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(IPRD)

'DZifbm 31? 2016

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h yk if ef; (progressive firm) jzpfzkdYvdkovdk pD;yGm;a&;usihf0wf (business ethic) vnf; jynhfpHk&rnfjzpfonf/
GSC ESihf xJxJ0if0ifaygif;pyfvkyfudkifvkdonfh
pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;wkid ;f vku
d ef m&rnfh aqmify'k f ]wpfO;D
wnf;&yfwnfxw
k v
f yk jf cif;tpm; aygif;pnf;xkwv
f yk f
d xl;tav;xm;vku
d f
jcif; join-instead-of-build} ukt
em&rnfjzpfonf/ ,aeYjynfwiG ;f pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;&Sif
rsm; Edik if w
H umvkyif ef;rsm;ESifh ,SONf yKd iEf ikd af &;twGuf
awGUBuHKae&onhftcuftcJrsm;teuf t&if;tESD;
enf;yg;jcif; oH;k cJo
h nhef nf;ynm edru
hf sjcif;? xkwu
f ek f
t&nftaoG;edru
hf sjcif;ESifh aps;uGu&f &S&d efcufcjJ cif;
ponfwdkYjzpfonhf/ tqdkygtcuftcJrsm; ausmfvTm;
Edik af &;twGuf vkyif ef;wl (xkwu
f ek w
f )l onhf vkyif ef;
rsm; aygif;pnf;jcif;onf txufygtcuftcJrsm;
twkdif;twmwpfcktxd ajz&Sif;Ekdifonhftjyif xkwf
vkyfrIt&G,ftpm; BuD;vmrIrS economies of scale
[kac:onhf ysrf;rQxkwfvkyfrIp&dwfusonhf tqihf
a&muf&SdEdkifjcif;aMumihfvnf; aps;EIef;,SOfNydKifrIudk
jyKvkyfEkdifrnfjzpfonf/ qufvufNyD; EkdifiHwum
vkyfief;&Sifaygif;pnf;jcif;udk qufvufBudK;pm;&rnf
jzpfNyD; odkYrSomt&if;tESD;? enf;ynm? pDrHtkyfcsKyf
rIESihf aps;uGuf&&SdrI ponfwdkY&&Sdvmrnfhtjyif enf;
ynmvTJajymif;vmrIESihf jynfwGif;vkyfief;rsm;vnf;
wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;vmrnfjzpfonhftwGuf ,aeY globalization acwf jynfwGif;vkyfief;rsm; urmhxkwf
vkyfrIvrf;aMumif; pepfxHodkY0ifEkdifav pD;yGm;a&;wdk;
wuf r I jref a vyif j zpf o nf / wpf z uf w G i f v nf ;
d q
f ufonhf Edik if w
H um
vkyt
f m;pl;pdu
k o
f ;kH GSC ESicfh sw
vkyfief;BuD;rsm; wdk;yGm;vmjcif;jzihf tvkyftudkifopf
rsm; tHkESihfusif;ESihf ay:aygufvmrnfjzpfonf/
aygifpnf;Edkifonhf enf;vrf;rsm;

Edik if w
H umxkwv
f yk rf v
I yk if ef;Bu;D rsm;ESifh aygif;pnf;
Ekid o
f nfeh nf;vrf;rsm;udk vkyif ef;&Siw
f ikd ;f tao;pdwf
od&Sd&ef vkdtyfNyD;rnfonhfenf;vrf;jzihf aygif;pnf;
Ekdifrnfudk tpOfBudK;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrI
Oya'u cGihfjyKxm;aom tusdK;wlzufpyfvkyfief;
(joint - venture) rsm;wGif aygif;pyfvkyfudkifjcif;udk
trsm;qH;k awGU&avh&o
dS nf/ urmay:wGif FDI trsm;
qHk;vufcH&&Sdxm;onfh wkwfEkdifiHwGif trsm;pkudk
jynfwiG ;f vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;ESifh aygif;pyfjyKvyk af pjcif;jzihf

,cktcgvkyfief;rsm; tbufbufrS wkd;wufvmcJhNyD

jzpfonf/ tu,f zufpyfvyk Ef idk o
f nfh tcGit
hf a&;r&
cJhvQif EdkifiHwumvkyfief;BuD;wGif vkdtyfonfhxkwf
vkyfrItpdwftydkif;rsm;ukd uefxdkufpepfjzihfvnf;
aumif;? wpfqihcf u
H efxku
d pf epfrsm;jzihf aygif;pnf;Ekid f
&ef BudK;pm;&rnfjzpfonf/ EkdifiHwumvkyfief;BuD;
rsm;taejzihf tif;tm;BuD;rm;aomfvnf; jynfwGif;
tajctaersm;ESiyfh wfouf jynfwiG ;f vkyif ef;&Sirf sm;
u tm;omcsurf sm;yd&k o
dS nft
h wGuf aygif;pnf;vkMd u
jcif;jzpfonf/ xkjYd yif Ekid if w
H umukrP
rD sm;\ jynfwiG ;f
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? EkdifiHwumemrnfBuD; brand
ukefpnfrsm; jynfwGif;a&mif;csEkdif&ef aygif;pyfvkyf
ukdifjcif; (franchise business) ponfwdkYjzpfonf/
qkdcJhonfhtwkdif; EkdifiHwumvkyfief;BuD;rsm;ESihf
aygif;pnf;Ekdifa&;twGuf vkyfief;&Sifwkdif; taygif;
vuPmjyonhf wkd;wufrI&Sdap&ef vkyfaqmif&rnf
jzpfonf/ rdrdvkyfief;ESifhywfouf tcsdefESihftrQ
ajymif;vJaeonfh xkwfvkyfrI? enf;ynm? aps;uGuf
tajctae? pm;oH;k olBuKd uEf pS o
f ufr?I Edik if w
H umpHcsed f
pHTef;rsm;od&rnfhtjyif rdrdvkyfief;\ tm;omcsuf?
tm;enf;csurf sm; tpOfavhvmNy;D ydrk w
kd ;kd wufap&ef
vkyaf qmif&rnfjzpfonf/ xkt
Yd wGuf Bu;D yGm;vdak om
vkyif ef;&Siw
f idk ;f ynm&Sirf sm;\ tqkt
d rdejYf zpfonhf ]ydrk kd
avhvm ydak umif;atmifvyk f ]learn more, serve better}

xkwfukefwefzdk;jrihfwufavyifjzpfonf/ rdrdxkwf
ukefESihfywfouf tmrcHjcif;? wm0ef,ljyifqif
ay;jcif;? topfvaJ y;jcif;ponfh after sales service
rsm;rsm;vkyfjcif;jzihf 0,f,lpm;oHk;olrsm;\ ,HkMunf
rIjrifhwufvmapNyD; xkwfukefemrnfaumif; (brand
name) &&SdvmapaomaMumihf vkyfief;wkd;wufrIudk
jrifhrm;aponf/ xkdokdY jzpfvmvQif EkdifiHwumvkyf
ief;BuD;rsm;ESihf aygif;pyfvkyfukdifEkdifonfhtqifh
a&muf&EdS idk o
f vdk jynfwiG ;f aps;uGuw
f pfppk nf;OD;wnf
a&mif;csonfv
h yk if ef;tqifrh S Ekid if w
H umaps;uGuo
f Ykd
OD ; wnf a &mif ; csEk d i f o nf h v k y f i ef ; jzpf v mjcif ; jzih f
pOfqufrjywfwkd;wufrIudk azmfaqmifEkdifrnfjzpf
onf/ xdjYk yifvyk if ef;&Siw
f ikd ;f rMumrDyiG v
fh mrnhf vkyif ef;
opfrsm; vkyfudkifEkdif&ef avhvmjcif;? BudKwifjyifqif
jcif ; wd k Y u d k txl ; tav;xm;vk y f a qmif & rnf j zpf
onf/
wpfOD;csif;wkd;wufrIrSonf wkdif;jynfwkd;wufrI

jynfow
l pfO;D csi;f wk;d wufrrI &Sb
d J wkid ;f jynfw;dk wuf
rI rjzpfEkdifay/ wpfOD;csif; trSefwu,fajymif;vJwkd;
wufaeNyDvm;? EkdifiHwumxkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;BuD;
rsm;? 0efaqmifrv
I yk if ef;rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufvyk u
f idk &f ef
tqifoihjf zpfaeNyv
D m;? rMumrDyiG v
hf if;vmawmhrnfh
tvkyt
f udik t
f cGit
fh vef;rsm;odaeNyv
D m;? tqkyd gvkyf
ief;BuD;rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufvkyfukdif&efvdktyfonfh

jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;udk t"duarmif;ESifonhf
jynfolrsm;\ wdk;wufrIudkazmfaqmifonhf
BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIESihf
tjyKoabmaqmifonhf yl;aygif;yg0ifrIr&SdvQif
pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufrI azmfaqmifEdkifrnfr[kwf ...

qdkonfukd vufawGUvdkufem usifhoHk;&rnfjzpfonf/

owif;tcsufenf;ynmacwfjzpf vkyfief;&Sif
wkdif; IT enf;ynmtajccHoHk;wwfap&ef jyifqif&
rnfjzpfonf/ odrYk o
S m tcsed Ef iS w
fh pfajy;nD ajymif;vJae
onfh owif;tcsut
f vufrsm;udk taumif;qH;k toH;k
csNyD; rdrdvkyfief; wkd;wufatmif vkyfaqmifEdkifrnf
jzpfonf/ EdkifiHwumESihfaygif;pnf;vkyfudkifrnfh
vkyif ef;&Siw
f idk ;f t*Fvyd b
f mompum;ajymqdak &;om;
wwf&efvo
kd vdk urmph ;D yGm;a&;tajctaeESifh ajymif;
vJrrI sm;? Edik if w
H umukeo
f ,
G af &; vkyx
f ;kH vkyef nf;rsm;?
b@ma&;ESihf tmrcHvkyfief;rsm;? EkdifiHwum t&nf
taoG; pHcsed pf
H eT ;f owfrw
S cf surf sm; ponfukd od&rnf
jzpfonf/
xkdYtwl vkyfief;wpfckatmifjrifwkd;wufap&ef
twGuf rdrx
d w
k u
f ek f (odrYk [kw)f 0efaqmifru
I kd wefz;kd
ydrk jkd ri w
hf ifay;Ekid o
f nfeh nf;vrf;rsm; (value creation
method) od&v
dS u
kd ef m usio
fh ;kH &rnfjzpfonf/ a,bk,s
tm;jzihf xkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;rpwifrD rjrif&onfh
d w
k u
f ek Ef iS yfh wfouf
tay:ykid ;f (upstream) wGif rdrx
jyKvkyfxm;onfh okawoeESihfzGHUNzdK;rI (R&D) oHkpGJrI
tydkif;jzpfNyD; R&D oHk;Ekdifav rdrdxkwfukefwefzdk;
wkd;wufrI trsm;qHk;jzpfavh&Sdonf/ 'kwd,ta&;yg
onft
h csurf mS xkwu
f ek 'f ZD ikd ;f yifjzpfNy;D qef;opfaom
'DZkdif;onfvnf; xkwfukefwefzdk;ododomom jrifh
wufavh&Sdojzihf txl;ta&;ygvmonf/ xkdYjyif
xkwv
f yk rf rI jyKvyk rf D vdt
k yfaomtiftm;pkrsm;&,l&m
wGifvnf; p&dwftenf;qHk;jzpfap&ef pDrH&rnfjzpf
onf/ xkwfvkyfrIjyKvkyfonfhtcgwGifrl xkwfvkyfrI
yrmPukd ysrf;rQp&dwfusonfhtqifha&mufatmif
xkwfvkyfEkdifonfh (scale economies) jzpf&efvdkay
onf / xk w f v k y f r I N yD ; onf h a emuf y d k i f ; pm;oH k ; ol
(endusuer) txdjzefYjzL;rnfhtydkif; (downstream)
wGifvnf; aps;uGufta&muf o,fykdYaxmufyHhp&dwf
(logistics cost) tenf;qH;k jzpfapa&;? rdrx
d w
k u
f ek u
f dk
pm;oH;k oltrsm;odap&efvyk af qmifjcif; (marketing)
ESihf a&mif;csNyD;onfh aemufykdif;wGifvnf; 0efaqmif
rIay;jcif; (after sales service) wkdYjyKvkyfEdkifav rdrd

t&nftcsi;f ESifh uRr;f usirf rI sm;&Sad eNyv

D m;? rnfuo
hJ Ykd
BudKwifavhvmjyifqifrnfvJqdkonfhtcsufrsm; rdrd
ud,
k u
f dk ar;jref;&rnfjzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihf Edik if H
wumESiq
fh ufpyfaeonhf vkyif ef;rsm;wGif aygif;pnf;
vkyu
f ikd &f eftqifoih&f adS eNy;D om;qdo
k nhf ar;cGe;f yif
jzpfonf/
rdrdt&nftaoG; wdk;wufatmiftpOfBudK;pm;vkyfaqmif

rdrdb0wdk;wufa&; rdrdtay:om t"duwnfyg

onf/ todynmacwfjzpf twwfESihf todynm
jrihfrm;av wdk;wufavjzpfonf/ ,SOfNydKifrIjrihfrm;
onhf xkwv
f yk rf EI iS fh 0efaqmifrv
I yk if ef;rsm;taejzihf
tajccHvkyfom;rSp tqihfjrihfpDrHtkyfcsKyfrIrsm;
a&G;cs,cf efx
Y m;&mwGif tajccHxm;onhrf rl mS uRr;f usif
wifajrm ufrI (skill) yifjzpfNy;D qufpyfaeonhf xkwf
vkyrf pI rG ;f tm; (productivity) ?vkyif ef;pGr;f aqmif&nf
(efficiency) rdrx
d w
k u
f ek u
f kd wm0ef,El ikd rf I (responsibility) wdkYonfvnf;wdk;wufrIudk jy|mef;aeonhf
Tefudef;rsm;yifjzpfonf/ wwfajrmufuRrf;usifrI
tay:rlwnf uRrf;usifrIenf;onhft axGaxG
f Rr;f
vkyo
f m; (low skilled labour) wpf0ufwpfysuu
f yk o
f m;
usiv
f yk o
f m; (semi-skilled labour) uRr;f usiv
(skilled labour) tqihjf rifh uRr;f usio
f rl sm; (highly
skilled labour) txl;uRrf;usifwwfajrmuf olrsm;
(Professional experts) [l a,bk,scjJG cm;xm;aomf
vnf; tqihw
f pfqihw
f ;dk yGm;oGm;wdik ;f vkycf ? vpm (od)Yk
csDjrihfaiGaMu; ododomomwdk;yGm;vmNyD; aemufqHk;
tqihfjzpfonhf txl;uRrf;usifwwfajrmufolrsm;
twGuf 0ifaiGrSm rnfrnfrQ[kyif rowfrSwfEdkif
onh f tuef Y t owf r &S d o nh f 0 if a iG (unlimited
income) &&Sdolrsm;yifjzpfonf/ jynfolwdkif; rdrd
b0wdk;wufa&;? rdom;pkwdk;wufa&;ESihf wdkif;jynf
wd;k wufa&;wdt
Yk wGuf rdrw
d \
Ykd uRr;f usiw
f wfajrmuf
rI t xl ; av;pm;Bud K ;pm;jr i h f w if & awmh r nh f t csd e f
jzpfygonf/ vlwdkif; wpfOD;csif;wdk;wufrI&SdrSomvQif
wdkif;jynfwdk;wufrI arQmfrSef;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/
,cktcg EdkifiHwumESihfqufpyf&onhfvkyfief;
rsm;? at*sifpDtzGJYtpnf;rsm; rsm;pGmay:aygufvm

onft
h wGuf uRr;f usirf &I o
dS nho
f rl sm;twGuf tvkyf
tudkiftcGihftvrf; rsm;pGm&SdaeNyDjzpfonf/ jrihfrm;
aomvkycf vpm&&Sad eonhv
f il ,frsm;vnf; &Sad eNyjD zpf
aomfvnf; uRrf;usifonhfolrsm;vdktyfaeqJjzpf
ovkd rMumrD ydkrdkvkdtyfawmhrnfjzpfonf/ AEC
taumiftxnfazmfaeNyDjzpf tmqD,HuRrf;usif
vkyfom;tqihfjzpfatmif avhusihfxm;rnfqkdvQif
tmqD,H 10 Edik if t
H wGi;f tvkyt
f udik t
f cGit
hf vrf;
rsm;arQmfrSef;Edkifrnfjzpfonf/ tvkyfvkyfEdkifonhf
vkyo
f m;tiftm;rsm;aomfvnf; uRr;f usirf yI ikd ;f tm;
enf;aeonht
f wGuf tcGit
fh vef;rsm;&Sad omfvnf; r&
EdkifonhftajctaeaMumihfvnf; wdk;wufrIrazmf
aqmifEkdif&jcif;jzpfonf/ ajymvdkonfrSm ,aeYcwf
onf rdro
d m wu,fwwfajrmufuRr;f usiv
f Qif ]]tvkyf
uvlu&kd mS aomacwf}} a&muf&adS eNyjD zpfonf/ rMumrD
EkdifiHwumESihf qufpyfaeonhf xkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;
rsm;? 0efaqmifrv
I yk if ef;rsm;tjyif a'oqkid &f m quf
oG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm; ay:aygufvmrIaMumihfjzpf
ay:vmawmhrnfh o,f,al xmufyq
hH idk &f m 0efaqmifrI
vkyif ef;rsm; (logistic services)? c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;? pufrI
vkyfief;opfrsm;? [kdw,fESihf wnf;cdka&;qkdif&mvkyf
ief;rsm;? a'oqkdif&mxkwfukefESihf0efaqmifrIrsm;?
wqihfcHukefoG,fa&; (transit trade) jyefvnfydkYukef
ESihf oGif;ukefvkyfief;rsm; (re - exports & imports)?
b@ma&;? usef;rma&;? ynma&; ponhf0efaqmifrI
vkyfief;rsm; ydkrdkxGef;um;vmawmhrnfjzpf jynfol
wdik ;f tqdyk gvkyif ef;rsm;wGif 0ifa&mufvyk u
f idk Ef idk &f ef
BudKwifjyifqif&rnf jzpfonf/ qkdvdkonfrSm ,aeY
pifumylEdkifiHwGifvkyfaqmifaeonhf ukefpnfESihf
0efaqmifrIydkYukefvkyfief;rsm;tm;vHk; jrefrmEkdifiHwGif
vnf; ay:aygufvmawmhrnfjzpf jynfow
l ikd ;f txl;
BudK;pm;jyifqif&rnfh tcsdefjzpfonf/ rdrdpdwf0ifpm;
onhv
f yk if ef;taMumif; aocsmpGm od&edS m;vnfap&ef
tqdyk gvkyif ef;ESiq
fh ufpyfaeonhf oufarG;ynmoif
kd yf
wef;rsm; (vocational training) wufa&muf&efvt
ovdk rjzpfraeavhvm&rnfrSm tajccHuGefysLwm
bmom&yfjzpfNy;D t*Fvyd pf mukv
d nf; ajymqkad &;om;
Edik o
f nft
h qiht
f xd wwfuRr;f atmif jyifqif&rnfjzpf
onf/
f nfh
,cktcg smart zke;f rsm; vlwikd ;f eD;yg;oH;k vmEdik o
twGuf tifwmeufo;kH avhvmqnf;yl;rI vky&f rnf
jzpfovdk aemufq;kH jzpfay:aeonhf owif;tcsurf sm;
t&,lNy;D wd;k wufrt
I wGuf toH;k jyKEikd af tmif BuKd ;pm;
&rnfjzpfonf/ xkt
Yd wGuf wd;k wufvo
kd nhv
f w
l idk ;f usifh
oHk;vdkufem&rnfhaqmifyk'frSm b0wpfavQmufvHk;
oif,lrIpepf (life-long learning system) yifjzpf
onf/ rdrw
d pfaeYwm tcsed u
f kd avhvmoif,rl t
I wGuf
pepfwustcsdefowfrSwfxm;NyD; pOfqufrjywfvkyf
aqmif&rnfjzpfonf/ wd;k wufvo
kd nhv
f w
l ikd ;f tjcm;
olrsm;udk NydKif&efrvdkbJ wpf&ufNyD;wpf&uf rdrdudk,f
udk ,SOfNydKifjcif;enf;vrf;udk usihfoHk;azmfaqmifoihf
ayonf/
trsdK;om;a&;wm0ef

wdkif;jynf pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIonf jynfol

wpf&yfv;kH \ tvdv
k m;qH;k qEjzpfonht
f wGuf tpd;k &
opftaejzihf txl;OD;pm;ay;aqmif&u
G af eNyjD zpfonf/
odkYaomf jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;udk t"duarmif;ESifonhf
jynfolrsm;\ wdk;wufrIudkazmfaqmifonhf BudK;pm;
tm;xkwrf EI iS fh tjyKoabmaqmifonhf yl;aygif;yg0if
rIr&Sv
d Qif pD;yGm;a&;wd;k wufrI azmfaqmifEikd rf nfr[kwf
ay/ txl;owdjyK&rnfrmS pdeaf c:rIrsm;teuf wd;k wuf
rIudk t[efYtwm;jyKaeonhf jynfwGif;rwnfNidrfrI
rsm;? aumvm[vrrSeo
f wif;rsm;? pnf;rsO;f pnf;urf;
csdK;azmufrIrsm;? zsufvkdzsufqD;jyKvdkolrsm; ponfwdkY
udkvnf; wuf<uonhfjynfolrsm;taejzihf tpdk;&ESihf
twl 0kid ;f 0ef;yl;aygif; xde;f odr;f Mu&ef txl;vdt
k yfay
onf/ xdkYtwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&\ OD;aqmifrIjzihf
pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;ESihf jynfolwpf&yfvHk; EkdifiH
wumESihf pD;yGm;a&;ydkrdkaygif;pnf;Edkifa&;twGuf
,aeYrSp txl;BudK;pm; vdkufemusihfoHk;rnfqkdvQif
tcsed w
f u
kd mvtwGi;f odomonhf wdik ;f jynfp;D yGm;a&;
wdk;wufrIudk azmfaqmifEkdifrnfjzpfygonf/ odkYjzpf
wdkif;jynfpD;yGm;a&; pOfqufrjywf ododomomwdk;
wufa&;twGuf EdkifiHom;wkdif; trsdK;om;a&;wm0ef
wpf&yftjzpf cH,u
l m txl;Ed;k Mum;BuKd ;pm;&rnf jzpfay
onf/

'DZifbm 31? 2016

'DZifbm 31? 2016

&efukefNrdKUae
armifrif;oufausmf (BA.Business
BA.Business Management)
Management
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