UNIVERSITY OF

GUAYAQUIL
FACULTY OF NATIRAL
SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF GEOLOGICAL

ENGLISH 2

NAME: VANESSA ROSERO H

TEACHER: MISS KAARINA MACIAS

1.THEME: POLLUTION OF MINING COMPANIES

2.TOPIC: POLLUTION OF MINING COMPANIES IN THE RIO
PUYANGO IN GUAYAQUIL
3.ISSUE: CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE POLLUTION OF
MINING COMPANIES IN GUAYAQUIL

4.INTRODUCTION:
The watershed Puyango River - Tumbes (When the river called
Puyango in Ecuador enters Peru is called Tumbes River) is formed by
the neighboring territories of Tumbes in northern Peru, and Loja, El
Oro, Southeast Ecuador. It covers an area of 4800 km2, of which 2880
km2 (60%) is in Ecuadorian territory and 1920 km2 (40%) in Peruvian
territory.
The Puyango river has its source in the wastelands of Chilla and Cerro
Black, in the province of Loja and the Cordillera de Chilla, in the
province of El Oro, the Republic of Ecuador (country located on the
northern border of Peru); among its main tributaries are the rivers
Calera, Amarillo on the right bank and broken Cazaderos the left
margin.
The length of Puyango River - Tumbes is 230 km. The average annual
flow of the entire basin, is about 106 m3 / sec. and according to
Peruvian records, the estimated length of the Tumbes river is 80 km
and has an average annual flow of 123.21 m3 / sec. in Peruvian
territory.
In the upper basin of river -province Puyango gold- in the cantons
located south of Ecuador, mining activity dating back to colonial times
with gold mining and early twentieth century when the company
American South American Development company (SADCO)
minera.Esta important activity developed by company gave its
operations culminated in the 50s.
After the abandonment of the area of operations by SADCO, the
facilities were occupied by Ecuadorian national companies unable to
sustain their activities for long. In the 80s, the mining activity in the
area reactive Portovelo and Zaruma; these areas were taken into
possession by informal miners, beginning extractive activities on a
scale of small minera.Durante artisanal ore processing for gold, there
were numerous mills and plants cyanide in the urban and rural
perimeter of the area, generating impacts environmental in the
environment and the health of the population, why, the local
government ordered that the facilities benefit mineral move to the
banks of the Yellow river Calera and; in this way the pollution problem
committing populations living downstream of the basin focused.

One study (1993), with the support of the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA) of the United Nations in various sectors of PuyangoTumbes river, detected arsenic, cadmium, copper, zinc, mercury and
lead, in some cases, above the permissible.

The presence of metal was found in river sediments, but not in the
streams, and its concentration was higher in times of drought.

The Ministry of Energy and Mines of Ecuador, through the Project for
Mining Development and Environmental Control, conducted
environmental monitoring of mining areas in southern Ecuador, during
the years 1996 - 1998, indicating that the Puyango river is strongly
affected by discharges of metals processing plants reported
minerales.Los most abundant metals in polluted water, about their
background values, were copper, lead, and in some cases cadmio.La
pollution in the river basin waters Puyango down mining areas, far
exceeds the principle of three times the background value used in
Sweden to indicate environmental pollution. In some sections of the
river, pollution
The evaluation of results of monitoring of heavy metals -Tumbes
Puyango River and tributaries, made by the public sectors of Peru and
Ecuador, since 2001 until March 2006, recorded levels quesuperaban
the maximum permissible limits in some monitoring stations both
surface waters of the river Puyango-Tumbes and sediments.
At that time the Peruvian standards established by the General Water
Law (DL No. 17752) now repealed by the Water Resources Act (Law
No. 29338), which holds full force together with its rules were applied,
Supreme Decree 001-2010-AG and Supreme Decree No. 023-2009MINAM that set national standards for environmental quality of
water.In this context the new Maximum Permissible Limits (LMP), and
the considerations to take to the structuring of the new monitoring
protocol water and liquid effluents for mining activities should
consider the topics that apply in the dimension of the case presented
here.

5.PROBLEM
A study by the Binational Special Project Puyango-Tumbes (PEBPT)
hand with South Development Project (PREDESUR) of Ecuador reveals
a serious situation. The Tumbes River in Ecuador is known as
Puyango, it is contaminated by the presence of heavy metals, which
threatens the health of people who use its waters for irrigation of
crops and consumption.
Sources consulted the Regional Directorate of Environmental Health
Tumbes indicate that people who consume this contaminated water
are exposed to gastrointestinal diseases and skin infections. "While

we have no official report of cases in these border areas, these could

result not taken appropriate action," they said.

6.SOLUTION:
Most rivers are contaminated by chemicals and microorganisms from
industrial waste and sewage. There are also a lot of pollution by
plastic materials that take forever to decompose. All these
contaminants are human responsibility.

The only way to prevent pollution in rivers is to exercise strict control

over industrial discharges, with penalties commensurate with the
damage produced, and even closing them. The use of agrochemicals
greatly pollutes the rivers, so it is urgent to replace outdated methods
of fertilization and pest control harmful poisons, by the practice of
ecological agriculture and healthy for all.

It is important to educate people to stop throwing waste anywhere,

because many end up in the waterways. It is also good to use plants
like cattails or papyrus that purify water from rivers, streams and
lakes. Avoid destroying the surrounding flora, since it protects the
rivers of different pollutants.

7.RECOMMENDATION:
Using an advanced waste treatment to remove phosphates from
industrial lasplantas and treatment before they reach the lake.
Prohibit or establish lower limits of phosphates for detergents.
Educational campaigns to achieve positive attitudes towards water
conservation attitudes.

8.BIBLIOGRAPHY:
http://agua-ecuador.blogspot.com/2013/07/mineria-y-contaminaciondel-agua.html
https://www.google.com.ec/#q=contaminacion+del+rio+puyangotumbes

APPENDIX
THEME
1
TOPIC.
.1
ISSUE..
1
INTRODUCTION2
PROBLEM.
3
SOLUTION
..3
RECOMMENDATION3
BIBLIOGRAPHY.3