HABIB YUDHO PRABOWO WICAKSONO / EK 3D / 07

COUNTER
Counter means enumerator, meaning or application of counter bias circuit is used for
chopping / calculate either the count is up (counter up) or counts down (counter down). For
applications in the field usually used on conveyor to the level of industry or other
applications, the hardware was counter can be used for any sensor but rather to the sensor
outputs in the form of label digital voltage such as, push button, switch proximity but not
mean it can not be used on the voltage analog as temperature, pressure and other, only
slightly less than the maximum.
TYPE OF COUNTER

Synchronous Counter
Synchronous counter has a triggering of the same clock source and composition of

flip-flop are parallel. In syncronous counter itself there are differences in the placement or
manipulation that essentially cause different gate delay time is called the carry propagation
delay. Example 7490, 7493, and etc

Asynchronous counter
As mentioned in the previous section Asynchronous counter is composed of flip-flops

that are connected in series and depends on the previous flip-flop, then spread to the flip-flop
its MSB. That's why Asynchronous counter is often referred to as the ripple-through counter.
A Counter Asynchronous (Ripple) consists of a series of flip-flop configured by connecting
the output from one to the other. The next an input signal is mounted on the first FF Clock
will change position when climbing output (Edge) correct the required detected.

Ring counter

A ring counter is a Shift Register (a cascade connection of flip-flops) with the output
of the last one connected to the input of the first, that is, in a ring. Typically, a pattern
consisting of a single bit is circulated so the state repeats every n clock cycles if n flip-flops
are used.It can be used as a cycle counter of n states. If the output of a shift register is fed
back to the input. a ring counter results. The data pattern contained within the shift register
will recirculate as long as clock pulses are applied. For example, the data pattern will repeat

every four clock pulses in the figure below. However, we must load a data pattern. All 0's or
all 1's doesn't count.

Johnson counter
A Johnson counter (or switchtail ring counter, twisted-ring counter, walking-ring

counter, or Moebius counter) is a modified ring counter, where the output from the last stage
is inverted and fed back as input to the first stage. The register cycles through a sequence of
bit-patterns, whose length is equal to twice the length of the shift register, continuing
indefinitely. These counters find specialist applications, including those similar to the decade
counter, digital-to-analog conversion, etc. They can be implemented easily using D- or JKtype flip-flops. The switch-tail ring counter, also know as the Johnson counter, overcomes
some of the limitations of the ring counter.

The Workings of Counters

Up / Down Counter is the development of a synchronous counter which combines the
functions of up counter and down counter in a series with a control to determine the counting
is done. With a range of up / down counter counting process on a journey counting can be
changed directly from the position output data will be the count up or count down. To build
an Up / Down Counter necessary synchronous counter and control circuit coupled Up or
Down processes to be carried out.
The process of counting up (count up) will occur if the input lines Up / Down was
given logic HIGH and will do the countdown (count down) if the input lines up / down is
given input LOW. In a systematic series of up / down counter is a combination between up
counter and down counter coupled with the switch system using digital logic gate NAND (in
general) as a selector.

Application Counters
Counter is a countdown clock period the amount it receives, but it also serves as a
frequency divider. Up counter part of a series of up / down counter above seems clearly
separated after input lines up / down given input logic HIGH. So obvious arrangement
synchronous 4-bit up counter at a series of up / down counter above. Then the down counter
can also be seen clearly separated after input of up / down given input logic LOW.

COUNTER

Counter means enumerator, meaning or application

of counter bias circuit is used for chopping /
calculate either the count is up (counter up) or
counts down (counter down).
For applications in the field usually used on
conveyor to the level of industry or other
applications,
the hardware was counter can be used for any
sensor
rather to the sensor outputs in the form of label
digital voltage such as, push button, switch
proximity
it can be used on the voltage analog as
temperature, pressure and other, only slightly less
than the maximum.

Synchronous Counter

Synchronous C.

a triggering of the same clock

source and composition of flip-flop
are parallel.
that essentially cause different
gate delay time is called the carry
propagation delay.
Example 7490, 7493, and etc

Ring counter

Asynchronous counter

Ring counter

A ring counter is a Shift Register (a

cascade connection of flip-flops)
with the output of the last one
connected to the input of the first,
that is, in a ring.
Typically, a pattern consisting of a
single bit is circulated so the state
repeats every n clock cycles if n
flip-flops are used.It can be used
as a cycle counter of n states. If
the output of a shift register is fed

Johnson Counter
Johnson Counter
A Johnson counter (or switchtail ring
counter,
twisted-ring
counter,
walking-ring counter, or Moebius
counter) is a modified ring counter,
where the output from the last stage
is inverted and fed back as input to
the first stage.

APPLICATION OF COUNTER
With a range of up / down counter
counting process on a journey counting
can be changed directly from the position
output data will be the count up or count
down. To build an Up / Down Counter
necessary synchronous counter and control
circuit coupled Up or Down processes to
be carried out.