Angelyka Cabalo 2A PH (2016-2017)

PharDose Appendix A
Definitions of Selected Drug Categories

A
Abortifacient for abortion
Abradant removes external layer (dental plaque)
Absorbent takes up other chemicals into its substance
ACE Inhibitor treats hypertension
Acidifier
[systemic] lowers internal body pH
[urinary] lowers the pH of renal filtrate & urine
Adrenergic sympathomimetic drug
Adrenocorticosteroid
[anti-inflammatory] regulates organic
metabolism ; glucocorticoid
[salt-regulating] regulate Na/K balance in body;
mineralocorticoid
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone stimulates adrenal cortex
Adsorbent binds other chemicals
Agonist activates physiological receptors & induces
biological response
Alcohol-Abuse Deterrent alters physiology, unpleasant
symptoms follow
ingestion of ethanol products
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor blocks conversion of
acetaldehyde to
acetic acid
Alkanizer
[systemic] raises the internal body pH
Alkylating Agent antineoplastic drug that attacks
malignant cells
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitor blocks the digestion of carbs
to simple sugars
Alpha Receptor Agonist activates sympathetic nervous
system
Alpha Receptor Antagonist reacts asymptomatically with
SNS
Amebicide treat amoebozoa infections
Anabolic Steroid treat catabolic disorders
Analeptic CNS stimulant & stimulate respiration
Analgesic suppresses pain perception
Androgen hormone that maintains & stimulates male
reproductive func
Anesthetic
[general] eliminates pain perception by inducing
unconsciousness
[local] eliminates pain perception in a limited
body area
[topical] effective upon application ; mucous
membranes
Anorexiant reduce appetite
Anorexic suppresses appetite
Antacid neutralizes excess gastric acid
Antagonist reacts asymptomatically w/ physiological
receptors
Anthelmintic eradicates intestinal worm infestations
Antiacne Agent combats lesions of acne vulgaris
Antiadrenergic inhibits response to sympathetic nerve
impulses
Antiamebic kills or inhibits protozoan parasites
Antiandrogen inhibits response to androgenic hormones
Antianemic treat anemia
Antianginal treat attacks of angina pectoris
Antiarrhythmic cardiac depressant; suppress rhythm
irregularities
Antiarthritic reduces joint inflammation
Antibacterial kills or inhibit pathogenic bacteria
Antibiotic kill or inhibit bacterial & infections
Anticholesterol Agent lowers plasma cholesterol level
Anticholinergic inhibits response to parasympathetic
nerve impulses

Anticholinesterase Antidote - reactivates cholinesterase

enzymes
Anticoagulant
[antagonist] opposes overdosage of
anticoagulant drugs
[for storage of whole blood] to collect blood to
prevent clotting
[systemic] slow the clotting of circulating blood
Anticonvulsant to prevent seizure, arrests convulsion
Antidepressant induces mood elevation, treat mental
depression
Antidiabetic supplies insulin or stimulates secretion of
insulin
Antidiarrheal inhibits intestinal peristalsis
Antidiuretic promotes renal water reabsorption, reducing
urine volume
Antidote
[general] reduces the effects of ingested poisons
[specific] reduces the effects of systemic poison
Antieczematic aids in control of chronic exudative skin
lesions
Antiemetic suppresses nausea & vomiting
Antineuritic aids in control of bed wetting
Antiepileptic prevents epileptic seizures
Antiestrogen inhibits the action of estrogenic hormones
Antifibrinolytic promotes hemostasis by inhibiting clot
dissolution
Antifilarial kills of inhibits pathogenic filarial worms
Antiflatulent reduces gastrointestinal gas
Antifungal
[systemic] kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi
[topical] applied externally
Antiglaucoma Agent lowers intraocular fluid pressure
Antigonadotropin inhibits anterior pituitary secretion of
gonadotropins
suppress ovarian malfunction
Antigout Agent suppresses the intense inflammatory
reaction of acute gout
Antihemophilic replaces blot clotting factors absent in
hemophilia
Antiherpes Agent treat genital herpes
Antihistaminic antagonizes histamine action ; suppress
allergy
Antihyperlipidemic lowers plasma cholesterol & lipid
levels
Antihypertensive lowers arterial blood pressure
Antihypocalcemic elevates plasma calcium level
Antihypoglycemic elevates plasma glucose level
Anti-infective
[topical/local] kills or inhibits pathogenic
microorganisms
sterilizing skin & wounds
Anti-inflammatory inhibits physiological response to cell
damage
Antileishmanial kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa
(leishmania)
Antileprotic kills or inhibits the causative agent of leprosy
Antilipemic reduces lipid levels in blood
Antimalarial kills or inhibits the causative agent of
malaria (plasmodium)
Antimanic suppresses the excitement phase of bipolar
disorder
Antimetabolite attacks malignant/pathogenic cells;
substitute for an
essential metabolite
Antimigraine Agent reduces severity of migraine
vascular headaches
Anti-Motion Sickness Agent suppresses motion-induced
nausea
Antimuscarinic inhibits symptoms mediated by
acetylcholine receptors of
visceral organs

Antinauseant suppresses nausea & vomiting

Antineoplastic attacks malignant cells
Antiparasitic eradicates parasitic arthropods, helmints &
protozoa
Antiparkinsonian suppresses neurologic disturbances
Antiperistaltic inhibits intestinal motility
Antiplatelet Agent inhibits aggregation of blood platelets
prevents heart attack
Antiprogestin suppresses the actions of progesterone
Antiprotozoal kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa
Antipruritic reduces itching
Antipsoriatic suppresses the lesions & symptoms of
psoriasis
Antipsychotic suppresses the symptoms of psychoses
Antipyretic restores normal body temp (fever)
Antiarchitic treating vit D deficiency & rickets
Antiretroviral treat infections caused by retroviruses
Antirheumatic treat arthritis & rheumatoid disorders
Antirickettsial kills or inhibits pathogenic microorganisms
(rickettsia)
Antischistosomal kills or inhibits pathogenic flukes
(schistosoma)
Antiscorbutic treating vit C deficiency & scurvy
Antiserborrheic aids in control of seborrheic dermatitis
Antisecretory reduce or inhibit gastric secretions
Antispasmodic inhibits motility of visceral smooth
muscles
Antithyroid Agent reduces thyroid hormone action
Antitreponemal kills the causative agent of syphilis
(treponema pallidum)
Antitrichomonal kills or inhibits pathogenic protozoa
(trichomonas)
Antitubercular kills the causative agent of tuberculosis
(mycobacterium tb)
Antitussive suppresses coughing
Antiviral kills or inhibits viral infections
[prophylactic] in preventing viral infections
Antixeropthalmic treating vit A deficiency & xeropthalmia
Anxiolytic suppresses symptoms of anxiety
Astringent toughen & shrink tissues
[ophthalmic] mild for the use in the eye

B
Barbiturate sedative-hypnotic drug w/ barbituric acid
moiety
Belladonna Alkaloid anticholinergic action (atropa
belladonna plant)
Benzodiazepine sedative-anxiolytic-muscle relaxant drug
Beta Receptor Agonist activates sympathetic nervous
system beta
receptors
Beta Receptor Antagonist drug that reacts
asymptomatically w/ SNS
Bisphosphonate to prevent the loss of bone mass
Bone Metabolism Regulator slows calcium turnover in
bone
treat Pagets disease
Bronchodilator expands bronchiolar airways & treat
asthma

Calcium Channel Blocker impairs the function of

transmembrane calcium channels of vascular smooth
muscle cells
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor inhibits the enzyme
carbonic anhydrase
diuresis & reduce formation of
intraocular fluid
Cardiac Depressant , Antiarrhythmic depresses
myocardial function
Cardiac Glycoside cardiotonic action (digitalis purpurea plant)

Cardiotonic increases myocardial contractile force &

treat CHF
Catecholamine Synthesis Inhibitor inhibits biosynthesis
of catecholamine
neurotransmitters
Cathartic promotes defecation that is stronger than
laxative
Caustic destroys tissue on contact ; remove skin lesions
Cauterizing Agent burns off a part of the body
(remove/close it off)
Centrally Acting Drug therapeutic effect on the CNS
Cephalosporin antimicrobial drug w/ cephalosporin
moiety
Chelating Agent binds metal ions into stable ring
structures; treat poisoning
Cholelitholytic promotes dissolution of gallstones
Choleretic increases bile secretion by the liver
Cholinergic a parasympathomimetic drug
Chrysotherapeutic contains gold ; treat rheumatoid
arthritis
Coagulant
Contraceptive
[oral] prevents conception
[topical] spermicidal agent; prevents conception
[transdermal]
[vaginal] intravaginal ring
Corticosteroid includes steroid hormones
Cycloplegic induce paralysis (eye) & dilation of the pupil

D
Decongestant
[nasal] adrenergic drug; induce vasoconstriction
Demulcent bland viscous liquid; coat & soothe
damaged/inflamed skin
Dental Caries Prophylactic reduce the incidence of
cavities
Dentin Desensitizer reduce the sensitivity of exposed
subenamel dentin
Depigmenting Agent inhibits melanin production
Detergent emulsifying agent cleanser
Diagnostic Aid determine the presence of a disease
Digestive Aid promotes digestion
Disinfectant destroys microorganisms; sterilizing
inanimate objects
Diuretic promotes renal excretion of electrolytes & water;
treat edema
Dopamine Receptor Agonist activates dopamine
receptors

Emetic induces vomiting

Emollient oil/fat; soften the skin & make it more pliable
Endothelin Receptor Antagonist blocks endothelin
receptors
Enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction
Epidermal Growth Factor stimulates cell growth
Ergot Alkaloid fungus (claviceps purpurea)
Estrogen hormone that stimulates & maintains female
reproductive organs
Expectorant increases respiratory tract secretions

F
Fecal Softener promotes defecation by softening the
feces
Fertility Agent promotes ovulation in women or
spermatogenesis in men
Fibronolytic Proteolytic hydrolyze the exudates of
infected & inflammatory
lesions

GABA Agonist stimulates GABA receptor, sedative

effects, anxioloytic &

muscle relaxant effects

Galactokinetic initiate lactation after childbirth
Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitor inhibits the secretion of
gastric acid
Gastroprokinetic increases gastrointestinal motility,
making small intestines
stronger
Glucocortcoid regulates organic metabolism & inhibits
inflammatory
response
Glutamate Inhibitor block action of glutamate
Gonadotroprin promote fertility
Growth Hormone, Human to treat growth failure

H
Heavy Metal Antagonist antidote to toxic metal poisoning
Hematinic promotes hemoglobin formation
Hematopoietic stimulates the formation of blood cells;
treat vitamindeficiency anemia
Hemorheologic Agent improves the flow properties of
blood
Hemostatic
[local] to promote clotting (bleeding surface)
[systemic] stops bleeding (systemic fibrinolysis)
Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonist antihistamine
Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist treat peptic &
duodenal ulcers
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor inhibits the rate-controlling
enzyme of the
mevalonate pathway
Hormone duplicates the action of a physiological cell
regulator
Hydantoin antiepileptic drug w/ hydantoin moiety
Hydrolytic, injectable promotes the diffusion of other
injected drugs
Hyperglycemic elevates blood glucose level
Hypnotic CNS depressant, induce sleep
Hypoglycemic condition of low blood sugar
Hypotensive

Immunizing Agent
[active] permanent but delayed protection
against infection
[passive] immediate but temporary protection
against infection
Immunoglobulin- antibody protein from blood serum;
confer passive immunity
Immunosuppressant suppress rejection of tissue grafts
Inotropic Agent increases strength of heart muscle
Ion Exchange Resin drug in GIT that takes up ions
present in a toxic amt
Irritant
[loca] induce a milk inflammatory response

K
Keratolytic toughens & protects skin

Laxative promotes defecation

Leprostatic
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist inhibits leukotrienes
that cause
inflammation in asthma, bronchitis &
constrict airways
Lipase Inhibitor reduce the activity of lipases
Loop Diuretic diuretic with renal site of action
Lung Surfactant surface-active lipoprotein complex (type
2 alveolar cells)

M
Mao Inhibitor
Metal Complexing Agent binds metal ions; treat metal
poisoning
Mineralocorticoid regulates Na/K balance
Miotic induce constriction of the pupil
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor increases catecholamine
levels of neurons
Monoclonal Antibody highly specific immunoglobulin
Mucolytic reducing the viscosity of pulmonary mucus
Muscle Relaxant
[skeletal] inhibits contraction of voluntary
muscles
[smooth] inhibits contraction of visceral smooth
muscles
Mydriatic induce dilation of the pupil

Narcotic induces action by reacting with opioid receptors

of the CNS
Narcotic Antagonist terminate the action of narcotic
drugs
Neurominidase Inhibitor blocks the function of the viral
neuraminidase
protein
Neuromuscular Blocking Agent paralyzes skeletal muscle
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug analgesic, inhibits
prostaglandin
synthesis (NSAID)

O
Opioid
Opioid Antagonist
Ovulation Stimulator stimulates hormones to release an
egg
Oxytocic stimulates uterine motility; initiate labor or
control postpartum
hemorrhage

Parasympatholytic inhibits response to parasympathetic

nerve impulses
Parasympathomimetic activates organs innervated by
the parasympathetic
nervous system
Pediculicide insecticide for eradicating louse infestations
Penicillin Adjuvant extends the systemic duration of
penicillin
Phenothiazine antipsychotic/antidepressant w/
phenothiazine nucleus
Phosphate Binder reduces the absorption of phosphate
Photosensitizer increases cutaneous response to UV light
Pigmenting Agent promotes melanin synthesis
Plasma Volume Expander maintain fluid volume of the
blood
Platelet Growth Factor platelet-rich plasma (blood
plasma) enriched w/
platelets
Platelet-reducing agent slows down platelet production
Posterior Pituitary Hormone, antidiuretic promotes renal
reabsorption of
water; treat diabetes
insipidus
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic does not induce systemic K
depletion
Potentiator enhances the action of a primary drug
Progestin stimulates the secretory phase of the uterine
cycle
Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor inhibits prostaglandin
synthesis (NSAID)
Prostaglandin class of cell regulating hormones
(arachidonic acid)

Protease Inhibitor treat/prevent infection by viruses

Proteasome Inhibitor blocks the action of proteasomes
Protectant provides physical barrier
Proteolytic, injectable reduce interdiscal pressure
Prothrombogenic treat hypoprothrombinemia of vit K
deficiency
Proton Pump Inhibitor inhibits gastric acid production
Psychedelic induces vivid sensory phenomena &
hallucinations
Psychotherapeutic treat abnormal mental/emotional
processes

R
Radiographic Agent
Radiopaque Agent help diagnose certain medical
diseases
Radiopharmaceutical w/ radioactive isotope
Rauwolfia Alkaloid antihypertensive/antipsychotic
(Rauwolfia serpentina)
Resin, electrolyte removing
Respiratory Stimulant increase action of the respiratory
system
Retinoic Acid Derivative derivative of vit A
Reverse COMT Inhibitor inhibits the action of catechol-Omethyltransferase
Rubefacient induces mild irritation w/ erythema;
toughening agent

Salt Substitute Na free alternative to NaCl used for

flavoring foods
Scabicide insecticide for the eradication of the itch mite
(sarcoptes scabiei)
Sclerosing Agent induce the fibrosis & obliteration of
varicose veins
Sedative CNS depressant; induce mild relaxation
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) stimulate
estrogen-like
action in various
tissues
Serotonin Agonist activates serotonin receptors
Serotonin Antagonist inhibits the action at serotonin
receptors
Smoking Deterrent serves to minimize the desire to
smoke
Somatostatin Analog hormone chem & function same to
somatostatin
Specific specially adapted in its indicated use
Stimulant
[central] increases the functional state of CNS
[respiratory] selectively stimulates respiration
Stool Softener soften stool by incorporation of water
Sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic w/ sulfonylurea moiety
Sunscreening Agent skin protectant; absorbs light energy
at wavelengths
that causes sunburn
Suppressant inhibits the progress of a disease but does
not cure it
Sympatholytic inhibits response to Sympathetic Nerve
impulses
Sympathomimetic activates organs innervated by SNS

Systemically Acting Drug reach systemic circulation

T
Thiazide Diuretic diuretic w/ benzothiadiazide moiety
Thrombolytic to solubilize blood blots
Thyroid Hormone maintains metabolic functions &
normal metabolic rate
Topically Acting Drug applied to body surface for local
therapeutic action
Toxoid modified antigen from an infectious organism
(vaccine)
Trace Element chem element required by living
organisms
Tranquilizer suppress an acutely disturbed emotional
state
[minor] anxiolytic drug
Tricyclic Antidepressant antidepressant w/ tricyclic
phenothiazine nucleus
Tuberculostatic

Urea Cyclic Disorder Agent treat a severe disease of

newborns in which ammonia is not correctly metabolized
in the liver
Uricosuric promotes renal exretion of uric acid; treat
chronic gout
Urinary Acidifier adjust the pH of the urine to be more
acidic
Uterine Contractant induce sustained uterine contraction
to reduce bleeding
Uterine Contraction Inhibitor inhibits uterine muscle
contraction; prolong
gestation

V
Vaccine induce active immunity against an infectious
disease
Vasoconstrictor narrows arterioles to elevate blood
pressure
Vasodilator
[coronary] expands blood vessels in the heart;
treat angina
pectoris
[peripheral] expands peripheral blood vessels,
expands blood flow
Vasopressor constrict arterioles & elevate arterial blood
pressure
Vesicant blistering agent
Vinca Alkaloid antineoplastic (Vinca rosea)
Vitamin organic chemical; supplement the vitamin
content of foods

Xanthine Alkaloid CNS, smooth muscle stimulant &

diuretic (xanthine)
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor inhibits activity of xanthine
oxidase
X-Ray Contrast Medium opaque to xrays, assist
visualization of internal
organs