Adjuncts, Disjuncts & Conjuncts

Adjuncts
Syntactic & Semantic Features
The bells rang all day long
Tom hired a car at Oxford
The weather is rather unpredictable in these parts
Hastily she hid the letter
She hid the letter hastily
She hastily hid the letter
It was raining extremely hard / on the Continent / last night
In the summer we often make our ice cream
Manner: These flowers are growing very easily
Place: She lives here
Time: He arrived very early
Frequency (indefinite): I usually arrive very early
(definite): They pay me monthly
Duration: We met her at your wedding very briefly
Instrument: She opened the envelope with a penknife
Purpose: I called John for a quick coffee
Reason: Going to USA is cheap at the moment because of the exchange rate
Realisations of the Adjunct
Prepositional Phrases
Adverb Phrases
Noun Phrases
Finite clauses
Non-finite clauses
Disjuncts
Unfortunately the cat killed the mouse
The cat unfortunately killed the mouse
The cat killed the mouse unfortunately
Personally, I think it is a waste of time
From my point of view, it is a waste of time
Adverbs: unfortunately, frankly
Prepositional Phrases: in fact, in reality,
Non-finite clauses: to be frank, to tell the truth
Finite clauses: if I may be frank with you
Conjuncts
Consequently, Therefore, However, On the contrary, In addition,

Identify adjuncts, conjuncts & disjuncts in the following sentences:

Happily there wasnt much mess.

The children ran away happily

He frankly doesnt care

He frankly told us all the truth

He purposely crashed the car

He spoke clearly

We have to be careful, though

They divided the cake equally

The baby cried extremely loudly

10 He understands everything clearly

11 Clearly he understands everything
12 He understands everything, clearly
13 Frankly, she hates babies
14 Unfortunately, Ken snores very loudly
15 I try to be nice to him, however.
16 Briefly, that is all I can say at the moment.
17 I could speak to him very briefly
18 In spite of that, he decided to stay
19 Quite incredibly, he possesses a large fortune
20 Seriously, you should work hard
21 Queen Victoria died in 1901
22 Thankfully, there is a parking area near their house.
23 Nervously, he untied the parcel.
24 Each summer we spend a few days in Madrid.

II Name the function of the clause constituents in the following examples

1

Marys daughter is sleeping in her best friends home

She knows the secret I told you yesterday

The dog that bit me the other day is barking quite menacingly

Peter told the children a story he had been told the previous day

Sally became a doctor

She gave him a kiss

All the stories that were published on Monday are unreliable

All the stories published on Monday are unreliable

Kate thought John a fool

10 Carol put the car in the garage near the hotel

11 My uncle found his car very dirty

12 John seems very happy with his new job

13 I made the cake she is eating

14 He is quite interested in reading novels

15 The rumour that Peter is marrying Sheila is false.