White Paper RadiumOne DarkSocial

THE LIGHT AND DARK
OF SOCIAL SHARING
Harnessing the power of consumer connections
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
LIGHTING UP THE DARK

Dark Social as a marketing opportunity is one of the
sharing widgets and short URL software. Advertisers
most exciting and potentially lucrative opportunities
and publishers are now realizing the value it represents
available to marketers today. Defined as social
in understanding real-time consumer interest and
sharing that occurs in private digital communication
intent. Its a large and accurate data source that,
tools such as email and instant messaging, it represents
once harnessed, can be used to convert valuable
three times the social sharing activity of Facebook
potential new customers for advertisers and new
alone, according to Po.st data generated by users
audiences for publishers.
who share Web content using the RadiumOne Po.st
WHAT IS DARK SOCIAL?

1. The term Dark Social was coined by Alexis C.
Madrigal, tech editor at Atlantic.com, in 2012,
to refer to web traffic that comes from outside
sources that web analytics are not able to track.
2. Dark Social happens when someone shares

content or a link by copying and pasting into
communications such as emails, instant messages
and forum posts.
RADIUMONE | The Light and Dark of Social Sharing
To help shine a light on the value of the Dark Social
KEY INSIGHTS FROM RADIUMONES PO.ST SHARING
opportunity, the following RadiumOne research and
WIDGETS AND SHORT URL DATA INCLUDE:
analysis provides an in-depth understanding of online

sharing attitudes and behaviours. The research includes
data from an October 2014 online social sharing
survey of 9,027 consumers globally conducted by
Tpoll. Then, data and analysis is provided for one full
Sharing activity through email, instant messaging
month of global and regional Po.st sharing data across
and forum posts, aka Dark Social, is three times
900 million monthly online unique users.
larger than the sharing activity on Facebook,

globally. 69% of all sharing activity takes place via
KEY TOPLINE FINDINGS FROM THE TPOLL

ONLINE SHARING SURVEY INCLUDE:
Dark Social globally versus 23% via Facebook.

Dark Social represents the majority of sharing in
19 content categories globally. This includes many
that are important to advertisers such as travel,
personal finance, technology and automotive.
Most consumers share content online. 84% of

people share content online globally.
Social sharing is a cross-channel activity. 36% of

Dark Social sharing takes place on mobile devices
A large percentage of consumers only share
globally.
content via Dark Social. Globally, 32% of people

who share content online will only share via Dark
Advertisers are achieving impressive results from
Social.
harnessing and activating Dark Social data to

engage with audiences outside of their owned
media properties. Through the use of Dark Social
data, Universal Music Group improved the
performance of their programmatic media
campaigns by 300%.
Harnessing and acting on Dark Social data presents a
tremendous opportunity for advertisers and publishers
to significantly improve the return on investment from
their social media and digital marketing investments.
This paper shines light on the opportunity and offers
advice on how to get started.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive summary: Lighting up the dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dark Social is too big to ignore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dark Social is a critical piece to the consumer puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Three steps to acting on Dark Social insights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Step 1: Harnessing Dark Social on owned media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
Step 2: Implementing short URL sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Step 3: Acting on social insights in real time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
The RadiumOne approach to social insights and activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Responding to the Dark Social opportunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
DARK SOCIAL IS TOO

BIG TO IGNORE
Advertisers and publishers are limiting their social
focus and investment to activities that take place in
the light on social networks like Facebook, Twitter
and Pinterest, where sharing is publicly available. The
FIGURE 1
Dark Social represents more sharing activity than
Facebook and all other public sharing channels
combined.
social sharing survey highlights that 84% of people

share content online, of which 32% will only share via
Dark Social. Po.st data shows that 69% of all content
sharing activity globally takes place via Dark Social.
The other 31% of sharing activity takes place via
Facebook and all other public sharing channels
31%
PERCENT
OF SHARES,
GLOBALLY
69%
combined. Clearly, Dark Social is too big to ignore.

Dark Social takes place when people copy-and-paste
content or links from a website into a private message
and selectively share it with their connections. It tends
to be directed to friends, family and colleagues. The
strong familiarity, trust and frequency of Dark Social
Sharing via Facebook and all other

public sharing channels combined
Dark Social
sharing
Source: RadiumOne Po.st social data, August 1-28, 2014
connections more than compensates for the

one-to-many virality of other platforms. Personal,
to entertain, to help with a decision, to solve a problem
relevant and influential, Dark Social sharing carries
or to prove a point. Since the person sharing via Dark
much more weight than a Facebook post or a Tweet.
Social has much more control over who will see the
message, theres much less of a filter on it. This is
Accordingly, the data generated from Dark Social
markedly different from public social networks where
is one of the most valuable sources of social insights,
sharing centers around whats considered okay for
because it represents the genuine interests of sharers
public examination. The intimate and relevant nature
and their recipients. People share content via Dark
of Dark Social sharing presents advertisers and
Social for very specific reasons. Perhaps the purpose is
publishers with a much more accurate and actionable
representation of audience intent and interest than
may take place via email or other private channels
social network sharing.
and part light when distributed on public social

networks, forums or blogs.
Another important channel of social sharing is so-called

short URL sharing where advertisers or publishers
Based on the large volume and high value of Dark
distribute advertising links, branded content and
Social and short URL sharing, social sharing as a subject
native executions directly through their existing owned
is incomplete without the consideration and inclusion
media channels. Its part dark because sharing
of these valuable channels.
TEAM SKY HARNESSES DARK SOCIAL TO

DRIVE SUCCESSFUL FAN ENGAGEMENT
Team Sky, Great Britains first ever professional

road racing team, partnered with RadiumOne
in 2013 to help monetize the high brand profile it
enjoys from the global success of riders such as Sir
Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome.
In the last 12 months alone an astonishing 95% of

Team Sky content has been shared via Dark
Team Sky uses the Po.st Link Shortener and Sharing
Socials private channels such as email and instant
Widgets to track all content interaction and
messaging. Only 5% of content has been shared
sharing across their websites, social media and
via Facebook and Twitter. Team Sky uses these
mobile platforms. The Link Shortener helps them
insights to advise their own team and commercial
understand how audiences consume the content,
partners on how to best communicate with and
videos and pictures that they share via social
deliver content on digital, mobile and video
sites, emails, instant messaging and forums during
channels as well as drive higher engagement and
the major cycling tours (e.g.Tour de France). The
lower customer acquisition costs. Additionally, Dark
Sharing Widget allows Team Sky and their sponsors
Social insights have enabled the content team to
to monitor in real time how their branded content
be more efficient and effective in delivering more
is being shared across the web.
accurately on what excites Team Sky fans.
DARK SOCIAL IS A CRITICAL

PIECE TO THE CONSUMER
PUZZLE
In October 2014, RadiumOne received the results of
an online social sharing survey among 9,027 consumers
globally conducted by the market research company
Tpoll through their MindMover panel. The survey results
revealed that most people share content online; most
share via Dark Social channels, and many share only
with Dark Social channels. Figures 2-4 break these
findings out by age and region.
FIGURE 2
The majority of consumers share content online
Question: Do you share content across the Internet?
GLOBAL
BY AGE
BY REGION
90%
Age 16-34
84%
Share Content
Online
Age 35-54
Age 55+
83%
80%
% who share content online
US
83%
Europe
85%
UK
82%
France
86%
Australia
88%
% who share content online
Source: Tpoll research on behalf of RadiumOne, October 2014.

Base: Global respondents 16 and over. 16-34 (3,011), 35-54 (4,316), 55+ (3,520), North America (3,679), Europe (7,168), UK (1,254), France (1,177), Australia (1,147).
FIGURE 3
Among consumers who share, the majority include Dark Social among their channels for sharing
GLOBAL
BY AGE
BY REGION
92%
Age 16-34
93%
use Dark Social
US
92%
Europe
Age 35-54
91%
Channels
94%
UK
91%
France
Age 55+
96%
96%
Australia
% who use Dark Social Channels
95%
% who use Dark Social Channels

FIGURE 4
A large percentage of consumers only share via Dark Social
GLOBAL
BY AGE
Age 16-34
32%
only share via
BY REGION
US
19%
29%
Europe
Age 35-54
UK
32%
Dark Social
France
Age 55+
46%
Australia
% who only share via Dark Social
34%
26%
39%
35%
% who only share via Dark Social

This social sharing survey data shows that if you want
via Dark Social. And, youre missing a large body of
holistic social insights, Dark Social is a critical piece of
insights for the 93% of consumers who share and
the puzzle. Without it, youre missing all sharing insights
include Dark Social among the channels they use.
for the 32% of consumers who share and only do so
THREE STEPS TO ACT ON

DARK SOCIAL INSIGHTS
Advertisers and publishers have a tremendous
opportunity to gain greater insight and outcomes from
their social media strategies by harnessing and acting
on Dark Social data. Harnessing the data produces
accurate insights into consumer interests and intent
whilst it is most relevant from a marketing activation
perspective. Acting on the data involves using it in
real time to find new customers and audiences in
paid media.
GETTING THERE INVOLVES THREE KEY STEPS:
Harnessing Dark Social on owned media
Implementing short URL sharing
Acting on social insights in real time
STEP ONE:
HARNESSING DARK SOCIAL

ON OWNED MEDIA
In every region and nearly every content category,
Social sharing is at least twice the size of Facebook
more sharing happens in Dark Social than all other
sharing. Worldwide, Dark Social sharing is three times
sharing channels combined. Figure 5 shows that Dark
the size of Facebook sharing. The size of Dark Social
Social represents 69% of all sharing worldwide, 59%
compared to Facebook ranges from twice the size
in North America, 77% in Europe, 75% in the UK, 81%
in North America to over seven times the size in
in France and 75% in Australia. In every region, Dark
France.
FIGURE 5
Percentage of shares by sharing channel
All Other Social
8%
23%
10%
31%
WORLDWIDE
Facebook
Dark Social
7%
16%
NORTH
AMERICA
EUROPE
69%
59%
77%
4%
7%
8%
21%
19%
AUSTRALIA
11%
UK
75%
FRANCE
81%
75%
10
Figure 6 takes us one level deeper and breaks out
share the links privately. In travel, when consumers are
the percentage of shares by content category.
planning a trip, theyre more prone to privately share
Worldwide, the content categories with the highest
travel content with their ideas about where to go and
percentage of Dark Social sharing include entertainment,
what to do versus share them publicly. In many cases
careers and travel. This means, for instance, that
like these, Dark Social is the more appropriate sharing
when a consumer is browsing movie reviews on an
environment for collaborative decision-making
entertainment website, they are far more likely
between close associates, friends and family members.
to share the reviews of movies they want to see with
When advertisers and publishers begin to understand
an intimate social network of friends via email or
Dark Social, theyre simultaneously receiving
instant messaging than via Facebook. In careers,
actionable information about an important part of
when someone attempts to help a friend find a job
the consumer decision journey, at the very top of the
by sending them openings, theyre far more likely to
purchasing funnel.
FIGURE 6
Percentage of shares by sharing channel and by content category
All Other Social
Facebook
WORLDWIDE
Arts & Entertainment

Careers
Travel
Science
Education
Religion & Spirituality
Style & Fashion
Food & Drink
Sports
Personal Finance
Hobbies & Interests
News
Technology & Computing
Real Estate
Society
Automotive
Health & Fitness
Business
Home & Garden
Shopping
Family & Parenting
Law Govt & Politics
Pets
84%
13%
80%
8%
78%
82%
13%
17%
26%
AUSTRALIA
12%
81%
14%
77%
14%
87%
87%
6%
87%
6%
84%
6%
90%
5%
89%
7%
90%
7%
89%
7%
86%
11%
8%
85%
12%
11%
80%
14%
66%
24%
85%
10%
84%
10%
89%
80%
15%
61%
29%
84%
10%
86%
9%
81%
11%
88%
9%
70%
24%
80%
13%
78%
81%
9%
84%
12%
79%
11%
86%
18%
73%
15%
59%
25%
71%
12%
62%
14%
20%
71%
70%
24%
61%
32%
68%
21%
58%
26%
67%
25%
66%
22%
87%
60%
83%
31%
55%
72%
19%
71%
30%
65%
31%
40%
55%
86%
10%
64%
29%
40%
51%
84%
12%
57%
37%
56%
32%
48%
39%
53%
28%
42%
32%
35%
38%
35%
49%
42%
37%
53%
45%
50%
32%
63%
47%
35%
54%
42%
42%
9%
81%
50%
100% 0%
% of Total Shares
70%
55%
72%
51%
50%
100%
% of Total Shares
0%
46%
19%
74%
50%
100%
% of Total Shares
14%
0%
50%
34%
100%
0%
35%
27%
53%
35%
15%
51%
37%
18%
56%
50%
35%
61%
14%
22%
72%
60%
66%
21%
55%
66%
29%
29%
64%
35%
% of Total Shares
15%
7%
78%
31%
75%
16%
79%
3%
75%
50%
56%
29%
80%
19%
51%
22%
60%
42%
21%
84%
27%
18%
17%
15%
94%
73%
76%
75%
15%
86%
22%
75%
17%
62%
8%
70%
6%
81%
11%
20%
75%
22%
76%
34%
63%
29%
85%
16%
80%
21%
66%
16%
72%
22%
61%
21%
89%
27%
68%
69%
57%
24%
60%
17%
74%
6%
56%
11%
73%
15%
90%
9%
74%
17%
68%
10%
83%
11%
17%
6%
82%
11%
74%
16%
81%
8%
79%
36%
53%
48%
13%
FRANCE
84%
10%
63%
UK
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
83%
76%
0%
Dark Social
100%
39%
57%
40%
59%
14%
% of Total Shares
54%
0%
37%
81%
50%
100%
% of Total Shares
11
FIGURE 7
Percentage of clickbacks on shared content by sharing channel
10%
76%
NORTH
AMERICA
72%
UK
71%
20%
EUROPE
30%
5%
AUSTRALIA
53%
Dark Social
9%
13%
76%
2%
45%
Facebook
12%
16%
WORLDWIDE
All Other Social
23%
FRANCE
50%
20%
After an individual has shared content, Dark Social
and 53% in Australia. It also shows that regional
generates clickback data. With high intimacy and
differences in social sharing patterns can be significant.
relevance through one-to-one or one-to-few sharing,
Dark Social in Australia, for example, generates the
Dark Social doesnt always generate the volume of
majority of clickbacks on shared content, more so
clickbacks as the one-to-many sharing on Facebook.
even than on Facebook and all other public sharing
However, the volume is significant and of great incre-
channels combined.
mental value when investing into social media and

digital marketing campaigns
CLICKBACK: When someone has

Figure 7 shows that Dark Social represents 16% of all
clickbacks on shared content worldwide, 13% in North
clicked on a link that was shared.
America, 20% in Europe, 23% in the UK, 20% in France
12
Figure 8 shows the regional differences in percentage
shared content in Australia at 84% versus a smaller 14-
of clickbacks on shared content by content category.
16% in all other regions.
Regional differences in these clickback patterns are

significant. In the personal finance category, Dark
The volume and real-time relevance of Dark Social
Social generates a larger percentage of clickbacks
makes it an essential part of getting a complete view
on shared content in the UK at 37% than in France at
of social sharing and consumer intent and interest.
16%, Australia at 12% or in North America at 7%. In the
Advertisers and publishers are starting to see these
category for law, government and politics, Dark Social
benefits by understanding and acting on social insights
generates a very large percentage of clickbacks on
inclusive of Dark Social data.
FIGURE 8
Percentage of clickbacks on shared content by sharing channel and by content category
All Other Social
Facebook
WORLDWIDE
Healthy & Fitness

Science
News
Home & Garden
Sports
Hobbies & Interests
Law Govt & Politics
Travel
Tech & Computing
Automotive
Society
Real Estate
Education
Careers
Shopping
Personal Finance
Pets
Business
Style & Fashion
Family & Parenting
Food & Drink
Dark Social
44%
47%
42%
46%
36%
47%
42%
39%
37%
38%
36%
47%
29%
50%
34%
50%
13%
29%
57%
20%
22%
70%
14%
21%
59%
20%
20%
68%
18%
18%
57%
15%
16%
16%
16%
15%
78%
13%
55%
51%
15%
31%
76%
18%
51%
43%
29%
35%
27%
37%
61%
29%
63%
30%
13%
33%
57%
71%
16%
29%
54%
82%
13%
84%
18%
53%
11%
88%
17%
70%
53%
18%
63%
81%
6%
91%
24%
16%
74%
19%
74%
19%
82%
13%
78%
15%
79%
17%
11%
80%
11%
79%
15%
74%
17%
74%
30%
10%
82%
7%
84%
10%
87%
9%
7%
86%
6%
7%
84%
15%
6%
6%
89%
5%
76%
0%
50%
4%
100%
% of Total Clickbacks
0%
82%
29%
15%
86%
87%
60%
88%
74%
50%
100%
37%
60%
21%
84%
10%
39%
58%
29%
65%
34%
98%
2%
29%
34%
48%
79%
17%
51%
68%
30%
49%
48%
39%
14%
16% 22%
58%
78%
29%
48%
20% 15%
8%
11%
16%
67%
62%
89%
10%
51%
70%
84%
13%
79%
81%
42%
24%
44%
12%
14%
40%
55%
54%
29%
76%
55%
28%
46%
15%
55%
31%
70%
82%
34%
16%
84%
68%
43%
46%
12%
12%
41%
10%
20%
56%
33%
38%
33%
18%
81%
51%
39%
AUSTRALIA
45%
23%
51%
77%
29%
45%
33%
18%
68%
53%
50%
57%
23%
64%
FRANCE
55%
14%
76%
53%
41%
37%
51%
63%
22%
50%
53%
66%
13%
82%
43%
46%
41%
UK
EUROPE
NORTH AMERICA
51%
83%
86%
12%
74%
3%
97%
5%
90%
5%
93%
17%
50%
36%
63%
3%
94%
8%
87%
10%
74%
31%
67%
4%
90%
3%
93%
26%
10%
79%
8%
85%
19%
0%
50%
100%
0%
50%
100%
0%
56%
59%
50%
100%
6%
91%
13%
77%
0%
50%
100%
13
STEP TWO:
IMPLEMENTING SHORT URL

SHARING
Most advertisers and publishers use short URL tools for
take advantage of the resulting data in their digital
the sharing they initiate themselves when they shorten
marketing campaigns. With the right link shortener,
and share links across all channels. However, very few
advertisers and publishers can not only turn long links

into short and measurable links (or short URLs); they
can also use the resulting data to improve their digital
marketing and branded content activities and drive
improved conversion and prospecting activities.
Figure 9 lists some of the common ways that advertisers
and publishers can effectively use short URLs. Across
these use cases, short URLs offer many benefits. They
take up less space in social media posts, such as in
tweets on Twitter, leaving more room to describe the
FIGURE 9
Eleven ways to use Short URLs
SOCIAL POSTS
TEXT MESSAGING
SEARCH CAMPAIGNS
EMAIL BLASTS
PRESS RELEASES
OFFLINE CAMPAIGNS
BLOG POSTS
QR CODES
AD TAGS
EMBEDDED IN VIDEOS
EMAIL SIGNATURES
14
link being shared. They provide audience analytics on
Figure 10 shows that the average number of clickbacks
clickbacks without any need to access web analytics.
earned per short URL varies significantly by region
Most importantly, short URLs, when created with the
and by category. For example, the average short URL
right link shortener, can help build an addressable
in the shopping category earns, on average, 13,255
audience for real-time digital marketing by collecting
clickbacks in North America, 964 clickbacks in
data in a manner that enables the segmentation and
Europe, 3,359 clickbacks in the UK, 2,148 clickbacks in
activation of the data.
France and 1,802 clickbacks in Australia.
FIGURE 10
Average clickbacks on short URLs by content
category
WORLDWIDE
Shopping
NORTH AMERICA
872
Sports
847
Pets
515
154
488
Education
601
556
151
557
62
Food & Drink
461
124
329
81
Tech & Computing
450
1,211
163
377
1,198
181
1,421
2,227
1,629
Business
402
Law, Govt & Politics
399
Home & Garden
360
878
Society
357
1,083
Family & Parenting
339
Travel
335
News
269
382
263
511
172
353
Health & Fitness
249
476
111
253
Automotive
243
125
218
Careers
183
14
147
108
120
150
150
160
363
191
148
38
488
83
66
246
2
12
144
900
Hobbies & Interests
615
121
334
729
202
392
198
53
201
194
897
234
442
1,008
142
77
181
234
625
221
1,250
293
141
533
192
1,265
404
42
148
2,460
658
287
187
1,704
528
1,271
1,802
485
1,378
404
2,666
AUSTRALIA
2,148
3,359
964
13,255
3,360
FRANCE
UK
EUROPE
159
95
2
33
46
53
65
212
Real Estate
95
244
42
77
22
Science
46
53
28
85
19
10
Personal Finance
40
65
30
27
14
Style & Fashion
128
357
65
15
FIGURE 11
Top content categories to benefit from branded short URLs
Average number of clickbacks per branded short URL
Average number of clickbacks per standard short URL
Increase in clickbacks from using branded short URLs
4,500
4,000
3,500
1019%
3,000
2,500
600%
2,000
510%
1,500
1,000
253%
500
0
95%
Sports
News
Society
Health
&
Fitness
Personal
Finance
83%
Shopping
61%
Travel
18%
Real Estate
5%
Hobbies
&
Interests
3%
Home
&
Garden
Some advertisers and publishers opt to shorten links
sensitive a content category is. For example, in the
with a branded short domain, also sometimes called
sports category, branded short URLs outperform
vanity domains or custom domains. A branded short
standard short URLs by over 1000%. This is due to con-
domain helps brands leverage their company name,
sumers not merely wanting sports content: they want
brand name or campaign-specific keywords to signal
sports content from the teams, publishers and brands
to viewers that the content behind a link has been
that they trust and follow. Brands and rights holders
endorsed and can be trusted. In many categories,
that already have that brand, artist or team trust can
branded short URLs have been shown to generate a
leverage immediate value by shortening links using a
significantly greater volume of clickbacks than
branded short URL or vanity domain.
standard short URLs.

Figure 11 shows the difference between the average
number of clickbacks per branded short URL versus
the average number of clickbacks per standard
short URL for the top content categories. The greater
the difference in clickback performance between
branded and standard short URLs, the more brand
16
UNIVERSAL MUSIC GROUP AMPLIFIES

AUDIENCES WITH DARK SOCIAL
Universal Music Group (UMG) manages a diverse

portfolio of record labels and a roster of artists
covering the full spectrum of music genres globally.
The company is active on public sharing channels
including Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Pinterest,
YouTube, Tumblr, Instagram, Snapchat and LinkedIn,
where its short URL sharing includes links to new
albums and singles. The company also manages
artist websites such as Ellie Gouldings website
at www.elliegoulding.com, where it empowers
social sharing for site visitors. UMG wanted to use
the clickthrough activity on its shared links and
the organic sharing activity from its artist sites to
identify, amplify and target engaged audiences,
the reach of each campaign by identifying new
interested in receiving marketing messages about
audiences that were connected with, or similar to,
new releases.
each seed audience.
UMG used RadiumOnes Po.st Sharing Widgets
Across the open Web and mobile, media campaigns
and Link Shortener on custom short domains such
were activated using RadiumOnes integrated
as ell.li (Ellie Goulding) to generate short links for
data collection, data management and media
content and to identify and capture engaged,
delivery platform. The clickthrough performance
social audiences for a number of its artists across
of these campaigns surpassed industry standards
devices and digital channels. UMG worked with
by over 300%. Universal Music Group increased
RadiumOne to use each artists engaged audience
their investment with RadiumOne by over 500%
as a seed audience, which could then be amplified
after seeing the engagement and conversion
with RadiumOnes patented ShareGraph
results of using data from Po.st and are now a global
technology. For UMG, ShareGraph extended
partner of RadiumOne.
17
STEP THREE:
ACTING ON SOCIAL DATA

IN REAL TIME
Dark Social and short URL sharing generate high
volumes of valuable real-time data. However, when
this data is left in silos or not activated at the time
DATA MANAGEMENT PLATFORM: A
consumers are showing genuine interest and intent,
system that collects, integrates and
its value is limited to insights and analytics. The most
manages large sets of data, like ad
effective and lucrative way to act on real-time social
performance and website visitation data.
data is to use it to inform programmatic media buying.

At a high level, capturing and activating social data
programmatically can be done optimally with a data
management and demand side platform where data
and delivery are not separated.
DEMAND SIDE PLATFORM: A buying
system that programmatically acquires

media across advertising exchanges
and private marketplace environments.
With many data management and advertising buying

systems, a data management platform (DMP) collects,
integrates and manages large sets of data, like
advertising performance, CRM data and website
visitation data. Then, one or more demand side platforms
(DSPs) programmatically acquire media across
advertising exchanges and private marketplace
environments while considering data derived from
the DMP.
An integrated platform serving as both DMP and DSP
provides much greater effectiveness and efficiencies
in the management, segmentation and activation of
18
data. To act on social data, the integrated platform is
It is important for the integrated platform to operate
responsible for connecting anonymous social sharing
across mobile and non-mobile sources of inventory,
signals with anonymous, cross-channel digital personas
because a large amount of social activity takes place
at scale. This persona-based view of audiences makes
on smartphones and tablets. Figure 12 shows that in
it possible for the platform to target personas based
Dark Social, 36% of sharing and 53% of the resulting
on real-time and historical cross-channel engagement
clickbacks occur on mobile. For Facebook, 47% of
patterns, including algorithmic social relationship
sharing and 71% of the resulting clickbacks occur on
patterns. With this, the integrated platform, equipped
mobile. Based on this data, advertisers and publishers
with data not available elsewhere, connects with the
can safely assume that shares originating from desktop
most valuable personas at the most opportune times.
environments will find their way into mobile environments.
than disseminate widely via social media. They

discovered that, in a typical month, there were
18,908 instances of users choosing to copy text from
TIME INC. POWERS BRAND ADVOCACY

WITH DARK SOCIAL
the Marie Claire website and share it with friends

via email. This is compared with 1,747 instances of
users sharing via Facebook and Twitter. Similarly, on
NME.com, there were 44,850 emailed shares
compared with 5,674 shares via Facebook and
In July 2014, Time Inc. shared the
Twitter. Together across Marie Claire and NME.
results of a Digital Conversations
com, this data reveals that 90% of sharing happens
study it had conducted in Europe
in Dark Social versus 10% on Facebook and Twitter.
over the course of six months,
These insights show the value of content partnerships
covering the impact of Dark
between advertisers and publishers. Andrew Sanders,
Social. The company is Britains
Digital Brand Partnerships Director at Time Inc. says,
leading publisher of print and
This analysis demonstrates that consumers want to
digital magazine content, with more than 60 iconic
share content in a personal way with a specific
brands including Marie Claire and NME, which it
audience who it is directly relevant to. If content
used in the study. Time Inc. found that people share
partnerships are done well, people become
content in an extremely personal way and are
advocates of a brand among their peers and this is
more likely to narrowcast to acquaintances rather
incredibly valuable for advertisers.
19
FIGURE 12
All other
sharing
Facebook
Dark Social
Percentage of sharing and clickbacks in mobile by social sharing channel, worldwide
% sharing in mobile
36%
% clickbacks in mobile
53%
% sharing in mobile
47%
71%
% sharing in mobile
41%
40%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Prospecting for new customers with an integrated
brands capture and activate short URL sharing
platform occurs optimally when the platform captures
through the easy addition of a link shortener. Both
social intent from Web and mobile signals for activation.
require minimal implementation from a development
This requires intelligent data collection tools rather
perspective and should not necessitate investment into
than one-dimensional social analytics software. For
data gathering and activation software.
example, through RadiumOne, collecting all sharing

data, including Dark Social copy-and-paste activity
Figure 13 shows the top features to look for in sharing
can be as easy as adding a sharing widget to owned
widgets and link shorteners. It is important that they
media properties. Likewise, RadiumOne can help
support a fast load time and that they capture data
FIGURE 13
Features to look for in sharing widgets and link shorteners
Fast load time
Does not capture personal

identifiable information (PII)
Analytics API
Fully customizable look
Provides clickback from copy-
Data not accessible to
and feel
and-paste sharing
outside organisations
Tracks copy-and-paste
Full social analytics across all
Captures data across
activity
sharing platforms
devices
20
across devices. Moreover, advertisers and publishers
a great free short URL service, but only RadiumOne
must ensure that competitors cant access the data
enables the activation of advertiser and publisher
being captured.
data to find new customers and users.
When standardizing around a single link shortener, its
With the right link shorteners and sharing widgets in
particularly important to research the options. To
place, social intent signals can flow into an
prevent data leakage, choose a link shortener that
integrated DMP and DSP in real time to empower
does not sell data to third parties. Also, look for a link
connections to the right consumers, at the right times
shortener that can turn earned media into new
and with the right messages, delivering fully on the
audiences and customers through connecting to
efficiency and effectiveness promise of programmatic
paid media capabilities. Certain link shorteners provide
advertising.
DARK SOCIAL IMPROVES GHIRARDELLIS

ADVERTISING PERFORMANCE BY 600%
Leading San Francisco based chocolate

manufacturer Ghirardelli recently learned about
the impressive size of Dark Social sharing on its
website. In late 2013, the company embedded
intelligent social sharing buttons on its recipes and
tips web pages. This gave Chris Pemberton, digital
brand manager at Ghirardelli, a more complete
picture of social sharing generated from the site.
Pemberton commented, We were surprised
to find that 84% of the sharing activity was Dark
Social. What that means is 84% of total sharing
activity had been hidden from us.
company targeted audiences who either clicked
In addition, Ghirardelli activated media based on
on shared content or who further shared it. As a
its more accurate understanding of social sharing
result, Ghirardellis programmatic media investment
and consumer intent and interest. To do so, the
improved by over 600%.
21
THE RADIUMONE
APPROACH TO SOCIAL
INSIGHTS AND ACTIVATION
Data and delivery should never be separated. It takes
an integrated platform that combines the power of
data collection, data management and real-time
media delivery to make social insights actionable.
RadiumOnes integrated platform manages data
generated by a wide variety of sources including
the Po.st Sharing Widgets and Po.st Link Shortener. It
uses a proprietary sharing algorithms, ShareGraph,
to amplify social data. Activation happens with the
integrated platform when data informs targeting and
bidding in real time to place media across all channels
and devices.
FIGURE 10
4 key tools to find profitable opportunities to
engage at scale
POST SHARING WIDGETS AND LINK SHORTENER

With the Po.st Sharing Widgets and Link Shortener,
RadiumOne helps brands, agencies, rights holders
PO.ST SHARING WIDGETS
and publishers to generate more of their own social

data and then expand upon it with the companys
proprietary ShareGraph technology. The Po.st
2
3
PO.ST LINK SHORTENER
Sharing Widgets offer key features including fast load

time, fully customizable look and feel, and market-leading
social analytics. The Po.st Link Shortener is the only
SHAREGRAPH
link shortener available that is built with the needs of

advertisers in mind. It offers analytics and support for
RADIUMONES INTEGRATED DATA COLLECTION, DATA MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA

DELIVERY PLATFORM
branded short URLs and vanity URLs. It also delivers

persona-level data capture and activation. For all
Po.st tools, RadiumOne ensures that all customer data
22
is protected, and it never sells any data to third parties.
RadiumOnes clients use ShareGraph to take high
Most importantly, all the social data captured by Po.st
performing audience segments and expand them to
software can be used to convert social insights into
include additional digital personas that are connected
customers through the seamless use of cross-channel
to these segments by shared interests and real
paid media and RadiumOnes integrated platform.
connections. ShareGraph amplifies audience

segments with algorithms that consider variables
Implementation of RadiumOnes suite of data gathering
such as the degrees of separation from the personas
software is a fast and easy process for any size
in the original segment, the recency of sharing, the
organization. There are no license fees or other charges
frequency of sharing and the content categorization
for the software, as RadiumOnes commercial model
of sharing activity. It also considers the directionality
is tied to marketing investment committed from its
of sharing, which looks at whether the personas in the
clients to activate programmatic media buying in an
original segment typically share content out to others
entirely transparent manner.
SHAREGRAPH
Expanding on first-party social data, RadiumOne uses
its proprietary and globally patented ShareGraph
technology to accurately qualify and target cross-channel
personas based on content consumption and sharing
behaviours across 900 million monthly unique users.
23
or receive content in from them. All of these variables
on real world social connections and takes action
help ShareGraph maximise advertising performance
within milliseconds by delivering relevant creative to
and scale digital marketing activities.
the original and amplified personas. The integrated

platform serves as both DMP and DSP to identify and
INTEGRATED DATA COLLECTION, DATA

MANAGEMENT AND MEDIA DELIVERY PLATFORM
reach these personas via programmatic buying in
RadiumOnes integrated platform makes it easy to
Used as one holistic platform, RadiumOnes Po.st
connect with people wherever they consume digital
Sharing Widgets, Po.st Link Shortener, ShareGraph,
content. The platform responds to social intent signals
data management and media delivery capabilities
by matching each signal to an anonymous digital
uniquely help advertisers and publishers to capitalize on
persona in real time. With this approach, it then
real-time interest and intent signals across the open
amplifies each signal to reach similar personas based
Web and mobile.
display, mobile, video and social environments.
24
RESPONDING TO THE DARK

SOCIAL OPPORTUNITY
Advertisers and publishers have an exciting
opportunity to respond to the fact that Dark Social
is the primary form of consumer sharing globally.
They must harness Dark Social and short URL sharing
to understand consumer interests and intent and act
on the insights in real time. The result is a significant
improvement to the ROI of social media and digital
marketing investments.
A few tips to follow for optimal success:
Get visibility into Dark Social and connect with those
audiences outside of owned media properties.
Wrap and track all branded sharing content,
including native content, using tools that protect
sharing data from being sold or used by competitors.
Make sure the data is actionable for targeting
prospects on the open Web and mobile.
Advertisers can get started with the Po.st Link Shortener

for brands and Po.st Sharing Widgets for brands.
Work with providers who can gather and activate

social data in real time, not in days, weeks or months.
Publishers can integrate Po.st tools in 30 minutes or less

with the Po.st Link Shortener for developers and the
Operate and execute across all channels, as
revenue-generating Po.st Sharing Widgets.
consumers do.
To contact your local RadiumOne team for more
With these tips, advertisers can find and convert
information, or to implement the RadiumOne social
valuable new customers and publishers can find new
sharing platform, please share your details at
audiences at scale.
darksocial@radiumone.com.
25

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THE LIGHT AND DARK

LIGHTING UP THE DARK

sharing widgets and short URL software. Advertisers

most exciting and potentially lucrative opportunities

and publishers are now realizing the value it represents

available to marketers today. Defined as social

in understanding real-time consumer interest and

sharing that occurs in private digital communication

intent. Its a large and accurate data source that,

tools such as email and instant messaging, it represents

once harnessed, can be used to convert valuable

three times the social sharing activity of Facebook

potential new customers for advertisers and new

alone, according to Po.st data generated by users

audiences for publishers.

who share Web content using the RadiumOne Po.st

WHAT IS DARK SOCIAL?

2. Dark Social happens when someone shares

RADIUMONE | The Light and Dark of Social Sharing

To help shine a light on the value of the Dark Social

KEY INSIGHTS FROM RADIUMONES PO.ST SHARING

opportunity, the following RadiumOne research and

WIDGETS AND SHORT URL DATA INCLUDE:

analysis provides an in-depth understanding of online

Sharing activity through email, instant messaging

month of global and regional Po.st sharing data across

and forum posts, aka Dark Social, is three times

900 million monthly online unique users.

larger than the sharing activity on Facebook,

KEY TOPLINE FINDINGS FROM THE TPOLL

Dark Social globally versus 23% via Facebook.

Most consumers share content online. 84% of

Social sharing is a cross-channel activity. 36% of

A large percentage of consumers only share

content via Dark Social. Globally, 32% of people

Advertisers are achieving impressive results from

harnessing and activating Dark Social data to

RADIUMONE | The Light and Dark of Social Sharing

Dark Social is a critical piece to the consumer puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Three steps to acting on Dark Social insights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 1: Harnessing Dark Social on owned media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 2: Implementing short URL sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Step 3: Acting on social insights in real time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The RadiumOne approach to social insights and activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Responding to the Dark Social opportunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RADIUMONE | The Light and Dark of Social Sharing

DARK SOCIAL IS TOO

social sharing survey highlights that 84% of people

combined. Clearly, Dark Social is too big to ignore.

Sharing via Facebook and all other

Source: RadiumOne Po.st social data, August 1-28, 2014

connections more than compensates for the

to entertain, to help with a decision, to solve a problem

relevant and influential, Dark Social sharing carries

or to prove a point. Since the person sharing via Dark

much more weight than a Facebook post or a Tweet.

Accordingly, the data generated from Dark Social

markedly different from public social networks where

is one of the most valuable sources of social insights,

sharing centers around whats considered okay for

because it represents the genuine interests of sharers

public examination. The intimate and relevant nature

and their recipients. People share content via Dark

of Dark Social sharing presents advertisers and