IS 1875

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Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS AND
BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECU3CATION
( Fifih Revision )
UDC

Janmrj

1992

66914 -- 412

Price Group 3

S,teel Forgings Sectional Committee,

MTD

18

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Fifth Revision ) was adonted hv the Bureau of Indian Standards. after
the draft finalized by the Steel Ixgings Sectione ;~&&-mi&d~had
been approved
by the Metallu,gi._
cal Engixering
Division Council.
Thisstandard
was first issued in 1961 and subsequently revised in 1966, 1970, 1971 and 1978.
Based on the experience gained during these years in the use of this standard, it has been decided
to further revise this standard.
Class 1 Steel is again incorporated in this revision based on the need of users. For the benefit of
the purchaser, an informative annex ( see Annex A ) has been included giving particulars to be
specified while ordering for these steels.
This standard contains clauses 5.4(e), 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 11.1 and Note in Table 2 which cal: for
agreement between the purchaser and the supplier; clauses 5.1,6.2 and 10.2 which permit the purchaser to use his option; and clause 12 gives supplementary requirements.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular
requirement of this
the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or
off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical
number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should
specified value in this standard.

standard is complied with,

analysis, shall be rounded
values ( revised).
The
be the same as thet of the

IS 1875 : 1992

Indian Standard
CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS, SLABS APJD
BARS FOR FORGINGS - SPECIFICATION
( Fifth Revision )
3 TERMINOLOGY

1 SCOPE
1.1 This standard

covers the requirements

for
nine classes of carbon steel biliets, blooms, slabs
and bars for forgings designated as class 1, lA,
2, 2A, 3,3A, 4, 5 and 6 ( see Table 1 ).
2 REFERENCES
2.1 The following

Indian Standards
sary adjuncts to this standard.
IS No.!

1387 : I@=

are nece~-

Tide

Methods for chemical analysis

of steels (revised)
General
requirements
for

3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS 1956 ( Part 6 ) shall apply.
4 SUPPLY

Genera! req$w$nts
maternal
IS 1387 :1967.

test for metallic

materials

( second revision )

Method
for
bend test
( second revision )
1608 1972
~12,0t~cfor
tensile testing
products (first
revision )
Code for designation
of
1762
(Put 1 ) : 1974 steels: Part 1 Based on letter
symbols (first revision )
Rolling
and cutting
tole1852 : 1985
rances for hot rolled steel
products ( (fourrh revision )
Glossary of terms relating
1956
( Part 6 ) : 1976 to iron and steel : Part 6
Forging
( including
drop
forging )
Dimensional
tolerances for
3739 : 1987
carbon and alloy constructional steel (first revision )
4075 : 1985
Method
for macrostreak
3aw test yfor steel (first
!esisio,l )
4148 : 1988
Method for estimating average grainsite
of metals
1599 : 1985

be

relating.to
as Iald

the supp!y
down III

4.2 The steels cowed

by this standard shall be
ordered and delivered on the following basis:
a) Chemical composition; and
b) Tensile properties Lild/or hardness.

~~~~~~i~~~~~~~
ZOO : 1983

OF MATERIAL

5 MANUFACTURE

5.1 Dillets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgins

shal! be manufactured from killed steel made by
open-hearth,
electric, basic oxygen, combination of these processes, or any other suitable
method which wil! meet the requirements of the
standard. The stock may bc manufactured
by
hot rolling or for&ing.
5.2 Sufficient discard shall be made from each
ingct to secure freedom from piping and undue
segregation.

5.3 The material shall be made from ingot having at least four times the cross-sectional area of
the products.
5.3.1 For blooms 300 x 300 mm and larger
size or its ewivaient
cross sectional area,
though not meeting the xqolrement
of 5.3,
may also be supplied with prior permission
fro.m the purchaser. In case of reduction by
forging process prior permission from the user
is not necessary if the reduction
is more than
25 : 1.

5.4 The conditioning

method should be so
chosen that it shall not have any injurious
effects in the billet, bloom and bar. Material
required for forging may be conditioned
to
remove inju&w
surface defects provided that
the following limitations shall apply:
a) Condi!ioning
sliail be allowed or,ly in the
longitudinal
direction.
Conditioning
in
the transverse direction
shall not be
a!lowcd, except for surface inspection
purposes.

(fi/;n revision )

Technical
conditions
for
the cupply of hot rolled
billets, blooms, slabs and
bars for closed die forgings
Macroscopic
method
for
10138
( Part 3 ) : 1983 detcrmioation of non-metallic
inclusion content in wrought
slcel : Part ? h4agnctic particlc inspection method
11371 : 1985
Method for macroetch test
for wrought steel products

9CS4 : 1980

b) T!K depth of conditioning

shall not
exceed : mm for every 15 mm of the
I

1s 1875 : 1992

c)
d)

e)

f)

either by the methods specified in the relevact

p.arts of IS 22s o: any other established instrumental/chemical
method, shall be as given in
Iahle I. In cast of any dispute, the procedure
given in relevant parts of IS 228 shall be the
referee method.

dimension concerned subject to H maximum depth of 20 mm.

The width of conditioning shall be al least
four times its greatest depth.
An exception is made in the case of slabs
whose width is at least twice the thickness.
The depth of conditioning
in the Case
of slabs shall not exceed 1 mm for every
10 mm of the dimensions
roncerned
subject to a maximum depth of 20 mm.
conditioning
the material,
the
While
dimensions of the product may go below
the minimum dimensions permitted according to the toluances specified. When
reduced amount of dressing than what
is permitted by such clauses (b 1, ( c ) and
( d ) is required, the extent of dressing
shall be mutually agreed to bctwcen the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
When required by the users for the
material to be used for closed die forging,
the dressing may be allowed 13 such an
extent that its cross sectional area as
defined by the dimensional tolerances does
not go below the minimum of the tolerance limit.

6.2 Check Analysis

The purchaser may specify check analysis on
blooms, billets, slabs and txus. The number of
samples on which the analysis has to be carried
out shall be at the rate of one sample per 100
products of same section subject to a minimum
of one sample per section.
5.2.1 The permissible deviation in check analysis
from the specified composition
limits given in
Table 1 shall be as given below:
Constituent,

Carbon:
up to 025
Over 025 up to and
including 050
Over 050
Silicon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulphur

5.4.1 In special cases, particularly

where it is
necessary on large material and where condigxater depth of conditionins is not injurious,
tioning may be permitted
by special agreement
between the supplier and the purchaser.
5.4.2 In other cases, conditioning
of material
for removing injurious defects shall be as agreed
to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
6 CHEMICAL

Percent

Permissible Variation,
Percent, Max
r----h---.T
For Sections For Sections
250 mm*
250 mm*10
or less
500 mm0
f

002

* t)@i

f
+
*
zt
+

003
004
003
004
0005

5
f
+
f
+

+ 0005

005
006
004
007
@OlO

-I- 0010

COMPOSITION

6.1 Ladle Analysis

The ladle analysis of steel, when

6.3 The following

elements wherever not specified in Table 1 shall not be added to the steel,
except where agreed to, other than for the

carried out

Table 1 Chemical Composition

(Cfauses 1.1, 6.1, 6.2.1, 6.3 and 12.1.1 )

CIdSS

Designation
1 See IS 1762 r _____
Carbon
( Part 1 ) : 1974 J

2
2A
3
43A

14C6
IX8
2OC8
2SC8,
3OC8
3SC8
4sw

(3)
OlO--018
0~10-020
OlS--02s
0.20-0.30
W2S-035
030-+40
040--050

5
6

SSCP
65C6

@SO-W60
0.60--070

(1)
1

IA

(2)

-_--~

Silicon

I---

(4)
015-035
01s@3S
OlS--03s
OlS--035
OlS--03s
015-035
O*lS--035
OlS--03s
Oa--03s

Percenf
----------7
ManSalla%
Sulphur

Constitoent,
d---

(5)
040--070
060-490
060-0.90
o%o--090
060--090
060-090
0.60--090
0~60-05Yl
OSO-0.80

MUX
(6)
0.04
0.0&j
004
0.04
004
004
004
0.04
004

Phosphorus
Max

(7)
004
@04
004
004
004
cw4
044
004
004

NOTES
1 When the steel is alwninium Wled or killed [with both aluminium and silicon, the requirements 01
minimimI silicon Content shall no! apply. For aluminium killsd steel Ihe.tofal alumioium
content &Ii
be within

002 to 005

percenf.

2 SJlPhur fo the order of@05 10 @I2 Percent may be surpi!td

and the purchaser.

by mulua, ay,cc,,,cnl

be,wcen Ibt supp,jer

IS 1875 : 1992
8.2 Tolerances for rolled billets (square and
R.C.S. ) blooms and slabs for general engineering forgings shall be as given below:
Cros:~-Sect;onal
Permissible
Variation
Dimensions

purpose of fmishing the heat and shall not

exceed the following limits:
Per:?ni
Con.stituenr
030
Nickel
030
gi;;Tum
025
Molybdenum
005
005 3
Vanadium
0000
g
005

over 150

NOTES
1 Trace

elenxnts ( Cr + Ni + MO ) when added

to~efher shall not exceed @so percent.
2 Percent copper f IO x ( Percent tin)
exceed 050 percent.

7 FREEDOM

FROM

,115
+ 45
_- 20

Les%m
100
100 to 150

+ 60
- 30

8.2.1 For forged blooms, billets and slabs, the

tolerances
shall
be in accordance
with
IS 9684 : 1980.
8.3 For special requiremer.ls, the dimensional
tolerances shall be in accordantic with Grade I
of IS 3739 : 1987.
9 MECHANICALTEST
9.1 Tensile Test
The tensile tests shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1608 : 1972. The test pieces shall
be machined lengthwise from each test sample
selected as prescribed in 10. The tensile properties shall conform to the requirements given
in Table 2. The properties given in Table 2 are
applicable t.o test piec: take:: on rowids in the
direction
of the fibre, the axis of which corresponds to Fig. 1. For rectangular
sections
the ranges for equivalent section shall be as
given in Fig. 2.

shall not

DEFECTS

bars shall be
7.1 Billets, blooms, slabsand
reasonably free from any external or internal
cracks, flakes, laps, rough, jagged and imperfect
edges and other injurious surface imperfections.
Unless specified in the order, the suitable
method of parting may be used by the manufacturer and after parting the material shall be
sufficiently straight.
8 DIMENSIONAL
TOLERANCES
8.1 Rolled steel bars for general engineering
forgings shall be true to the prescribed dimcnthe tolerances
specified
in
sions within
IS 1852 : 1985.

CIRCULAR SECTION

RECTANGULAR

FIG.

SECTICNS

All dimensions in miliinmres.

1 LOCATION OF THE TBNSILE TPST Preces
PRODUCTS To BE DELIWXED

IN THE

IS

1875: 1992
RANGE
OF USE
DIAMETERS
0
mo~oc
160

100

20

LO

60

80

100
worn

I20
IN mm

140

160

180

200

FIG. 2 APPLICABILITS
OP THB VALTJBS, GIVEN IN TABLB
FOR ROUND SECTION, TO RECTANGULAR SUCTION

FOR

220

240

260

Table 2 Tensile Propertiesand Hardness

( Chse 9.1 )
ChSS

Tensile
Strength
Min

Yield

Elongation

Normalizing

4HB%

(MPa)
(1)
I
IA
2
2A
3
3A
4
5
6

(2)
370
410
430
460
490
540
620
X0
740

Temperature
( C )

HaE=

(4)
26
25
24
22
21
20
I5
1:
10

(3)
200
220
230
250
270
280
320
3%
370

NOTE-The
propertieszgivcn
in the table refertorulin$section
and normalized
condition
and
are
applicable
to test
nor
higher
section
as well as for the supply
in hardened
agreed
to between
the purchaser
and the manufacturer.

(For

information

001~ )

(6)

(9
100
110

sso-910
880-910

120
130
140
155
175
200
210

880-910
880-910
860-890
850-850
830-860
8!0--840
800-830

up to 100 mmin
the as rolled
or as forged
samples
taken
along the direction
of grain flow.
and tempered
coodition,
the properties
shall be as

than one diameter or thickness of bar is rol!-d

from the same cast, one additional test sample
The hardnesstest shall be carried out in accor- shall be selectedfrom each diameteror thickdancewith IS 1500: 1983.
nessof bar if desiredby the purchaser.
9.2 Hardness Test

10

SAMPLING

11

REETST

11.1 Retest for Pro&t

10.1 Sampling for Chemical Analysis

Analysis

The ladle analysis shall be supplied by the If the results of the check analysisdo not conform to the composition reqr:irementsgiven in
manufacturer.
Table 1 and Steel grade wilh allowance of
variation in case of check arialysis from the
10.2 Sampling for Mechanical Tests
specified limits, unlessotherwise agreedto betIn the caseof bars up to 100mm size, the test weenthe purchaseraltd the manufacturer,two
samplesshall be selected from finished parts at new samples shall be taken on different pieces
the rate of one sample from each lot, pro- from the same cast. Should the two analysis
;.vided the quantity from one cast does not satisfy the requirements, the lot represented
/ exceed 25 metric tonnes. Where the quantity shall be accepted, should either of the sample
from each cast exceeds25 metric tonnes, one fail, the material shall be taken as not complymore test sample shall be selected. When more ing with this standard.
4

IS 1875 : 1992
11.2

Retest

Prop&es

for Mechanical

Should any of the test piec::s !irst selected fail

to pass any of the tests ::pecified in this
standard, two further
saq!es
shall be selected
for testing in respect of each failure. Should the
test pieces from both these additional samples
pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deem+d to comply with the requirements of tl\at particular tes:. Should the test
pieces from ,:ither of these by the test samples
additional : amples fail, the material represented
shall be considered
as not having complied
with this standard, except that the manufacturer
may reheat-treat (not more than twice ) the
material represented and resubmit it for testing.
12 SUPPLEMENTARY

6L

.--

--_.
r---,

REQUIREMENTS

12.1 The following

supplementary requirements
shall apply only when specified by the purchaser
in the inquiry, contract and order. Details of
these supplementary
requirements shall be as
agreed to between the manufacturer
and the
purchaser.
12.1.X

Chemical

Composition
64

The purchaser may specify in special cases

more restricted range for one or more elements
in respect of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus
than the compositional
limits indicated in
Table 1.

NOTE-.-The steel rolled from conlin!lously cas!

coute shrill alw be examined by fol!owins the,
methods of ?:,:paration of sample in accordance
with IS 113: : 19SSaod the norms of acceotance
shall be mutually agreed to between the sdpplicr
and the ~urcl:ascr.

12.2.1 Smaller sizes shall be bent in fl:ll section

by a former having a diameter propo-tional
to
that specified for a 32 mm square test piece.
Each bend test shall comply with the requirements without fracture.

I::.5 Ultrasonic Test

Ultrasonic
examination and the level of acceptancc shall bz mutilally agreed to between the
manufacturer a:id the user.

12.2.2 Subsequently, the ends of the test pieces

for classes I, IA, 2, 2.4, 3 and 3A material shall
be brooght together by direct pressure and the
test piccc s:zall not fracture.
bc

xq:lircd

12.6 Magnetic

steel shall

:,?moetic

oarticlc

accordam

~ with

wp;lier

When agreed to between t!ir: suppiie:

be suppiied

with

Particle Test

test shall be cauicd

o:lt ia
lhc method
s;xxiiicd
iii
IS iOl3S ( Parr ill j : i9S3 and I?vcl of nccep..
t,,ncc si!a!I be mutual!y
ngrced to bet\vccn thr

for

12.3 Grain Size

purchaser,

.:

1.2.4 Macrostructure
The macrosl,ructure of steel on the etched trans\crsc sections, when examined in accordance
v.ith IS I 1371 : i985, shall be free from harmful
shrinkage
porosity, blow
holes, laminations,
cracks, nonmetallic
inclusions, cavities. llrx,
dendrits, etc. However, the acceptance norms
shall be as agreed to between the supplier and
:i;e purchaser.

When bend test requirements

fcr classes
I, 1A, 2, 2A, 3, 3A and 4 are speciliec! tile same
shall be carried
out in accordance
with
iS 1599 : 1985. Where
the dimenslomi permit,
test pieces 230 mm long and 32 mm sc;.uare with
edges rounded off shall be machined
lengthwise
from each test sample and bent cold by direct
oressure round a former of diameter auorooriate
io the clsss of steel as shown in Fig. >u&l the
sides of the test piece are parallel.

test shall

Class

All dinensions in millimctres.

FIG. 3 BEND TEST

12.2 Rend Test

12.2.3 NO bend
classes 5 and G.

Car

44 For Classes 3 and 3A

38 For ClassesI. IA, 2 and 2A

i2.7

and the
:hc spxi-

2nd the pt:rchase:.

K3lue Fracture

Test

Itic test shall be co!ldilcted in accordnnx

I :; 4075 : i 9SS and the lcvcl of accep:ance

lied grain size in accordance with IS 4748 : l9SS.

5

vyvith
shaii

IS 1875 : 1992

be mutually agreed to between the manufactuxr

and the ser.

be Icgib!y stamped with the cast number

and, when spccitied, the class designation;
and

-: MARKING
I, 11-n._. ^...^.I ..I.-...I..
.1~. ~~~. ,ia, &,,
neo as fOllOvx
a) Each billet, bloom, slab and bar over SO
mm in diameter or width across flats shill

b) Bars up to and including 50 mm diameter

or width across flats shall be bundled together and a tag attached bearing the
cast number, and when specified, the
class designation.

ANNEX
A
(Foreword )
INFORMATION

TO BE

GIVEN

A-l While placing an order for the steels

covered by this standard, the purchaser should
specify clearly the following:
a) Class designation;
b) Description regarding size, length, etc;
C) Condition
of delivery;

BY THE PURCHASER
d) Tests required;
e) Method

of manufacture;

f) Any special requirements,

ling and packing; and
g) Supplementary

such

tests, if required.

as bun&

StandardMark

The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indim
Standards Act, I986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder.
The Standard Mark on
products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced
to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection:,
testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to
that standard as a further safeguard.
Details of condition:: under which a licence for the use
of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from
i the Bureau of Irdian Standards.
_I

AMENDMENT

NO.1 JANUARY1993
TO
IS 1875:1992 CARBON STEEL BlLLETS,BLOOMS,
SLABS AND BARS !'OR 1WKClNCIS SPECIFICATION
( Fijiih He vision )
( Page 2, Table 1, co1 6, agnimf cluss IA)

Substilutc 0.04 for 0.03.

AMEND~MENT NO. 2 NOWEFvIBER 1994

TO
IS 1875:1992 CARBONSTEELBILLETS,BLOOMS?
SLABSANDBARS FORFORGINGS-S?ECIFI,CATIQN
(Fijih Revision)
( Page 1, clarrse 2.1 ) - Substitute IS 1387 : 1993 General requirements
for the supply ofmetallurgical materials ( second revision ) for IS 1387 : 1967
General requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials (first revision ).
( Page 2, clause 6.2.1, under t/w heading Permissible Vwintion, Percent,
Max-) -Substitute mmfor mm .
(MTD 18)
Reprography

Unit, BIS: New Delhi.

India

AMENDMENT

NO. 3

MARCH

1981

TO

IS : X375-1978 SPECIFICATION
CARBON STEEL BILLETS, BLOOMS,
BARS FOR FORGINGS
(Fourth

FOR
SLABS AND

Revision)

[This amendment has been prepared to make certain modifications

in the requirements in the light of difficulties pointed out by manufacturers and users in implementing this standard. ]
Corrigendum

( Puge9, Tuble 2, co1 3, 4 and 5, headings ) - Substitute the following

for the existing headings:
YIEI,I>
ELoNoATros
H.41wm1m
STRGNGTX,
Min

N/iTd
(3)

55.&7
Min

PBRC~NT
(4)

Mi n
HB
(5)

Alterations
( Page 4, clause 3.2) - Substitute the following for the existing
clause:
3.2 The steels covcrcd by this sta:tdard shall bc ordered and delivered
on the fOllOWil~g
basis:
a) Chemical composition, and
b) Tensile properties and/or hardness.
( Page 4, claclse4.1 ) -Substitute
the following for the existing
clause:
4.1 Billets, blooms, slabs and bars for forgings shall be manufactured
from killed steel made by open hearth, electric, basic osygcn, a combination of these processesor any other suitable method which will meet the
requirements of the standard.
( Page 5, clause 4.4) - Substitute the ,foilowing for the existing
clause:
4.4 The conditioning method should be so chosen that it shall not have
any injurious effects in the billet, bloom and bar. Materiai required for
forging may be conditioned to remove injuiious surface defects provided
that the following limitations shall apply:
a) Conditioning shall be allowed only in the longitudinal direction.
Conditioning in the transverse direction shall not be allowed,
except for surface inspection purposes.

b) The depth of conditioning shall not exceed 1 mm for every

15 mm of the dimension concerned subject to a maximum depth
of 20 mm.
c) The width of conditioning shall be at least four times its greatest
depth.
d) An exception is made in the case of slabs whose width is at least
twice the thickness. The depth of conditioning in the case of
slabs shall not exceed 1 mm for every 10 mm of the dimensions
concerned subject to a maximum depth of 20 mm.
e) While conditioning the material, the dimensions of product may
go below the minimum dimension permitted according to the
tolerances specified. When reduced amount of dressing than
what is permitted by such clauses b), c) and d) is required, the
extent of dressing shall be mutually agreed to between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
f) If the material is used for closed die forging, the dressing may
be allowed to such an extent that its cross sectional area as
defined by the dimensional tolerances does not go below the
minimum of the tolerance limit.
( Pape :, clause 5.2, last line ) - Substitute per section per cast for
per section .
Page 7, clause 6.1 ) -Substitute
the following for the existing
clause!
6.1 Billets, blooms, slabs and bars shall be reasonably free from any
external or internal cracks, flakes, laps, rough, jagged and imperfect edges
and other injurious surface imperfections; unless specified in the order,
After
the suitable method of parting shall be used by the manufacturer.
parting, the material shall be sufficiently straight.
If any objectionable
defects are noticed at the users end that shall be a cause of rejection and
the material shall be replaced by the manufacturer.
(Pate 9, clause 10.1, Lint! 2 ) -Delete

the words at the buyers

end .
Addendum
(Page 4, clause4.3 ) - Add the following new clause after 4.3:

4.3.1 For bloom 300 x 300 mm and larger size or its equivalent
cross sectional area, though not meeting the requirement of 4.3, may
also be supplied with prror permission from the purchaser. In case of
reduction by forging process the prior permission from the user is not
necessary provided the reduction is not lessthan 2.5 : 1.
( SMDC 21)
2
Printed

at New

India

Printing

Press.

Khurja,

India