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PharDose Appendix B
Pharmaceutical Terms & Dosage Forms
Active Ingredient
medicament/drug substance/API
Aerosol
metered-dose valves
ampoule/ampule/carpule
Aromatic Water
auricular
[soft-shell]
one-piece shell
attribute of a prep
applied externally
Bead
Blocks
Bolus
C
Caplet
coated capsule
w/ film coating
Delayed-Release
enteric-coated/gastro-resistant
Dental
topical administration
modern tech
oral use
Effervescent
Elixir
oral use
Emollient
2 phase system
rectal preparation
w/ polymer coating
prolong/sustained-release
F
Film
fluffy/semisolid consistency
Gas
state of matter
no definite shape/volume
Gastro-resistant
semisolid
dentrifice + gel
clean/polish teeth
used w/ toothbrush
[metered]
pellets/pilules
chewed
[chewing]
resin + gum
H
Hard-Shell Capsule
Immediate-Release
made by compression/molding
by injection/incision
pellet
Infusion, intramammary
veterinary use
Inhalant
container : inhaler
Inhalation
route of administration
Injection
liquid/semisolid
by needle
[liposomal]
local effect
Intraocular
route of administration
Intrauterine Device
sterile soln
J
Jelly
-
gel
Liniment
alcoholic/oleaginous soln/emulsion
treat pain & stiffness of underlying musculature
Liposomes
microvesicles
bilayer or concentric series of multiple bilayers
separated by aqueous compartments (ampipathic
molecules - phospholipids) which enclose a
central aqueous compartment
Lipstick
waxy solid
colored cosmetic
stick form for the lips
Liquid
pure chemical in liquid state
not applied to soln
Lotion
fluid emulsion applied to skin
soln / susp
Lozenge
solid prep
dissolve slowly in mouth
Lyophilization
removal of water/other solvent from frozen soln
(sublimation)
freeze drying
M
Modified-Release
release pattern = deliberately changed
accelerated, delayed, extended, pulsatile &
targeted
Molded Tablet
a formed tablet (dampening the ingr then press
into mold)
Mouthwash
aqueous soln
rinse oral cavity
Nasal
-
route of administration
mucosal
deposition in the nasal cavity
local/systemic effect
O
Ocular
deposition of API w/in the eye
route of administration
Oil
unctuous, combustible subs
liquid/easily liquefiable
soluble in ether
insoluble in water
animal, mineral or vegetable oil
Ointment
semisolid prep
external application
<20% water & volatiles / >50% HC, waxes or
polyols
Ophthalmic
route of administration
sterile prep to external parts of the eye
[ointment]
sterile ointment
[preparation]
[solution]
sterile solution
[strip]
sterile single-use container
sterile impregnated paper strip
[suspension]
sterile liquid prep
P
Paste
Pastille
Patch
Pellet
-
bead
small solid dosage form
uniform, spherical shape
solid granule made by compaction, molding or
granulation
Periodontal
prep applied around a tooth for local effect
Pill
solid spherical dosage form
prepared by a wet massing technique
Plaster
solid/semisolid mass supplied on a backing
material
prolonged contact on skin
Pledget
small compress or tuft
cotton/cotton wool
disinfectant/medicament to the skin
Poultice
soft, moist mass of meal, herbs, seed
applied hot on cloth
gruel-like consistency
Powder
intimate mixture of dry, finely divided
drug/chemicals
internal/external use
[inhalation]
for oral inhalation
used w/ device that aerosolizes & delivers a
metered amt
Premix
mixture of 1 or more drug sub in suitable vehicle
Prolonged-Release
extended- release
Pulsatile Release
modified to release aliquots of the total dose
@ 2 or more time intervals
R
Radiopharmaceuticals
radioactive pharmaceuticals
subs w/ radioisotope
used for diagnostic imaging/therapy
Rectal
route of administration
mucosal
deposition into the rectum
local/systemic effect
Rinse
soln used to clean by flushing
Salve
thick ointment or cerate
fat or waxed based prep
consistency bet. ointment & plaster
Semisolid
Swab
Syrup
-
System
dosage form developed for uniform release into
the body
[intrauterine]
release of drug over a long period (a year)
[ocular]
placement in lower conjunctival fornix
[transdermal]
deliver drug through intact skin to systemic
circulation
T
Tablet
solid dosage form
w/ or w/o diluents
[chewable]
tablet that is chewed
pleasant-tasting residue
[delayed-release]
tablet w/ coating
postpone release until it passes thru the stomach
[effervescent]
mixture of acids & sodium bicarbonate
release CO2 when dissolved in water
[extended-release]
contained medication available for over an
extended period
[orally disintegrating]
disintegrates rapidly when placed under tongue
Tape, Medicated
composed of woven fabric/synthetic material
Targeted Release
deliver most of the drug to a specific region,
organ or tissue
Terminal Sterilization
process used to produce sterility in final product
Tincture
alcoholic/hydroalcoholic soln
from vegetable materials/chem subs
Topical
application to outer surface of the body
Transdermal Delivery System
[electroporation]
TDS enhanced by application of short, highvoltage electric pulses
to create an aqueous pores in the lipid bilayer of
skin
[high-velocity powder particles]
TDS using supersonic shock waves of helium gas
[iontophoresis]
TDS enhanced by use of applied electric current
[phonophoresis]
TDS enhance by application of low-frequency
ultrasound
Ultrasound, sonophresis, ultrasonophoresis,
ultraphonophoresis
Transdermal Matrix Patch
use of polymer matrix
systemic drug delivery
skin = rate-controlling membrane
Transdermal Membrane Patch
drug reservoir (semisolid dispersion/soln)
entrapped between backing & adhesive layers
Troche
lozenge
U
Urethral
for insertion into the urethra
local effect
Vaginal
deposition into the vagina
Vaginal Tablet/Insert
prepared by compression/encapsulation in soft
gelatin
Validation
prove that a process is doing what its supposed
to do & is under control
Vehicle
carrier or diluent
where liquids, semisolid or solids are
dissolved/suspended
water, syrups, elixirs, oleaginous liquids, solid &
semisolid carriers & proprietary products
Veterinary
for nonhuman use
W
Wafer
thin slice or material w/ medicinal agent
Water, Aromatic
clear, saturated aqueous soln of 1 or more
volatile oils/aromatic or volatile subs