ANGELYKA J.

CABALO
2A PH
PDOSE LAB 2016-2017

Prep 8 WHITE OINTMENT

Synonyms :
Unguentum Simplex
Salve
Chrisma
Simple Ointment
Description :
white, semi solid preparation that is insoluble in
water
Uses :
emollient physical effect
protect escape of moisture
used as a vehicle
RED LABEL
OINTMENT JAR
UNMEDICATED OINTMENT
OFFICIAL PREP
FUSION METHOD
Ointment

semi-solid prep

external skin & mucous membranes

method

of preparation :
levigation
mechanical incorporation by trituration
slab w/ spatula
reducing to impalpable powder to reduce
grittiness
drug material is levigated by a small quantity of
vehicle or miscible liquid (propylene glycol, light
mineral oil)
concentrate diluted geometrically
fusion
makes use of heat
heat 1st the substance w/ high melting point (wax
& spermaceti) using water bath before + soft &
oleaginous material

types of ointment bases :

Hydrocarbon bases (oleaginous bases)
cannot absorb water
petrolatum modified waxes or liquid petrolatum
non-water washable
occlusive
anhydrous
insoluble in water
benzoinated lard, olive oil, cottonseed oil
Absorption bases
hydrophilic
anhydrous or hydrous bases
ability to absorb ++ water
hydrophilic petrolatum, wool fat/anhydrous
lanolin), aquaphor, aquabase, polysorb
Water-removable bases
O/W bases
Water washable bases
Most commonly used type
Hydrophilic ointment USP, dermvase, velvachol,
unibase
Water-soluble bases
water washable
greaseless
polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol
** hydrocarbon base

Prep 9 ZINC OXIDE OINTMENT

Synonyms :
Unguentum Zinci Oxide
Zinc Oxide
Description :
white semi solid preparation
Uses :
mild astringent
protective antiseptic action
for dry skin/ skin disorders (eczema, pruritis &
psoriasis)
MEDICATED OINTMENT
RED LABEL
OINTMENT JAR
OFFICIAL PREP
LEVIGATION/MECHANICAL INCORPORATION
Unmedicated ointments
serve as vehicle for topical application

used as protective, emollient, lubricant

Characteristics of ointments :

homogenous, smooth & free from grittiness

easily spreadable

never dispensed w/ slight evidence of rancidity or

mold
Containers:

ointment jar (glass or plastic)

collapsible tubes (more preferred & less

contaminated)
** mineral oil 0.8498 density
** avoid excessive heat

Prep 10 SULFUR OINTMENT

Synonyms :
Unguentum Sulfuris
Description :
yellow semi solid preparation
Uses :
parasiticide
treat ringworm & scabies
MEDICATED OINTMENT
RED LABEL
OINTMENT JAR
OFFICIAL PREP
LEVIGATION/MECHANICAL INCORPORATION
** yellow wax is bleached to become white wax
** do not use stainless steel/iron spatula on ointments
containing free acids, iodine, mercury or tannin

Prep 11 CINNAMON WATER

Synonyms :
Aqua Cinnamon
Saigon Cassia
Casionare
Cassia Oil
Description :
clear, colorless cinnamon odor saturated aqueous
solution
Uses :
flavoring
vehicle
NON MEDICATED
UNOFFICIAL PREP
WHITE LABEL
30 ML NARROW MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE
AROMATIC WATER
DIRECT SOLUTION METHOD
Aromatic Waters
clear, aqueous solutions saturated w/ volatile oils
or other aromatic or volatile substances
free from empyreumatic (smoke-like) odor
used as flavored & perfumed vehicle
methods of preparations

direct solution method

repeatedly shaking 2g or 2ml of the volatile
substance w/ 1000 ml purified water
set aside for 12 hrs
filtered then + purified water (made to volume)
more convenient than distillation

alternate solution method

incorporating volatile oil w/ 15 g of talc or purified
siliceous earth
purified water (1000ml) is added
agitated for 10 mins
filtered

distillation
most satisfactory method
slowest & most expensive
ex. Strong Rose Water
cohobation process of repeatedly using the
distillate ( Orange/Rose flowers)
its stability :
not permanently stable
protect from excessive heat/light
deterioration due to volatilization
decomposition or mold growth producing cloudy
preparation & disagreeable odor
non-aqueous solution
hydroalcoholic alcohol (elixir)
oleaginous oil (oleovitamin)
ethanol ether (collodion)

aqueous solution
water vehicle

** talc dispersing agent (increases surface of volatile

substance ensuring more rapid saturation of water &
forms of an efficient filter bed)
** stored in light resistant bottle
** 1 ml = 20 drops

Prep 12 CONCENTRATED PEPPERMINT WATER

Synonyms :
aqua menthos piperitas
brandy water
aqua mint
Description :
odor of peppermint clear colorless aqueous
solution
Uses :
flavored vehicle
carminative
ALTERNATE SOLUTION METHOD
MEDICATED
WHITE LABEL
30 ML AMBER BOTTLE
UNOFFICIAL PREP
** solvents : ethyl alcohol & water

Prep 13 CALCIUM HYDROXIDE TOPICAL

SOLUTION
Synonyms :
Lime Water
Description :
clear colorless solution that is basic
Uses :
astringent (dermatological solutions)
SIMPLE SOLUTION METHOD
30 ML FLINT BOTTLE
TOPICAL SOLUTION
OFFICIAL PREP
RED LABEL
Solution
liquid preparations
contain one or more chemical subtances dissolved
in a suitable solvent
mixture of mutually miscible solvents
homogenous mixture
Relative Terms of Solubility
Descriptive Term
Very soluble
Freely soluble
Soluble
Sparingly soluble
Slightly soluble
Very slightly soluble
Practically insoluble or
insoluble

Parts of solvent required for

1 part of solute
<1
1-10
10-30
30-100
100-1000
1000-10,000
> 10,000

Methods of preparing solutions :

simple solution
dissolving the solute in a suitable solvent
ex. NaCl soln , Strong Iodine soln

solution by chemical reaction

reacting two or more solute w/ each other
Aluminum subacetate soln (AlSO4 + acetic acid) ,
Magnesium citrate soln (MgCO3 + citric acid) ,
Sulfurated lime soln (Ca(OH)2 + sublimed sulfur)

solution by distillation
- solute = volatile oil

solution by extraction
extractives
vegetable or animal origin
maceration
submerging the solute
no temperature
percolation
submerging solute using percolator
digestion

gentle aid of heat

material + solvent heat
not boiling
infusion
blanching
adding hot water
decoction
boil for 15 minutes

** slaking adding of water

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
1:1 proportion
** Ca(OH)2 more soluble in cold water ; basic
** water universal solvent
** filled to the brim no bubbles
** 0.07 g CaO to get 0.09g Ca(OH)2
0.09 g Ca(OH)2 x 1 mol Ca(OH)2 x
-------------------74 g
1
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3

1 x 56 g
-----1 mol CaO

(will create ppt)

Prep 14 STRONG IODINE SOLUTION

Synonyms :
Lugols Solution
Liquor Iodine
Aqueous Iodine Solution
Description :
deep brown color w/ odor of iodine
Uses :
Antiseptic
Fungicidal
Germicidal
OFFICIAL PREP
SIMPLE SOLUTION METHOD
TOPICAL SOLN
RED LABEL
15ML NARROW MOUTH AMBER BOTTLE
Strong Iodine Solution
100 ml : 4.5-5.5 iodine & 9.5-10.5 g KI
1 g of iodine dissolves in 2950 ml of water ( very
slightly soluble)
solution of polyiodies in excess iodide
antigoitrogenic
usual dose : 0.3 ml 3x a day
**
**
**
**

potassium iodide solubilizing agent ( 1st to dissolve )

porcelain spatula
iodine = volatile
tightly closed (cap liner)

Prep 15 - MAGNESIUM CITRATE ORAL

SOLUTION
Synonyms :
Lemonada Purgante
Citrate of Magnesia
Magnessi Citralis
Description :
colorless to slightly yellow clear effervescent
liquid
sweet, acidous taste & a lemon flavor
CHEMICAL REACTION METHOD
STERILIZED WIDE MOUTH FLINT BOTTLE
ORAL SOLUTION
SALINE CATHARTIC
OFFICIAL PREPARATION
WHITE LABEL
Magnesium Citrate Oral Soln
excellent medium for growth of molds
to remain stable mold spores must be killed
when added with KHCO3 after shaking popping
sound
**
**
**
**
**
**
**

calibrate a 30 ml mark
autoclave
everything wrapped in foil
anhydrous citric acid (hygroscopic)
syrup (sweetening agent)
talc (dispersing/clarifying agent)
boiled to remove bacteria