Prep 16 SIMPLE SYRUP

Synonyms :
Syrupus
Sirup, Syrup
Description :
clear solution of sucrose in purified water
Uses :
sweetening agent
sweet vehicle
basis for many flavored & medicated syrup
Container : 60 ml flint bottle
Label : White
Category : Simple Syrup
Method of Preparation : Percolation
Preparation : Official
Syrup

method

concentrated aqueous solution of sugar

sucrose (any sugar substitute) in water
Simple
clear, concentrated, sweet, aqueous , hypertonic
solution w/ striations
concentration = 85% w/v or 65% w/w
sp gr = 1.313
self-preserving (tendency of preparation to
preserve itself and no need of preservatives)
Medicated
contains API
aqueous solution of sucrose
has a therapeutic effect
FeSO4 , Ipecac
Flavored / Non Medicated
contains aromatic & pleasantly flavored substance
vehicle or flavor for prescription
no API
glycyrrhiza (mask bitter taste of alkaloids) &
chocolate (flavorant)
of preparation :
solution w/ aid of heat
sucrose + water heated
rapid dissolution of sugar & other components
for heat stable substances
fast method
excessive heating = inversion (hydrolytic
reaction) of sucrose (glucose + fructose which
is sweeter but has an increase tendency to
ferment & prone to microbial growth)
Overheating = caramelize (yellow brown color)
Acacia syrup, cocoa syrup, syrup USP
solution w/o aid of heat
for heat sensitive substances
slowest & time consuming method
mixing of ingredients in large vessel
avoids heat induced inversion
FeSO4
Percolation
use of percolator or column
flow rate of the liquid (water) = 20 drops/min
flow rate controlled by use of cotton
allows passage of water slowly through bed of
crystalline sucrose (dissolve sugar)
Tolu Balsam, Simple Syrup
addition of sucrose to a medicated liquid
simple admixture of sugar to prepared liquids
(fluidextract/tincture)
not self-preserving
Senna Syrup

Simple Syrup
good syrup sp gr is not less than 1.33 &
concentration should be 85% w/v or 65% w/w
60-80% concentration = self-preserving
< 60 % prone to microbial growth
> 80% can crystalline the sucrose present

Percolation Set-Up
From bottom to top layer :

cotton

sucrose

filter paper

marbles

purified water
Erlenmeyer flask & evaporating dish to catch the syrup
Calibrate to 20 drops per minute (flow rate)
Tight cotton inhibits flow of liquid
Loose cotton sucrose will lightly flow freely

Prep 17 CHOCOLATE SYRUP

Synonyms :
Cacao Syrup
Chocolate Flavored Syrup
Description :
viscous, dark brown syrup w/ the odor & taste of
cocoa
Uses :
Flavored vehicle
Container : 15 ml narrow mouth amber bottle
Label : White
Category : Non medicated Syrup
Method of Preparation : Solution w/ aid of heat
Preparation : Official
Nonmedicated / Flavored Syrups
w/ flavoring agents
cherry syrup, glycyrrhiza, chocolate syrup
added to active medicaments/subs/ vehicles
* * consequence of boiling syrup for more than 3 mins =
inversion of sucrose
* * cocoa w/ nmt 12% non-volatile ether soluble
extractives/fat yiels syrup = min. tendency to separate
* * Na benzoate & glycerin - preservatives

Prep 18 ACACIA MUCILAGE

Synonyms :
Mucilage of Gum Acacia
Mucilage of Acaciae
Mucilage of Gum Arabic
Mucilage de gomme
Description :
thick, adhesive liquid w/ light brown color
Uses :
Demulcent
Suspending agent
Excipient in making pills & troches
Emulsifying agent (cod liver & other subs)
Container : 15 ml narrow mouth amber bottle
Label : White
Category : Mucilage

Method of Preparation : Solution w/o aid of heat

Preparation : Unofficial
Mucilage
thick, viscid, adhesive liquid
made by dispersing gum in water
may be made by extracting the mucilaginous
principle from vegetable substance w/ water
prone to decomposition
should never be made in large quantities that can
be used immediately unless preservative is added
Natural Gum : Acacia, Tragacanth, Karaya, Ghatti
Synthetic Mucilage-like : methylcellulose,
polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose