Transactions, SMiRT 21, 6-11 November, 2011, New Delhi, India

Div-V: Paper ID# 270

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHODS FOR NPP COMPONENTS

IN RUSSIAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY REGULATIONS UNDER
DEVELOPMENT
Yu.K.Spirochkin, R.S.Atroshenkov
Engineering Center of Nuclear Equipment Strength (ENES), Moscow, Russia
E-mail of corresponding author: spirochkin@rambler.ru
ABSTRACT
The paper considers requirements to analysis of dynamic loadings for nuclear power plant components
(NPP components) and dynamic analysis methods provided in regulatory documents of nuclear industry. Main part
of the paper contains comparative consideration of Russian and foreign regulatory approaches to analysis of
structural dynamics of NPP components caused by
seismic events
operational vibrations
impulsive mechanical forces due to valve functioning and hydraulic shocks
external and internal dynamic effects in accidents.
The goal of the consideration is substantiation of development of a new regulatory document which could provide
with sophisticated methods for analysis of dynamic loadings and vibrations; these methods shall meet requirements
of new projects, be compatible with existing Russian regulatory basis and harmonized with foreign approaches.
The following NPP components should be covered by dynamic analysis methods in question:
equipment and piping
equipment and piping supports
reactor vessel internals
containment shells and buildings.
As a result of the consideration, necessity of improvement of regulatory approaches to analysis of dynamic loadings
and vibrations of NPP components is determined. Development of a new regulatory document for Russian nuclear
industry: Code of Rules and Guides on Component Integrity for NPPs with WWER is described; this Code includes
an Appendix on dynamic analysis methods.
INTRODUCTION
Design of NPP components requires consideration of dynamic loads defined in design specifications. To the
category of dynamic loads belong concentrated and distributed forces and moments varying in time, which cause
vibrations of components; during vibrations, additional loads are applied to the component structure: inertia forces,
forces of internal (structural) friction, and if the structure interacts with fluid or gas, forces of resistance of this
medium.
Sources of dynamic loadings of NPP components can be the following:
seismic events
operational vibrations (including vibrations due to work of pumps and induced vibrations in coolant flow)
impulsive mechanical loads due to valve functioning and hydraulic shocks
external and internal dynamic effects in accidents (impact of airplane, missile or other projectile into
containment building, airplane crash at NPP site; air shock wave effect onto containment building; hurricane,
flood or other natural phenomena fast-developing in time; pipeline rupture; explosion inside containment, etc).
Requirements to analysis of dynamic loadings of NPP components are given in Federal Regulations and
Rules (FRR) being in force in Russian nuclear industry [1-4], ASME Code [5-7], RCC-M Rules (France) [8], KTA
Rules (Germany) [9-17], IAEA Safety Standards [18-26]. In Russia along with FRR, guidelines on strength
validation taking into account dynamic loadings are used [27-29]; they do not either enter the category of regulatory
documents or cover NPP components directly but deserve attention when considering requirements and dynamic
analysis methods. A number of regulatory documents contain along with requirements recommended dynamic
analysis methods. A comparison would be of interest between requirements to analysis of dynamic loadings for NPP

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components given in different national and international standards, as well as estimation how the methods meet
these requirements.
This paper focuses on comparison of Russian and foreign regulatory approaches to dynamic analysis of
NPP components, revelation of requirements which are not supported by reliable analysis methods now, and
determination of possibilities for solution of the problem of nonconformance between requirements and analysis
tools. The goal is substantiation of development of a new regulatory document which could establish sophisticated
methods for analysis of dynamic loadings and vibrations; these methods should meet requirements of new designs,
be compatible with existing Russian regulatory basis and harmonized with foreign approaches.
COMPARISON OF REQUIREMENTS TO ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC LOADINGS OF NPP
COMPONENTS AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHODS PROVIDED IN REGULATIONS
Effect of dynamic loading on requirements to integrity of NPP components
Dynamic loading effects on
maximal values of stresses and strains (in the form of additional components to quasi-static values of these
parameters caused by weight, pressure, temperature and other loads slow varying in time
cyclic loading parameters (in the form of additional cycles of alternating-sign stresses which can cause failures
of components)
self-untightening of bolts (due to vibration-induced decrease of friction forces)
wear of metal at contact zones of movable and (or) weakened mechanical joints (in the form of surface
crumpling, scuffing, chipping and other changes of initial geometry due to vibration-induced micro-impacts).
Requirements to integrity of NPP components shall be specified taking into account the effects above
mentioned with consideration of function, life time, structural and loading features of the component. In the
quantitative form the requirements to integrity are determined on the basis of component dynamic response
parameters obtained by dynamic analysis.
Requirements to analysis of dynamic loadings specified in regulatory documents
Consideration of regulatory documents [1-29] shows that Russian as well as foreign standards contain
requirements to analysis of dynamic loadings of NPP components in the design stage. Information how dynamic
loading cases are covered by regulatory requirements is presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Requirements to analysis of dynamic loadings in regulatory documents
Dynamic
Russian regulatory
RCC-M
IAEA Safety
ASME Code
KTA Rules
loading case
documents
Rules
Standards
Seismic
PB-88/97
Section III, Div. 1: NB
B 3130,
KTA 2201.1,
NS-G-1.2,
events
(NP-001-97)1,
3111, NB 3213, NB
B 3522,
KTA 3201.2,
NS-G-1.6,
NP-031-01,
3223,
B 3622.2,
KTA 3204
NS-G-1.9,
NP-064-05,
NB 3224.7,
B 3652
KTA 3401.2,
NS-G-1.10,
PNAE G-7-002-86
NB 3654-3656,
KTA 3407
SSG-3,
NB 3622.
SSG-9
Section VIII, Div. 2:
4.1.5.2, Table 5.1
Operational
PB-88/97
Section III, Div. 1: NB
B 3130,
KTA 3201.2,
NS-G-1.9,
vibrations
(NP-001-97)2,
3111, NB 3213, NB
B 3622.3,
KTA 3204
NS-G-1.10
PNAE G-7-002-86
3223,
B 3622.5
NB 3224.7,
NB 3654-3656, NB 3622
1

The requirement is specified in the following form in Clause 4.1.5: Systems (components) important for safety
shall be able to function as provided in design taking into account natural phenomena (earthquakes, hurricanes,
floods possible at NPP site), external technology- (human-) induced events characteristic for NPP site, and/or under
possible mechanical, thermal, chemical and other factors of design accidents.
2

The requirement is specified in general form in Clause 4.3: All components and pipelines of primary coolant
circuit of the reactor shall withstand without failures static and dynamic loads and thermal impacts emerging in any
reactor parts at all considered initial events
2

Transactions, SMiRT 21, 6-11 November, 2011, New Delhi, India

Impulsive
mechanical
loads due to
valve
functioning
and
hydraulic
shocks

PB-88/97
(NP-001-97) 2

External and
internal
dynamic
effects in
accidents

PB-88/97
(NP-001-97)1,
NP-064-05

Section VIII, Div. 2:

4.1.5.2, Table 5.1
Section III, Div. 1: NB
3111, NB 3213, NB
3223,
NB 3224.7,
NB 3654-3656,
NB 3622
Section VIII, Div. 2:
4.1.5.2, 9.A.8,
Table 5.1

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B 3130,
B 3622.1,
B 3622.3,
B 3622.4

KTA 3201.2

NS-G-1.2,
NS-G-1.9,
NS-G-1.10

B 3130,
B 3622.1

KTA 3201.2,
KTA 3401.2,
KTA 3407,
KTA 3413

NS-G-1.2,
NS-G-1.5,
NS-G-1.9,
NS-G-1.10,
NS-G-1.11
NS-G-3.1,
SSG-3

Dynamic analysis methods provided in regulatory documents

In the regulatory documents under consideration, provisions are given which regulate (in some cases in the
form of recommendations) application of certain dynamic analysis methods to NPP components (see Table 2).
Table 2 Dynamic analysis methods provided in regulatory documents
Dynamic
Russian regulatory
IAEA Safety
ASME Code
RCC-M Rules
KTA Rules
loading case
documents
Standards
Seismic
PNAE G-7-002-86:
Section III, Div. 1.
B 3652:
KTA 2201.2:
NS-G-1.6:
events
Appendix N.
methods of
methods of
methods of
response
N-1210:
seismic
dynamic
modeling
of
dynamic
spectrum method
loading
description.
analysis
for
ground
base.
analysis for
direct integration
N-1220:
methods
of
NPP
KTA
2201.3:
NPP
method.
dynamic
analysis
components.
calculation
components.
NP-031-01:
for
NPP
methods
for
response
building
spectrum method components.
N-1230: methods
structures.
direct integration
for approximation
KTA 2201.4,
method.
of damping.
KTA 3201.2:
calculation
methods for
equipment.
KTA 3204:
general
approach to
reactor vessel
internals is
dynamic
analysis.
Operational
PNAE G-7-002-86:
Section III, Div. 1.
KTA 3201.2:
vibrations
Appendix N.
calculation
estimation of
N-1300: analysis of
methods for
natural
coolant flowequipment are the
frequencies by
induced vibrations
same as under
calculations
of
tubes.
seismic loading.
determination of
N-1400. Coupled
KTA 3204:
vibration stresses
structural-fluid
general approach
by experiments
dynamics of shells.
to reactor vessel
internals is
3

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dynamic analysis.
Impulsive
mechanical
loads due to
valve
functioning
and
hydraulic
shocks
External and
internal
dynamic
effects in
accidents

KTA 3201.2:
calculation
methods for
equipment are the
same as under
seismic loading.
KTA 3201.2:
calculation
methods for
equipment are the
same as under
seismic loading.

NS-G-1.5,
NS-G-3.1:
methods of
dynamic
analysis for
NPP
components.
As it can be seen in Table 2, dynamic analysis methods for seismic loading are most developed. In all
considered standards including Russian regulatory documents [2, 4], the same analysis methods are recommended:
response spectrum method
direct integration method.
For calculation of rigid components with rigid supports (e.g. if the first natural frequency is great than 20
Hz [4]), a simplified method of equivalent static load is applicable.
Nonmandatory Appendix N to Section III, Division 1, of ASME Code [6] contains recommended methods
for analysis of dynamic response under seismic loading (Clause N-1220). In addition to above analysis methods, the
Complex Frequency Response Method is provided. Description of modal analysis method is given, which is
applicable for analysis of linear mechanical systems, and also nonlinear analysis method taking into account:
material nonlinearities (plasticity)
geometric nonlinearities (large displacements)
combination of material and geometric nonlinearities.
In RCC-M Rules, analysis methods for pipelines under seismic loading are provided: direct integration
method and modal response spectrum method as well as methods for combination of modal reactions.
In accordance with KTA 3201.2 [13], analysis of strains and stresses in equipment components can be
carried out using free body method, finite difference method, and finite element method (FEM). Description of these
methods is given in Annex B (Calculation methods) with provisions for modeling of structure geometry,
approximation of loads and boundary conditions, description of material behavior, calculation procedure and
estimation of results. In Clause 6.2.4.2.2.6.2 (Analysis procedure) of KTA 3204 [14], important provision is given
that for reactor vessel internals, generally the system analysis shall be dynamic analysis.
In IAEA Safety Standard No. NS-G-1.6 [20], Section 5, methods for modeling of seismic loads, NPP
component structures (e.g. using FEM), material behavior, and interaction with ground base are described. In
addition, recommendations are given for linear or nonlinear analysis, in frequency or time domain, and for
estimation of analysis results.
Analysis of operational vibrations is regulated by Russian standard [4] less detailed as compared with
seismic calculations. Analysis methods cover only estimation of natural frequencies of components. For obtaining
vibration parameters and vibration stresses, experimental methods are recommended. Necessary provisions and
analytical formulae for calculations are given in guidelines [27] applicable to heat exchanger tubes. They conform to
the methods described in Appendix N to ASME Code [6]. In both documents, the following processes of
hydrodynamic excitation are considered: turbulence, vortex shedding, and fluid-elastic instability. In addition, in
Appendix N [6], the methods are given for analysis of coupled fluid-shell dynamics (N-1400) and combined
dynamic responses caused by several loading sources (N-1700). In Appendix N, Clause N-1500 Fluid Transient
Dynamics is provided but it is under development now.
In RCC-M Rules there is not information about analysis methods for operational vibrations. Provisions of
KTA 3201.2 [13] and KTA 3204 [14] for seismic analysis are applicable to analysis of operational vibrations. In the
considered IAEA documents, recommendations on analysis of operational vibrations have not been found.

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Methods for analysis of dynamic response of NPP components on impulsive mechanical loads due to valve
functioning and hydraulic shocks are not regulated in Russian nuclear industry now. In accordance with guidelines
for conventional industries [29], strength analysis of steel pipelines shall be carried out taking into account loads due
to hydraulic shocks. The document includes a simplified method for such analysis.
Appendix N provides Clause N-1600 Miscellaneous Impulsive and Impactive Loads, but it is not
developed. In RCC-M Rules, methods for analysis of dynamic response of NPP components on impulsive
mechanical loads are absent. KTA 3201.2 [13] provides for analysis of dynamic response on impulsive mechanical
loads the same methods as for seismic analysis. In the considered IAEA documents, recommendations on analysis of
impulsive mechanical loads have not been found.
Methods for analysis of dynamic response of NPP components on external and internal dynamic effects in
accidents are not regulated in Russian nuclear industry as well. Amongst foreign standards, methods for analysis of
dynamic response at such events are considered in KTA 3201.2 [13], where the same methods are provided as for
seismic events, and in IAEA Safety Standards NS-G-1.5 [19] and NS-G-3.1 [24]. The lasts contain
recommendations on application of FEM taking into account simulation of high-frequency components of the
response (above 20 Hz), increase of yield stress under high-speed loading, and also provision about necessity of
sensitivity analysis of response values to variation of input data.
Comparison result: necessity of improvements of regulatory approaches to dynamic analysis of NPP
components
As consideration of regulatory documents of Russian nuclear industry shows, they contain requirements to
analysis of dynamic loadings of NPP components at all considered initial events both natural and human-induced.
But these requirements are specified in a too general form; their applicability to certain loading cases as well as to a
certain category of NPP components is not clearly defined. Despite of these requirements, part of them relating to
impulsive mechanical loads and dynamic loads in external or internal accidents is not supported in Russian nuclear
regulations by analysis methods; recommendations on analysis of such loading cases are absent. Some relevant
methodology provisions are given in foreign regulatory documents, e.g. KTA Rules and IAEA Safety Standards.
Description of analysis methods for seismic loading and operational vibrations without FEM seems
obsolete. For analysis of operational vibrations, adoption of methodology provisions given in guidelines of Russian
conventional industries [27, 29] and in Appendix N to ASME Code [6] can be recommended (which cover steam
generators now); improvements of these provisions are needed taking into account various NPP components, and
introduction of numerical analysis methods: FEM and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
Analysis methods for dynamics of NPP components under impulsive mechanical loads due to valve
functioning and hydraulic shocks, external and internal dynamic effects in accidents are needed to be developed. In
some cases, adoption of general methodology provisions of KTA Rules [13] and IAEA Safety Standards [19, 24] is
possible.
Based on the comparison, necessity exists to develop a new regulatory document, which could provide with
sophisticated analysis methods for dynamics of NPP components, meet requirements to project optimization, be
compatible as far as possible with existing Russian regulatory basis and harmonized with foreign approaches.
REVIEW OF A NEW RUSSIAN DRAFT STANDARD ON DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHODS
Development of new regulatory basis for Russian nuclear industry
Some years ago an improvement of Russian regulatory basis began. The first result of this work became
Code of Rules and Guides on Supports for Elements of NPPs with WWER (SPiR-O-2008) issued 2008 [30]. New
approaches to integrity maintenance, offered in this document, have been presented at SMiRT 20 [31].
Now, against the order of the Concern Rosenergoatom, Engineering Center of Nuclear Equipment
Strength carries out development of a more powerful regulatory document, which shall cover all components of
NPPs with WWER: Code of Rules and Guides on Component Integrity for NPPs with WWER. In the frame of this
Code, a nonmandatory Appendix (a standard in its own way) is provided under the name Dynamic analysis
methods for NPP components. Completion of the Code is planned for 2013. The Appendix on dynamic analysis
methods is harmonized with relevant foreign regulatory documents and IAEA Safety Standards.
Contents of a draft standard on dynamic analysis methods
Draft Appendix Dynamic analysis methods for NPP components includes the following sections:
1 Introduction
2 Scope
5

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3 Regulations referred to in this document

4 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
5 Generalities
(Effects of dynamic loadings on requirements to integrity of NPP components; principles of dynamic analysis;
dynamic equilibrium equations; modeling of the structure; description of damping, nonlinearities, structure-fluid
interaction; solution methods for dynamic equilibrium equations)
6 Analysis of seismic loading
(Description of seismic loading; modeling of ground base; calculation and estimation of dynamic response
parameters)
7 Analysis of operational vibrations
(Sources of operational vibrations, model of vibration loading, calculation and estimation of vibration parameters at
turbulent pulsations in coolant flow, vortex shedding, fluid-elastic instability)
8 Analysis of impulsive mechanical loadings due to valve functioning and hydraulic shocks
9 Analysis of external and internal dynamic loadings of extreme character except earthquakes
(Impact of airplane, missile or other projectile into containment building; airplane crash at NPP site; air shock wave
effect onto containment building; effects of natural phenomena fast-developing in time; pipeline rupture; explosion
inside containment, and other extreme effects)
10 Consideration of dynamic loading at integrity validation for NPP components
(Contribution of dynamic response analysis into strength validation; estimation of vibration impact upon selfuntightening of bolts, estimation of vibration-induced wear)
11 Validation of dynamic analyses by experiments
12 Monitoring of vibrations and vibration-induced wear during operation
(Determination of model of vibration loading; determination of structural health of components).
Principles of dynamic analysis
Dynamic analysis is aimed at determination of:
dynamic characteristics of NPP component structures (divided or included in a system)
forced vibration parameters (frequencies and amplitudes of vibrations) of components in dynamic loading cases
dynamic loads applied to a certain component at vibrations, and also from this component to other parts of a
system.
Dynamic analysis is carried out for that components, which integrity (structural health) can be sufficiently
effected by dynamic loads. Generally, dynamic response of the component shall be analyzed in the frame of the
system, which it enters, taking into account that mechanical interaction with other parts can effect upon its
vibrations. For example, equipment components and pipelines enter the system of building, pressurized vessel
internals enter the system of reactor, etc.
Dynamic analysis includes:
generation of mathematical model of the component, describing basic features of its dynamic response under
loading in question
approximation of interaction of the component with other parts of the system (in the form of boundary
conditions, or through modeling of these parts and connections, or by means of added parameters of external
and/or internal medium, etc.)
modeling of external dynamic loads
calculation of dynamic characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of the component
verification and if needed correction of the built mathematical model of the component based on available
experimental data
approximation of damping
calculation of dynamic response of the component under external dynamic loading
interpretation of dynamic response parameters when specifying requirements to integrity of the component.
Mathematical model of NPP component is a system of differential equations simulating its dynamic
response under external loading, or dynamic equilibrium equations. Coefficients of the left side of these equations
describe elastic, inertia, and damping properties of the component. When analyzing dynamic loading in operation
stage, these coefficients shall take into account actual technical condition of the component within the considered
period of operation. Using FEM, dynamic equilibrium equations may be described in the increment form convenient
for nonlinear problems:

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..

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M t ,t t {x}t t C t ,t t {x}t t K t ,t t {x}t t

{F }t t

(1)
where inertia [M], damping [C], and stiffness [K] matrices are determined for the time interval (t, t+t);
{x}, {

..

x }, { x } are column vectors of nodal displacements, velocities and accelerations;

{F} is column vector of nodal forces representing external loading as function of time;
{x}t+t = {x}t+t - {x}t, etc.
Interaction of the component with other parts of the system can be approximated by different ways in
dependence of effect of these parts on dynamic response, accuracy of available input data, and requirements to
accuracy of dynamic analysis itself. For example, interaction with heavy and rigid parts, which does not result in
appearance of new modes as compared with partial vibrations of the component, is taken into account as a rule in the
form of boundary conditions. If mechanical connections with other parts cause considerable change in the
component response spectrum, then modeling of these parts is needed (may be simplified).
Structure-fluid interaction in the case of small vibrations of a structure in incompressible fluid can be taken
into account in matrices [M] and [C] by means of added mass and added damping. Methods for determination of
added parameters for components of simple analytical shapes are presented in a number of documents, e.g. [6, 27].
For analysis of vibrations of a complex shaped structure, e.g. core barrel of the reactor, a method described in [32]
can be used. Generally, hydrodynamic forces effecting on reactor vessel internals in coolant flow enter the righthand side of eq. (1); determination of these forces can be carried out by CFD methods see, for example [33].
Modeling of external dynamic loads is carried out using available time-history functions for forces and
moments, which are introduced in the right site of dynamic equilibrium equations.
Dynamic characteristics: natural frequencies and mode shapes of the component divided or included in a
system are calculated by solution of the eigen value problem for the built mathematical model. After calculation of
natural frequencies and mode shapes, a verification of the model can be carried out based on available experimental
data. If these data are absent, verification is carried out on the basis of physical criteria and analysis of sensitivity of
the calculated dynamic characteristics to variation of elastic and inertia properties of the component.
In Draft Appendix, approximation of damping (methods of modeling and damping values) are described.
Dynamic response of the component under external dynamic loading is calculated by solution of dynamic
equilibrium equations. In dependence on features of analyzed dynamic response and approximation of
nonlinearities, different forms of these equations and solution methods are used. For example, for solution of
nonlinear problems in the incremental form (1), step-by-step time integration methods in combination with iteration
algorithms are used. Based on used form of dynamic equilibrium equations, kinematic or force parameters of the
component response are obtained as functions depending on time or vibration frequency. When specifying
requirements to integrity of the component, transformation of one type of these functions into another can be needed
as well as extraction of mean and extreme values, filtration within certain frequency band, reduction to equivalent
sequence of loading cycles, etc. In Draft Appendix, recommended methods for interpretation and transformation of
dynamic response in either form adequate to established requirements are given.
CONCLUSION
Russian and foreign regulatory documents used in nuclear industry include requirements to analysis of
dynamic loadings of NPP components caused by natural and human-induced events. Despite of these requirements,
part of them relating to impulsive mechanical loads and dynamic loads in external or internal accidents is not
supported by analysis methods in any existing standard in the whole extent. Hence in Russian nuclear industry, a
new regulatory document is under development; it is intended to meet requirements of new designs, be compatible
with existing Russian regulatory basis and harmonized with foreign approaches.
REFERENCES
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2002 (in Russian).
[3] Analysis of External Natural and Technogeneous Effects on the Objects of Nuclear Energy Use (NP-06405)/ Federal Regulations and Rules in the Area of Nuclear Energy Use. Moscow, 2005 (in Russian).

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[4] Strength Design Code for Components and Pipelines of Nuclear Power Facilities (PNAE G-7-002-86/
Gosatomenergonadzor of USSR. Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1989 (in Russian).
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[6] 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. Section III. Division 1 Appendices. Nonmandatory
Appendix N. Article N-1000. Dynamic Analysis Methods.
[7] 2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code. Section VIII. Division 2. Alternative Rules. Rules for
Construction of Pressure Vessels.
[8] RCC-M. Design and Construction Rules for Mechanical Components of PWR Nuclear Islands. Section 1
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[9] KTA 2201.1. Design of Nuclear Power Plants against Seismic Events; Part 1: Principles (June/1990).
[10]KTA 2201.2. Design of Nuclear Power Plants against Seismic Events; Part 2: Subsurface Materials
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[11] KTA 2201.3. Auslegung von Kernkraftwerken gegen seismische Einwirkungen; Teil 3: Auslegung der
baulichen Anlagen/ Entwurf (Juni 1990).
[12]KTA 2201.4. Design of Nuclear Power Plants against Seismic Events; Part 4: Requirements for Procedures
for Verifying the Safety of Mechanical and Electrical Components against Earthquakes (June/1990).
[13]KTA 3201.2. Components of the Reactor Coolant Pressure Boundary of Light Water Reactors; Part 2:
Design and Analysis (06/96, incl. Rectification from BAnz 129, 13.07.00).
[14]KTA 3204. Reactor Pressure Vessel Internals (6/98).
[15]KTA 3401.2. Steel Containment Vessels; Part 2: Analysis and Design (6/85).
[16]KTA 3407. Pipe Penetrations through the Reactor Containment Vessel (06/91).
[17]KTA 3413. Determination of Loads for the Design of a Full Pressure Containment Vessel against Plantinternal Incidents (June 1989).
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[20]IAEA Safety Standards Series. Seismic Design and Qualification for Nuclear Power Plants. Safety Guide
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[22]IAEA Safety Standards Series. Design of Reactor Containment Systems for Nuclear Power Plants. Safety
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[23]IAEA Safety Standards for Protecting People and Environment. Protection against Internal Hazards other
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[24]IAEA Safety Standards Series. External Human Induced Events in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Power
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[25]IAEA Safety Standards for Protecting People and Environment. Development and Application of Level 1
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[26]IAEA Safety Standards for Protecting People and Environment. Seismic Hazards in Site Evaluation for
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[27]RTM 108.302.03-86. Steam Generators for NPPs. Calculation of Vibrations of Heat Exchanger Tubes
(1988, in Russian).
[28]RD 10-249-98. Strength Design Code for Stationary Boilers and Steam and Hot Water Pipelines (2001, in
Russian).
[29]RTM 38.001-94. Guidelines for Strength and Vibration Analysis of Technological Steel Pipelines (1994, in
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[30]Code of Rules and Guides on Supports for Elements of NPPs with WWER (SPiR-O-2008)/ Engineering
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[31]S.V. Evropin, A.E. Obushev, Yu.K. Spirochkin, A.V. Petrenko. Guidelines and Dataware for Life Cycle
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[32]Spirochkin, Yu.K. Finite Element Modeling of Structural Dynamics for Shells Interacting with Thin Fluid
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Simulation of Physical and Mechanical Processes. Moscow, 1998, Issue 58, pp. 110-121 (in Russian).

Transactions, SMiRT 21, 6-11 November, 2011, New Delhi, India

Div-V: Paper ID# 270

[33]Anderson, John D. Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Basics with Applications. McGraw-Hill Science,
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