdx
=
=
+
9 x + 14
( x 2) ( x 7) ( x 2) ( x 7)
( x + 1)
A
B
8
3
=
+
( x + 1) = A( x 7) + B( x 2) A = ; B =
5
5
( x 2) ( x 7) ( x 2) ( x 7)
( x + 1)dx
dx
dx
( x 2) ( x 7) = 5 ( x 2) 5 ( x 7) x
( x + 1)dx
8
3
= Ln x 2 Ln x 7 + k
9 x + 14 5
5
434

19)
2x 1
dx
x + x2 2x
3
x3 + x2 2x = x( x 1) (x + 2)
(2x 1)dx
(2x +1)dx
x + x 2x = x( x1) (x + 2) =
3
Adx
Bdx
Cdx
+
+
x
(x 1) (x + 2)
A B
C
(2x +1)
= +
+
2x 1= A(x 1)(x + 2) + Bx(x + 2) + Cx(x 1)
x( x 1) (x + 2) x (x 1) (x + 2)
5
1
1
A= ; B = ; C =
2
3
6
(2x +1)dx
1 dx 1
dx
dx
(2x 1)dx
x( x1) (x + 2) = 2 x + 3 (x 1) 6 (x + 2) x + x 2x
3
1
1
5
= Ln x + Ln x 1 Ln x + 2 + k
2
3
6
(3x2 +5x)
20) 3 2
dx
x + x x1
x3 + x2 x1=( x1)( x + 1)
(3x2 +5x)
(3x2 +5x)
Adx
Bdx
C
=
=
+
+
dx
dx
2
2
3
2
x + x x1 ( x1)( x + 1) ( x1) ( x + 1) ( x +1) dx
(3x2 +5x)
( x1)( x + 1)
A
B
C
2
+
+
(3x2 +5x) = A( x+1) + B( x1) +C( x1)( x + 1)
2
( x1) ( x + 1) ( x +1)
A= 2; B =1; C =1
(3x2 +5x)
dx
dx
dx
(3x2 +5x)dx
1
( x1)( x + 1)2 dx = 2 ( x1) + ( x + 1)2 + ( x +1) x3 + x2 x1= 2Ln( x1) x+1+Ln( x+1) +k
435

21)
3
dx
x + x2 +1
4
x4 + x2 +1 = x4 + x2 +1+ x2 x2 = x4 + 2x2 +1 x2 = (x2 +1)2 x2 = ((x2 +1) x)((x2 +1) + x)

x4 + x2 +1= (x2 + x +1)(x2 x +1)
3dx
3dx
Ax + B
Cx + D
x4 + x2 +1 = (x2 + x +1)(x2 x +1) = (x2 + x +1) dx + (x2 x +1) dx
Ax + B
Cx + D
3
= 2
+ 2
3 = ( Ax + B)(x2 x +1) + (Cx + D)(x2 + x +1)
2
(x + x +1)(x x +1) (x + x +1) (x x +1)
2
3 = ( A + C)x3 + (A + B + C + D)x2 + ( A B + C + D)x + (B + D)

A + C = 0
A + B + C + D = 0
3
3
3
3
A= ; B = ; C = ; D=
2
2
2
2
A B + C + D = 0
B + D = 3
x +1
x 1
3dx
3
3
(x2 + x +1)(x2 x +1) = 2 (x2 + x +1) dx 2 (x2 x +1) dx
x +1
2
dx x2 + x + 14 +1 14 = ( x + 12 ) + 34
(x + x +1)
(x +1)dx
(x +1)dx
=
2
2
3
1
(x + x +1)
( x+ 2 ) + 4
Para I1 :
x + 12 =
3
4
tg x =
(x +1)dx
( x+ )
1 2
2
3
4
(x +1)dx
( x+ )
1 2
2
x + 12 =
3
4
3
4
3
4
tg 12 ; (x + 12 )2 = 34 tg2; dx =
( 34 tg 12 +1)
3
4
tg +
2
3
4
Sec2 d
3
4
1
3
4
3
4
3
4
Sec2 d
tg + 12 )d = tg d +
1
3
= Ln Sec + 13 + k
tg tg =
(2x +1)2 + 3
2x +1
2x +1
= arctg
=
;
Sec
3
3
3
436

(2x +1)2 + 3 1
x +1
2x +1
dx = Ln
+ 3 arctg
+k
2
(x + x +1)
3
3
ParaI2 :
x +1
(x +1)dx
(x +1)dx
2
dx x2 x + 14 +1 14 = ( x 12 ) + 43 2
=
2
(x x +1)
(x x +1)
( x 12 ) + 43
2
Solucionando de forma similar :
(2x 1)2 + 3 1
x +1
2x 1
dx
Ln
=
+ 3 arctg
+k
2
(x x +1)
3
3
(2x +1)2 + 3 1
(2x 1)2 + 3 1
3dx
2x +1
2x 1
+ 3 arctg
+ 3 arctg
Ln
+k
x4 + x2 +1 = Ln
3
3
3
3
22)
x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1
dx
2
3
(x + x)(x +1)
(x2 + x)(x3 +1) = x(x +1)(x +1)(x2 x +1) = x(x +1)2(x2 x +1)
x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1
Bdx
Cdx
(x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1)dx Adx
(Dx + E)dx
(x2 + x)(x3 +1) dx = x(x +1)2(x2 x +1) = x + (x +1)2 + (x+1) + (x2 x +1)
B
C
(Dx + E)
(x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1) A
=
+
+
+
x(x +1)2(x2 x +1) x (x +1)2 (x +1) (x2 x +1)
Resolver el sistemadeecuaciones : A =1; B = 3; C =2; D = 2; E = 0
(x4 +8x3 x2 + 2x +1)dx dx
dx
dx
2xdx
x(x +1)2(x2 x +1) = x +3 (x +1)2 2 (x +1) + (x2 x +1)
I1; I2; I3 son inmediatas
I4 =
2xdx
2xdx
=
De la forma : x2 + a2 Cambio: x = atg
2 3
1
(x x +1) ( x 2 ) + 4
2
437

x 12 =
3
4
tg x =
2xdx
( x )
1
2
(x +1)dx
( x+ )
1 2
2
x =
1
2
I1 =
3
4
3
4
3
4
2(
3
4
tg + 12 ; ( x 12 )2 = 34 tg 2 ; dx =
3
4
tg + 12 )
3
4
3
4
tg +
2
Sec2 d
3
4
3
3
4
3
4
3
4
Sec2 d
tg + 12 )d = 2 tg d +
2
3
= 2Ln Sec + 23 + k
(2x +1)2 + 3
2x 1
2x 1
tg tg =
= arctg
; Sec =
3
3
3
(2x +1) + 3 2
2xdx
2x 1
= 2Ln
+ 3 arctg
+k
(x x +1)
3
3
2
(2x +1)2 + 3 2
x4 + 8x3 x2 + 2x +1
3
2x 1
dx
=
Ln
x
Ln
x
+
+
Ln
+ 3 arctg
2
1
2
+k
(x2 + x)(x3 +1)
x +1
3
3
5x3 + 2
25x2 20x + 2
23) 3
dx (5 + 3
)dx
x 5x2 + 4x
x 5x2 + 4x
x3 5x2 + 4x = x (x 4)(x 1)
25x2 20x + 2
(25x2 20x + 2)dx
A
B
C
dx =
dx +
dx
= dx +
3
2
(x 4)
(x 1)
x 5x + 4x
x (x 4)(x 1)
x
25x2 20x + 2 A
B
C
= +
+
25x2 20x + 2 = A(x 4)(x 1) + Bx(x 1) + Cx(x 1)
x (x 4)(x 1) x (x 4) (x 1)
7
A = 12 ; B = 161
6 ; C= 3
(25x2 20x + 2)dx 1 dx 161 dx 7

dx
x (x 4)(x 1) = 2 x + 6 (x 4) 3 (x 1)
5x3 + 2
x3 5x2 + 4x dx = 5x + 12 Ln x + 1616 Ln x 4 37 Ln x 1 + k
438

x 2 8x + 7
dx
24) 2
( x 3x 10)2
( x2 3x 10)2 = (( x 5)( x + 2))2 = ( x 5)2 ( x + 2)2
x 2 8x + 7
x2 8x + 7
Adx
Bdx
Cdx
Ddx
dx
=
( x2 3x 10)2 ( x 5)2 ( x + 2)2 dx = (x 5)2 + ( x 5) + ( x + 2)2 + ( x + 2)
x 2 8x + 7
A
B
C
D
=
+
+
+
2
2
2
2
( x 5) ( x + 2) ( x 5) ( x 5) ( x + 2)
( x + 2)
30
30
; C = 27
resolver el sistema deecuaciones : A = 498 ; B = 343
49 ; D = 343
x 2 8x + 7
dx
dx
dx
dx
( x 5)2 (x + 2)2 dx = 498 ( x 5)2 + 34330 (x 5) + 2749 (x + 2)2 34330 (x + 2)
Las Integrales son inmediatas
x 2 8x + 7
8
27
30
30
dx
=
+
Ln
(
x
5)
+
343
Ln ( x + 2) + k
343
( x2 3x 10)2 49( x 5)
49( x + 2)
NOTA:COMOPUEDENOBSERVARLASOLUCINDEINTEGRALESRACIONALESSEBASA
ENPRIMERLUGAR,DETERMINARLOSVALORESDELASCONSTANTESQUEAPAREZCAN
SEGN LOS CASOS ANTERIORMENTE ESTUDIADOS, Y UNA VEZ QUE TENEMOS ESOS
VALORES,LASINTEGRALESACALCULARSERESUELVENPORMTODOSYACONOCIDOS.
439

INTEGRALESVARIAS
1) x( Arctgx)2 dx Seleccin : u = ( Arctgx)2 du =
( 2 Arctgx) dx ; dv = xdx v = x2 + k
1 + x2
x2 ( Arctgx )
x2 Arctgx dx
2
1 + x2
x2 Arctgx dx
dx
x2
; dv =
I1 =
Seleccin : u = Arctgx du =
dx
1 + x2
1 + x2
1 + x2
x2
v=
dx Cambio de Variable : x = atg x2 = tg 2 ; dx = Sec2 d
2
1+ x
tg 2 Sec2 d
v=
v = tg 2 d = (1 Sec2 ) d d Sec2 d = tg + k
2
1+ tg
v = Arctg( x) x + k
2
x ( Arctgx) dx =
x2 ( Arctgx )
( Arctgx) dx
x
Arctgx
dx
Arctgx
Arctgx
x
=
(
)
(
)(
)
1 + x2
2
2
x2 ( Arctgx )
( Arctgx x) dx
x
x
x
Arctgx
dx
Arctgx
Arctg
+
=
(
)
(
)
(
)
1 + x2
2
(I3 )
2
(I3 )
( ArcTgx ) dx
1+ x
(I4 )
xdx
1+ x
(I5 )
( ArcTgx ) dx = ( ArcTgx ) + k
dx
z2
(I4 ) z = Arctgx dz =
z dz = + k
2
1+ x
2
1 + x2
2
dw
xdx
1 dw
1
(I5 ) w = 1 + x2 dw = 2 x dx
= xdx
= Ln 1 + x2 + k
2
2
2 w
1+ x
2
2
x2 ( Arctgx )
( Arctgx ) 1 Ln 1 + x2 + k
I=
( Arctgx )( Arctgx x ) +
2
2
2
2
x2 ( Arctgx )
( Arctgx ) 1 Ln 1 + x2 + k
2
=
+
+
x
Arctgx
dx
Arctgx
xArctgx
(
)
(
)
2
2
2
2
440

2)
Senx + x
Senx
x
Senx + x
dx =
dx +
dx
dx
Cosx +1
Cosx +1
Cosx +1
Cosx +1
(I1 )
(I2 )
u = Cosx +1
du
Senx
Senx
dx = Ln Cosx +1 + k
(I1 )
dx = du = Senx dx = = Ln u + k
+
1
u
Cosx
Cosx +1
du = Senx dx
( I2 )
( Cosx +1)
Cosx +1 dx = ( Cosx +1) ( Cosx 1)dx =
x ( Cosx 1)
x ( Cosx 1)
dx =
dx
2
Cos 1
Sen2 x
x ( Cosx 1)
xCosx
x dx
dx =
dx +
2
2
Sen x
Sen x
Sen2 x
(I4 )
( I3 )
( I3 )
x Cosx
dx = x Ctgx Cscx dx Por Partes : u = x du = dx
Senx Senx
dv = Ctgx Cscx dx v = Cscx + k sust.

xCtgxCscx dx = x Cscx + Cscx dx xCtgxCscxdx = xCscx Ln Cscx Ctgx + k
( I4 )
x dx
Sen x x Csc x dx
2
u = x du = dx
dv = Csc x dx
2
x Cscx dx =
v = Ctgx + k
x Ctg Ctgx dx = x Csc2 x dx = x Ctgx Ln Senx + K
441

3)
( Cos x + x )dx
S en x + 1
( Cos x + x )dx
Sen x + 1
Cos x
Sen x + 1 dx
x dx
Sen x + 1
Cos x dx
( I1 ) =
Sen x + 1 Cambio de Variable : u = Sen x + 1 du = Cos x dx
( I1 ) =
du
u
(I2 ) =
Ln u + k
Ln Sen x + 1 + k
x dx Sen x 1
=
S en x + 1 Se n x 1
(I2 ) =
x ( Sen x 1 ) dx
=
Cos 2 x
Para : ( I 3 ) =
x ( Sen x 1 ) dx
x ( Sen x 1 ) dx
=
2
Sen x 1
1 Sen 2 x
( x Sen x x )dx =
2
Cos x
x Sen x dx
x dx
+
2
Cos x
Cos 2 x
( I3 )
(I4 )
x Sen x
x Sen x dx
dx =
= xtgx Sec x dx
2
Cos x Cos x
Cos x
( P .P )
dv = tgxSec xdx v = Sec x + k
Seleccin : u = x du = dx ;
( I 3 ) = xtg xSec x dx = x Sec x Sec x dx

( I3 ) =
xtgx Sec x dx xSec x + Ln Sec x + tg x + k
(I4 ) =
Cos
x dx
2
x
x Sec
Sel eccin : u = x du = dx ;
(I4 ) =
x Sec
x dx ( P .P )
dv = Sec
x dx = xtg x tgx dx =
x dx v = tg x + k
xSec
x dx = xtg x Ln Sec x + k
Cos x + x
dx = Ln Sen x + 1 x Sec x + Ln Sec x + tg x + xtgx Ln Sec x + k
Sen x + 1
442

1 x
4) xLn
dx
1+ x
x2
2 dx
1 x
1 x
xLn 1 + x dx Seleccin; u = Ln 1 + x du = 1 x2 ; dv = xdx v = 2 + k
x2 dx x2 Ln( 11+ xx )
x2 dx
1 x x2 1
1 x
xLn
dx
Ln
2
=
+
=
+
1 + x 1 + x 2 2 ( ) 1 x2
1 x2 (S.T )
2
( I1 )
x2 dx
De la forma : x = aSen x = Sen x2 = Sen2 ; dx = Cos d
( I1 )
2
1 x
d
Cos 2
1 Cos 2
Sen2 Cos d
Sen2 d
=
=
=
Cos
Cos Cos d
1 Sen2
Cos
Sen2 Cos d
1 Sen2 = Sec d Cos d = Ln Sec + Tg Sen + k
x = Sen
x2 dx
1 x2 = Ln
1
1 x2
x
1 x2
x + k = Ln
1+ x
1 x2
(1 + x )
(1 x )(1 + x )
2
x + k = Ln
x+k
x2 Ln( 11+ xx ) 1 1 + x
1 x
xLn 1 + x dx = 2 + 2 Ln 1 x x + K
1 + tgx
dx
Sen 2 x
1 + tgx
dx
tgx
Sen2 x dx = Sen2 x + Sen2 x dx
( I1 )
(I2 )
5)
( I1 ) Csc 2 x dx = Ctgx + k
Senx
dx
tgx dx
Senx dx
dx
Cosx
=
=
=
=
(I2 )
2
2
2
Sen x
Sen x
Sen x Cosx
Senx Cosx
( Sen 2 x + Cos 2 x) dx
Senx Cosx
443

Sen2x dx
Cos2x dx
Senx dx Cosx dx
+
=
Senx Cosx Senx Cosx Cosx + Senx = tgx dx + Ctgx dx = Ln Secx + Ln Senx +k
1+tgx
Sen x dx =Ctg + Ln Secx + Ln Senx +k

2
Otra Forma :
dx
dx
Sen2x = 2 Sen2x
2Csc(2x)dx
DMASOROJAS
MAYO2008
444

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INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

f ( x) ( Ax + B)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)

f ( x) = ( Ax + B)(ax12 + bx1 + c1 ) + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)

f ( x) ( Ax + B )(ax 2 + bx + c) 2 + (Cx + D)(ax 2 + bx + c)

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

factor cuadrtico irreducible x 2 + 2 x + 4 = ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) 1 + 4 = ( x + 1) + 3

x + 1 = 3tg x = 3tg 1; ( x + 1)2 = 3tg 2 ; dx = 3Sec 2 d

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

factor cuadrtico irreducible x 2 + 4 x + 13 = ( x + 2 ) 4 + 13 = ( x + 2 ) + 9

x + 2 = 3tg x = 3tg 2; ( x + 2) 2 = 9tg 2 ; dx = 3Sec 2 d

factor cuadrtico irreducible 2 x 2 4 x + 10 = 2( x 2 2 x + 5) = 2(( x 1) + 4)

x 1 = 2tg x = 2tg + 1; ( x 1) 2 = 4tg 2 ; dx = 2 Sec 2 d

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

factor cuadrtico irreducible x2 4x + 8 = ( x 2) + 4

x 2 = 2tg x = 2tg + 2; ( x 2)2 = 4tg 2 ; dx = 2Sec2 d

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

x 2x+5 = ( x1) +4 De la forma: x +a Cambio: x = atg

x 1= 2tg x = 2tg +1; (x 1)2 = 4tg2; dx = 2Sec2d

(3(2tg +1) +19)2Sec2d 2 (3(2tg +1) +19)Sec2d

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

1 = A (2 + u) + B (1u) 1= 2A+ Au + B Bu 1 = u [ A B] + (2A+ B)

Cambio deVariable : u = 2x +32x = u 3du = 2x Ln( 2) dx dx =

2 +3dx = u (u 3) Ln( 2) = Ln( 2) u(u 3)du = Ln( 2) udu + (u 3)du

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

De la forma : x2 + a2 Cambio : x = atg

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

x4 + x2 +1 = x4 + x2 +1+ x2 x2 = x4 + 2x2 +1 x2 = (x2 +1)2 x2 = ((x2 +1) x)((x2 +1) + x)

3 = ( A + C)x3 + (A + B + C + D)x2 + ( A B + C + D)x + (B + D)

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

Solucionando de forma similar :

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

(25x2 20x + 2)dx 1 dx 161 dx 7

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

1) x( Arctgx)2 dx Seleccin : u = ( Arctgx)2 du =

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

Cosx +1 dx = ( Cosx +1) ( Cosx 1)dx =

dv = Ctgx Cscx dx v = Cscx + k sust.

x Ctg Ctgx dx = x Csc2 x dx = x Ctgx Ln Senx + K

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

Sen x + 1 Cambio de Variable : u = Sen x + 1 du = Cos x dx

dv = tgxSec xdx v = Sec x + k

( I 3 ) = xtg xSec x dx = x Sec x Sec x dx

xtgx Sec x dx xSec x + Ln Sec x + tg x + k

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO DE TECNOLOGA

Sen x dx =Ctg + Ln Secx + Ln Senx +k

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