Dynamic synthesis added value

VDG
VDG // Methodes
Methodes
7,8,9
7,8,9 june
june 2006
2006

Dynamic synthesis added value

The dynamic synthesis

Global thought on the evaluation and the management

of field reserves

Performed independently or previously to any reservoir

modelling

Whatever the phase :

- Appraisal or Development

VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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Dynamic synthesis added value

A work flow example

Geophysics
Structural Uncertainties

Monitoring (W ell Tests)

Dynamic Synthesis

Log analysis

Material Balance

Probabilistic OOIP
calculations

Geomodeleur

Geology

GEOLOGICAL SCHEME

RESERVOIR MODEL
i. e. static 2D/3D gridded model
OOIP and OGIP calculations

Petrophysics

PVT + Geochemistry

Deterministic
and/or

W ell analysis

stochastic approach
(GEOSTAT)

Productivity studies

Probabilistic Reserves

DYNAMIC MODEL
History matching

Mini-3D

GWELL

Architecture & constraints

DYNAMIC MODEL
Previsionnal

Petrophysics special
measurem ents

Economy

FDP
ACTION

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Phenomenologic
Models

Phenomenologic
Models

Dynamic synthesis added value

Prior to the reservoir modelling

A dynamic synthesis phase

Data gathering
Synthesis of the Static and Dynamic data ; consistency
Identification of the sensitive parameters the pertinent
heterogeneities, and the main mechanisms of recovery
note that the fundamental (useful) heterogeneity is the
one which condition the dynamic, so the recovery factor
and the reserves

Identification of missing 3G data (pressure measurements,

petrophysical data ) to better appreciate the interest in new

data acquisitions

VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis

Related to production mecanisms

Combination of microscopic effects :

F Viscous forces
F Capillary forces
F Gravity forces

Applied at the field scale

With a strong influence of :
F The heterogeneities (permeability contrasts, barriers )
F And the fluids

VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Production mecamisms
mecamisms

2 families

The natural ones :

Oil or Gas depletion
Aquifer drive, solution gas expansion, gas cap expansion

The artificial one :

Water injection
Gas injection (unmiscible and miscible)
Steam, Co2, polymers ... injection

VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Production mecamisms (2)

Usual language :
F Depletion
F Dissolved gas expansion
F Water flooding :
Aquifer drive (edge, bottom)
Water injection

F Gas flooding :
Unmiscible
Miscible

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis scales

The 3 scales :
F The well :

(dm)
Logs, cores

F The drainage area :

(few meters to few hms)

Well Tests

F The field :

(km)
Depositional Model
Production Histories

VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis basic data

The basic data for the Dynamic Synthesis :

F Pressure measurements (initial pressure profiles (RFT,
MDT) and static pressures

F Contacts and saturation monitoring

F Production data (with phase by phase flows)

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis

Objectives :
(Dynamic Synthesis needs a production history)

F Verifying if the objectives of a planed study (for

a complementary development) are adapted to our

understanding of the reservoir performance

F Verifying alternative production strategies

F Checking coherency between :
Static data
Production data
F Understanding the reservoir behaviour

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis

Objectives (following) :
F Confronting static data and production data :
E.G. OOIP from geology versus OOIP from material
balance

F Identification of missing or erroneous data, ahead

from the modelling

F Allowing for correction or acquisition :

E.G. relative permeability experiments to cover
important facies

F Early preparation and validation of the data (PVT )

F Improving the study quality
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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis

Methodology :
F Understanding the reservoir behaviour
From investigation of all available production data
F Identification of key parameters
From petrophysics, fluids, geology...
F Evidencing relevant geological heterogeneities
E.G. permeability contrasts, sub-seismic faults ...
F Adapting reservoir characterisation and modelling
these heterogeneities

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis

Tool :
MBAL (Material Balance) Model

F Matching the field behaviour with respect to :

The OOIP and OGIP
The cumulative oil, gas and water productions
The pressure evolution during production
The fluid interface changes and the aquifer activity
With reliable PVT data
F Validation of fundamental data for the next studies
F Identification of the each fluid contribution (gas drive,
water drive ...) to the field production mechanism

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Production mechanisms

Energy diagram
Principle :
- What is extracted from the reservoir is compensated either by pressure variation or water influx
- It is based on equality of fluid and porous volumes at reservoir conditions, and calculates the
pressure evolution linked to variations of volume and fluid compressibility
Drive Mechanism

Contribution of each mecanism

to system dynamics

For an oil reservoir, the material

balance is respected when this
equation is verified :

water injection
Pore volume compressibility

0,75

F = N x Et + We
Fluid expansion

F = off-take in reservoir conditions

0,5

N = OIIP (standard condition)

Et = fluids expansion

0,25

0
01/05/1988

We = aquifer inlets in reservoir conditions

16/07/1990

30/09/1992

15/12/1994

01/03/1997

Time (date d/m/y)

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Pressure history matching
Production Simulation - Qahar
400

Tank Pressure
History
OOIP = 9.34 MSm3
OOIP = 7 MSm3
OOIP = 12 MSm3

Tank Pressure (bar)

360

320

280

240
01/11/1994

09/04/1995

16/09/1995

22/02/1996

Time (date d/m/y)

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31/07/1996

Dynamic synthesis added value

Pressure history matching
With an without an Aquifer :
Ro/Ri

Q(tD) versus tD - Radial Aquifer - Jaffra

Production Simulation - Jaffra

Pressure
evolution

Radial Aquifer

1000

320

Pressure history

67 8910
45

20.00
10.00

2
1

280

6.00

Q(td)

10

With Aquifer

4.00
3.00

Q(tD)

Pressure

Tank Pressure (bar)

(bars)

100

2.00

240
0,1

0,01
0,001

0,01

0,1

200

Without Aquifer
160
01/02/1992

30/09/1993

31/05/1995

27/01/1997

27/09/1998

Date

Time (date d/m/y)

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Tank Temperature
Tank Pressure
Tank Porosity
Connate Water Saturation
Water Compressibility
Formation Compressibility
aq
Initial Gas Cap
Oil in Place
Production Start

117,5
307,6
0,14
0,15
3,625e-5
4,93e-5
0
52,95
01/02/1992

10

td

tD
(degrees C)
(bar)
(fraction)
(fraction)
(1/bar)
(1/bar)

K = 1500 mD
(MSm3)
Ro/Ri = 18.8(date
d/m/y)

100

1000

10000

Aquifer Model Hurst-van Everdingen

Aquifer System Radial Aquifer
Outer/Inner Radius
18,7901
3,39903 (degr
Encroachment Angle
29596,5 (Mm3)
Calc. Aquifer Volume
1484,56 (md)
Aquifer Permeability
122 (m)
Tank Thickness
3000 (m)
Tank Radius

Ri = 3000 m
h = 122 m

Dynamic synthesis added value

Material balance forecasts
Production Simulation - Qahar Rutbah S-E
3075

3075

WOC & GOC (m)

Location of contacts
3150

3150

3225

Q1
06
3225

3300

3300

Gas Oil Contact

Qw=0
Qw=cst=28000b/d
Qw=cst, Q103=6000b/d
Oil Water Contact
Qw=0
Qw=cst=28000b/d
Qw=cst, Q103=6000b/d

# Tested scenarios
3375
01/11/1994

01/04/1996

31/08/1997

30/01/1999

Time (date d/m/y)

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3375
01/07/2000

Dynamic synthesis added value

Productivity studies as an help for dynamic
synthesis or fluid flow simulations

Objectives :
F To give a well by well behaviour diagnosis
F To give IP maps (with potential input for the permeability
field)

F To validate of the well performances to input in the

fluid flow simulation

F As a monitoring tool

Tool : PROSPER

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Dynamic synthesis added value

The dynamic synthesis phase

How can we optimise our final recovery to assess the best

production strategy ?

Natural depletion :
F Expected monophasic or diphasic expansion with or
without water imbibition or gravity drainage

Water injection :
F Positive if rock is water wet and good water effective
permeability

Gas injection :
F Positive if good gravity potential and large block
height, possible diffusion matrix-joints if differences
in phase component composition
VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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Dynamic synthesis added value

Dynamic synthesis added value

a GOOD KNOWLEDGE
of the
PRODUCTION MECHANISMS
and the
FIELD DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR
Input of 2G&R synthesis to define the key heterogeneity

VDG / Methodes 7,8,9 june 2006

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