Professional Documents
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"
LffiNOIDAU
Nhfun giup h,rcluc;mgky thu~t cua TAngCong ty M~g lucriViertel nfun duQ'c
cac thu~t ngfr, khai ni~m ca ban trong ky thu~t viSn thOng, TAng Cong ty M~g
lucriViertel ban hanh tai li~u "sA tay kY thu~t vi~n thong- Quy~n 1- Cae thu~t
ngfr kY thu~t vi~n thong" danh cho can be)va nhan vien ky thu~t dang lam vi~c
trong T6ng Cong ty.
Tai li~u dS c~p dSn cac thu~t ngfr, khai ni~m lien quan dSn cac lInh VVC
Viertel dang khai thac, duQ'cbien so~ theo tieu chi chinh xac, dS hiSu, ng1fugQn
va co anh x~ vao m~ng lucricua Viettel. Ne)idung tai li~u bao g6m 8 phfrn:
Phfin 1: TAng quan m~ng vi~n thong.
Phfin 2: M~ng di o{)ng.
Phfin 3: M~ng e8 oinh.
Phan 4: M~ng truyen dan.
Phfin 5: M~ng truy~n tai IP.
" 6: H~ tang.
~
Phan
Phfin 7: CO"oi~n.
Phfin 8: Phfin m~m quanly kY thu~t.
Cac d6ng chi can be)va nhan vien ky thu~t cua TAngCong ty co thS tim dQc
ULili~unay theo cac ngu6n:
1. PhfrnmSm quan ly tai li~u: hrtp://tailieu.viettel.vn.
2. Lien M trgc tiSp vcriPhOngKy thu~t Cong ngh~ - T6ng Cong ty M~ng
lucriViertel.
Vcri xu thS cong ngM phat triSn khong ngimg, PhOng Ky thu~t Cong ngh~
kinh mong nh~n duQ'cy kiSn dong gop til de)ingii ky thu~t Viertel dS tiSp tvc b6
sung, hoan thi~n tai li~u cho phu hgp han trong qua trinh phat triSn mlimglucri.
MQi y kiSn dong gop xin gui vS PhOngKy thu~t Cong ngM - T6ng Cong ty
Ml;\ng lucri Viertel theo email: kt_vtnet@viertel.com.vn ho~c s6 di~n thol;\i:
~
04.62660291.
TONG CONG TY ~G
LUm VIETTEL
kV thufit
if
DANH MVC T
MUCLUC
viin thOng
MUCLUC
..
..
VIET TAT ...........................................................
3
. sa
.
IL M {Ing vo tuyen
,
2G ...............................................................................15
,
1. Thanl, phlin m{lng vo tuyen 2G ............................................................... 15
2. Khai nifm vi tai nguyen, dung IU(lng mq,ng 2G ................................................. 15
Vh"'A
17
al nl{!m ve~vu' ng p h U.....................................
3. .ll.j
,
"
ve chat lu(11tg d;ch v(l
19
4. M~t so khdi ni?m
,
20
IlL M (lng vI) tuyen 3G .................................................................
,
1. Thanh phlin m{lng 3G............................................................................... ~O
2. Khai ni?m vi tai nguyen, dung lu(11tg 36
20
...Khal,..",
:J.
nlf!m ve~"vung p h u ~~
.......................................
~....................................21
,
kf thutit
,
,-
viin thOng
MUCLUC
..
3.
4.
5.
..
Ac quy, ............
..........................
..
......
79
;5i~~~;~{)~1~[~~~g!yi~tjfr@'g';g~llii~
~ffli~:i~t:I~t~ll~iJ~~r~'li~3j~tt~!:~g~!t[~gi~~
2G
3G
ADSL
AUC
AuthenticationCenter
BGM
Background Music
Nhl).cn~n
BSC
BTS
Nhl).Cchuong cM da am.
DSLAM
DWDM
GGSN
GMSC
GPRS
Dich
GSM
HLR
HSPA
HSUPA
IP
Internet Protocol
MCA
ME
Mobile Equipment
MS
Mobile Station
Trl).mdi dQng
MSC
MSS
NodeB
PSlN
RNC
CRBT
HSDPA
NodeB
V\l
V\l
di dQng
",.;i"~;I:'i:.~\'"
7-- i'
i';J":~':'~-,
__
'i
"~\:Vietetiit'1\i,
thOng
:'!;;S~~~~~S~lsrig~i~t'tti9Jj:~:a{f~~g
;~'2';;ii;i!@~gj1f9g~;#~Ii~:;~~';i!,:<?t'<
,tOi:!;'~;~"'-,_;',:",i"___
._.;'~~?i
SIM
SDH
SGSN
SMSC
STM-l
STP
TD
Terminal Device
DE
User Equipment
VSAT
WAP
VLR
~.
kjJ thupt
viin thong
VIEN THONG
I.
La t~p hqp thiet bi vin thong duqc lien ket voi nhau bang
1 MfJng viin thOng dUOng truyn dan d6 cung cAp dich Vl,lvin thong, dich Vl,lUng
d\ll1g vin thong.
La dich Vl,lgiri; truyen, nh~ va xu lythong tin giua hai ho~c
Dich V{lviin
mOt nhom nguai su dl,mg dich Vl,lvin thong, bao g6m dich Vl,l
2
thong
co ban va dich Vl,lgia tri gia tang.
La dich Vl,lsu dllng dUOng truyen diin vin thong ho~c m~g
vin
thong d6 cung cAp dich Vl,lUng d\ll1g trong linh VlfC cong
Dicl,v{lung
3
d{lng viin thOng ngM thOng tin, pMt thanh, truyn hinh, thuong m~i, tai chinh,
ngan hang, van Ma, thong tin, y te, giao dllC va linh vl1'CkMc.
La dich Vl,lduqc truyen ruc thai thong tin qua m~ng vin thOng
(bao g6m ca Internet) rna khong lam thay d6i lo~i hinh ho~c
nOi dung thOng tin. Day la lo~i dich Vl,lt6i thi6u (dan gian
4 Dich V{lcu btln
nhAt) rna nha cung cAp dich V1,l cAp cho khach hang, dl1'a tren
nang ll1'Cco ban Clla nha cung cAp dich Vl,l.
La dich Vl,llam tang them gia tn thong tin clla nguai su dllng
dich Vl,lb~ng cach hoan thi~n lo~i hinh, nOi dung thong tin
ho~c cung cAp kha nang lUll trU, khoi phllC thong tin do tren co
Dich V{Igia tri
5
sa su d\ll1g m~g vin thOng. Nhiing dich Vl,lnay thu~ ti~n
gia tang
han cho nguai su d\ll1g, khong chi ket n6i thiet bi dliu cu6i, co
kha nang cung cAp rOng khfrp va tinh cuoc linh ho~t.
La doanh nghi~p duqc thanh l~p theo pMp lu~t Vi~t Nam va
Doanh nghi?p
6
duqc cAo giAy ohep kinh doanh dich Vl,lvin thOng.
viin thon/!
La to chuc, ca nhan cung cap dich Vl,lvin thOng cho nguai su
dllng dich Vl,lvin thong thOng qua hqp d6ng d~i ly kY vm
BfJi Ij dich V{I
7
doanh nghi~p vin thong d6 huang hoa h6ng ho~c ban l~i dich
viin thong
Vl,lvin thong d6 huang chenh l~ch gia.
La to chUc, ca nhan giao ket hqp dong su dllng dich Vl,lvin
NguiJi siCd{lng
thOng voi doanh nghi~p vin thOng ho~c d~i ly dich Vl,lvin
8 dicl, vu viin
thOng.
thOn/!
.
La nguai su d\ll1g dich Vl,lvin thong co gan voi vi~c an dinh
Thue bao viin
tai nguyen vin thong ho~c dUOng truyn diin vin thOng Cll
9
thong
th6.
La thiet bi ky thu~t, bao gom philn cUng va phan mem, duqc
10 Thiet bi viin
dung d6 thl1'c hi~n vin thong.
thon/!
La thiet bi vin thOng co dinh ho~c di dOng duqc dau noi vao
Thi2t bi itau
di6m ket cu6i clla m~g vin thOng d6 giri, truyn, nh~ va xU
11
,{.
CUOl
thOng tin clla nguai su d\ll1g.
. .
Iv
11
Th~2t bi itau
cuoi thue bao
12
Thi2t bi m{lng
13
BuiJnfl truv~n
Thuat ne:fr
dan
14
15
CD SO' ItfJtling
viln t/tOn!!
16
17
Kltosa viln
t/tOng
18
Tilinguyen
Internet
19
Pita ,tlin sa va
tuyen ili?n
21
Trungtam
cltuyin mfJclt
22
H? tltang btio
Iti?u
kg tltuf.t viln
t/tOng
TT
kY thup-t viin
Thuatngfr
thOng
Iv
III.
Thu~it n ii'
Clucc nang
va cac
thanh phOn
trongmfJng
PSTN
Viettel
Thuatn
Thuebao
attach
Thuebao
re istered
Thuebao
phat sinh
ClfdC
thOng
TT
Thuebao
hOfJtilpng 2
chi2u
TllUe bao
hOfJtil{ing 1
chiJu
TllUe bao
khaibtio
(HLR
7
Thuebao
active OCS
Thue bao active: S6 thue bao kich ho~t goi cuac tren OCS
III. Mqt
kY thuq.t viin
t/tOng
1. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
ca dinh Viettel
- TruOng hqp cimg khu vvc: Di dQng +-7BTS/Node B +-7BSCIRNC +-7MSC +-7GMSC
+-7TOLL +-7Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh.
- TruOng hqp khlic khu vvc: Di dQng +-7BTS/Node B +-7BSCIRNC +-7MSC +-7GMSC
+-7TOLL(1) +-7TOLL(2) +-7Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh.
2. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
Homephone
- TruOng hqp dmg MSC: Di dQng +-7 BTS +-7 BSC +-7 MSC +-7 BSC +-7 BTS +-7
Homephone.
- TruOng hqp khlic MSC:
T6ng dfli chuy~n m~ch mm su dVng cong ngM IP: Di dQng H BTS +-7BSC +-7
MSS +-7MSS# +-7BSC +-7BTS +-7Homephone.
T6ng dfli chuy~n m~ch mm su dVng cong ngM TDM: Di dQng +-7BTS +-7BSC +-7
MSC +-7GMSC +-7MSC# +-7BSC +-7BTS +-7Homephone.
3. Di d9ng Viettel
+-7
Di d9ng mfJ-ngkhac
+-7
ca dinh mfJ-ngkhac
Di dQng Viettel +-7BTS +-7BSC +-7MSC +-7GMSC Viettel +-7TOLL Viettel +-7
TOLL m~g khlic +-7Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh m~g khlic.
5.
ca dinh
Viettel
+-7
ca dinh mfJ-ngkhac
c6 dinh Viettel +-7Host +-7Tandem +-7TOLL Viettel +-7TOLL m~g khlic +-7
Tandem +-7Host +-7c6 dinh m~g khlic
6. Til"thue hao di d9ng 3G truy nh~p internet
10
vo tuy~n
A. M~ng
Khai ni~m:
- La goc xac diOOdi) Cl,lP,ngfulg
clla anten, co tac dl,lfig diu
chiOOviIng pM song clla cell.
- Co 3 lo~i Tilt: Tilt co, tilt dien
va tilt t6ng, trong do:
.
Tilt t6ng = Tilt co + Tilt
nllt~ng
di~n.
nitta \
Ti!t cO': duqc thay d6i bfutg cach
dieu chiOO C(J khi h~ th5ng ga
clla antenna. Tilt co duoc tiOO
b~g goc hqp bai m~it' phfutg
nam ngang (song song vai m~t
dAt) va dUOng thfutg vuong goc
vai m~t Clla antenna (goc nay
ciiJ}gbfutg goc OOQnt~o bai m~t
phang antenna va dUOng th~g
Chieu cao cQt J
vo goc vai m~t dAt).
Chieu cao GSM
Tilt di~n: dl!<Jcdiu chiOObfutg
cach thay doi pha clla tin hieu
vao m6i chAn tlr Clla ante~a.
Hinh 2: G6c Tilt cua Antenna
Tilt di~n duqc tinh bfutg goc ~o
bai tia vuong goc vai m~t Giai tbich:
Hinh v~ tren the hi~n m~t dt dimg cua song
antenna va trl,lc Clla blip song
vo tuyen duqc pMt di til antenna.
chinh.
- Tia Upper va tia lower la t~p hqp cac diem co
Tblfc ti~n: Antenna co tilt t6ng
cUOngdi) b(suy hao 3dB so vai cUOngdi) thu
cang 16'n (C1,1ptilt) thi blin kiOO
duqc clla diem tuang (rng nfim tren trl,lcClla
phll cang bi thu h~p. Nguqc l~i,
blip song chinh thea m~t dt dimg.
ant~nna co tilt t6ng cang 006
- Goc hqp bai 2 tia nay la 7 di) va duqc gQi la
(ngang tilt) thi ban kiOO phll
goc suy hao 3dB.
cang dU<JCrna ri)ng.
11
kji thugt
viin thOng
e (degrees)
180
o gain
(dBi)
270
La dQ cao treo anten, tinh tU day anten den mi;itdilt va duQ'c thiet ke de dam bao
M song Cllatr{lill.
'1Jj ':,"
Khai ni~m: La dQ cao Clla CQttreo anten, Hnh tU dinh cQt den chan cQt.
Th,!c ti~n: f)Q cao CQtduQ'c thit ktheo mvc dfch pM song va di;icdi~m Clla vi tri di;it
cQt.f)Q cao CQt h6 bin CllaViette11a: 36m, 42m, 48m, 54m va 60m.
Thuat n if
GoS
eel
'
kg thuq-t viin
Thuat n fr
don vi do: %):
thOng
= -------
LUll
TU
(Traffic Utilisation
- Hi~u su&tsu d\mg
titi nguyen, don vi
do:%):
Trong do:
+ Ml}.ng2G:
LUll luqng gia cao di~m (Ed): LUll luqng duQ'c lAy til
s5 li~u th5ng ke lUll luqng vao gia cao di~m hang ngay
LUll luqng dap Ung (Ed): LUll luqng rna h~ th5ng co
khA nang h6 trQ' duQ'c tra til bang Edang B Ung vai s5
kenh TCH toan t5c va e&pd(>dich Y\l(GoS) la 2%.
+ Ml}.ng3G:
LUll luqng gia cao di~m, duQ'ctinh bfulg tBng lUllluqng
tho~i (Ed) va data (MB), trong d6 Ed duQ'c quy dBi ra
don vi MB theo cong thuc 1 Ed = 45 ME.
LUll luqng dap dUng cua 1 ce1l3G la 1800 MB.
Gilii thieh: cach quy dBi 1 Ed = 45 MB
Thuat n fr
Erlang
(Vi~t t~t:Erl)
Mega Bytes
B
A(Erl)=-
M th5ng.
13
BnCA(Busy
Hour Call
Attem~t:
IAn
yeu cau cUQC
gQi trong giir
cao di~m
sa
BHCAlSub
mErl/Sub
MB/sub
La t6ng s6 yeu du cue)c g9i tho~i vao t6ng dai trong gia cao
di~m (cue)c g9i do co th~ duqc t6ng dai k~t n6i thfmh cong
ho~c khong thfmh cong). Blnh thuang, BHCA trung blnh clla 1
thue bao la 1,2 BHCA/thue bao.
DiIng de dcinh gia hfmh vi khach hang theo so cue)c g9i de ph\lc
V\ldinh ca, han b6 h~ th6ng cho hiI h.
DiIng de dcinh gia hfmh vi khach himg theo thai luqng cue)cg9i
d~ h\lc V\ldinh ca, han b6 M th6ng cho hiI h. .
DiIng de dcinh gia hfmh vi khach hang theo dung luqng data sir
d\lDgtrong thang/tuAn/ngay d~ ph\lc V\ldinh ca, phan b6 h~
th6ng cho hiI hgp.
Thuat ngft
14
kji thuW
viin thOng
TT
Thuatn2ii'
BSC(Base
Station
Controller BQ diu
khin tr~
g&c)
BTS(Base
Transceiver
Station Tr~thu
pMt g&c)
MS(Mobile
Subscriber Thue bao di
dQng)
Thu(it nJ!ii
Bang tan
26
Thuat n it
Thvc ti~n
D6i vai bang tfut 2G, Viette1 duQ'cdp phep va su d\ll1gthi~t bi thu
Mt vo tuy~n di~n cong ngh~ GSM hOl;ltd9ng & bang tfut 900 MHz va
1800 MHz. Trong do:
Bang tfut 900 MHz: Viette1 duQ'cdp 41 kenh, m6i kenh co d9 r9ng
200 KHz, thu tv kenh ill 43 d~n 83;
Bang tfut 1800 MHz: Viette1 duQ'cdp 100 kenh, m6i kenh co d9
r9ng 200 KHz, thu tv kenh ill 712 d~n 811;
~
'~
$$M!iloct
A,
~~
~,~''.'9':'Q~~h;:~~kH~,
,"3~H)"
)~r~
~inh 2QOkM:::
1710~~A
I
A."- ~
,515-
,"S:
.960
".~
'
,~
1l'$S
I.
B{fng J<!1l'C-;SA(900,\(F#\JlJbii!l'f{
UIl)S
tt~l /l:$MJ8{jOM/1z
cliu hinh
2
cua tr{lm
BTS
FRvaHR
Luu lU(fng
tho{li
ErVTRX
a so card thu pMt (TRX) duQ'c diu hinh va Hip d~t tl;litrl;lffi.De diun bao
, g pM, cac trl;lmBTS thuCmg co 3 cell, m6i cell thuCmg co c&uhinh 2
?~~
4 _TRX. s6 1uqng
nhiu hay it ph\! thu9C vao m~t d9 thue bao tl;l~~;.~
!tn dl;lttrl;lmcao ha tha .
~rii;1i'v-, '
a thOng so cho bi~t tOC,d9 rna hoa thol;li duQ'c dung cho kenh thol;lila FK;~~E~
ull Rate - Tow toc: Toc
d9
tuong (eng tren giao di~n Urn 1a 13 kbps) hav;:~,N,
,
,
, {hr}n{"
(Half Rate - Ban toc: Toc d9 tuong (eng tren giao di~n Urn 1a6,5 kbp~1!. ~l;~"
i 1uu 1uqng ml;lllgtang cao, 01 khe thai gian duQ'c danh rieng cho tm .:1'"
ue bao dang hOl;ltd9ng & ch~ d9 FR ( 01 kenh FR) duQ'c diu khin tach"
hanh 02 kenh HR d ph\!c Vl) cho 02 thue bao. Nhu v~y, dung 1uqng
l;lllgco th duQ'ctang g& dol.
y thuyet: La 1uu 1uqng thol;lico the dap (eng duQ'ctoi da tren 1 b9 thu pMt
TRX).
1JCtin:
Luu 1uqng thol;lisu d\!ng t6i da tren 1 b9 thu pMt (TRX) d dam bao s6
ell co tY 1~nghen kenh TCH < 2% chi~m <1 % t6ng s6 cell cua tow ml;lllg
usau:
Cell du hinh 2TRX: 6.5 ErVTRX; tuong (eng vai 13 Ed/Cell
Cell du hinh 4TRX: 8.6 ErVTRX; tuong (eng vm 34.4 Ed/Cell
~ nh~t 1fut1:
.
-rp:
a ,nang ph\lc
Khll nang
ph(lc V(l
cua cell
"
a so thue bao thol;li (su d\ll1g kenh toan tOc) toida co the ph\!c Vl) duQ'c
6ng thai cua m9t cell. DuQ'cxac dinh nhu sau:
s6 thue bao thol;lid6ng thai = 8* s6 TRX - 1 TS BCCH - s6 TS khai bao
ho SDCCH - s6 TS khai bao dwh rieng cho EDGE.
i d\!: cell co 2TRX, khai bao 2 kenh SDCCH va 1 TS danh rieng cho
DGE 7 t6ng s6 thue bao thol;lico th chl;l d6n thai 1a: 8*2 - 1 - 2 - 1
16
tltOng
3. Khai ni~m v~
TT
kj thuvt viln
VilDg
Thuat ngfi'
phu
Khai niem/Dac diSm
Ly thuySt
Cong suat
phat eiia
eellBTS
(dan vi do:
dBmho~c
W)
Cuimg
tlV
tin hi?u thu
2G
(Rxlevel,
don vi do:
dBm ho~c
W)
~a tBng cong suAt pMt t~i dAu ra cua cac kh6i thu pMt (TRX) duQ'c cfiu'
h}nh cho cell BTS. Cong suAtpMt ph\! thuQc vao cAuhinh cua cell, bang
tan ho~t dQng va lo~i tU cua vendor l}ao.
I.
Th1}'cte:
- Tr(lffl 900: Cong suAt pMt cua tr~m d~t gia tri Ian nhAt ~4 7
dBm/TRX (50W) d6i vai cell cfiu hinh 2 TRX, ~44 dBm/TRX d6i
vai Cell cfiu hinh 4TRX.
Tr(lffl 1800~ Cong suAt,pMt cua tr~ d~t gia tri 100, nhAt ~45
dBm/TRX doi vai Cell diu hinh 2 TRX, ~42 dBm/TRX doi vai Cell
cfiu hinh 4TRX
La thong so bi~u di~n cong suat tin hi~u vo tuyen 2G thu duQ'c t~i MS ,
ho~c BTS (duang len), cho bi~t song m~nh hay yu.
\
Gia tri cua RxLev trong khoang tir -110 dBm (song rAt yu) tai -47 dBm :'
'song rAtkhoe).
'
,
Thrrc tien:
,,
Khu vuc TplTx dang bing
Khu vuc mi~n nui
l
I<
>= -75dBm
.
, r.:
>=-8 dBm
Mti'c tat
(dAysong va 5n dinh)
~
. .;.
-75 den -90 dBm
Mti'cchip
'[?'
,
-80 dSn- 5dBm.
(dAysong va kh6ng 5n dinh)
nMn duO'c
<=-90dBm
<=-95dBm.
Mti'c tBi
(kh6ng dAysong)
.
17
TT
kg thupt
viin thOng
Thuat n if
~'''''"~.~
.....
i"'.'-
.. "j'"
. I
...
r.
INTERt=ERENCESiG-NAL
+"
....
_. ..... - ..
":-.
~--
~~l'l~l~_~~.~
Hinh 7: Tin hi?u nhilu
mang
Lythuy~t
La khoang each til chan tr~m dn diem xa nh~t theo huang bUp song
hinh rna dich V\l con dam bao ch~t IUQ'Ilg.
BKPS ph\! thuQc vao dQ cao treo anten, goc ngAng (Tilt), tfuI s6 sir
\lOg va cong su~t pMt clla anten. Ngoai ra, BKPS con ph\! thuQc vao dia
inh, moi truOng truyn song.
Th .
c tiin:
Ban kfnh
phlisong
clia m{jt cell
(don vi do:
rn, km)
.~~
~'bl
-:r.c;;;'
BKPS tmg v6'i cUOng dQ tin 'hi~u Wi thieu trong nha (RxLevel)
90dBm:
Uei Vlti!f
Ban kinh hU son
Bfa hinh
.; 10111j
900 MHz
1800 MHz~N',6i.
Khu Y\lC trung tam thanh pM (Dense
250m- 350m
150m-250nl7i
Urban), vai dQ cao anten trimg binh -25m:
Khu Y\lC ngoliri0 thanh pho, thj xli (Urban),
550m- 800m
370m-540m
vm dQ cao anten trung binh -30m:
Khu Y\lC dong bang dong dan cu
(SubUrban), vai dQ cao
anten
trung 1.3km- 2.5km
870m-l.7km
binh-36m:
Khu Y\lC nang than (Rural), vai dQ cao 3 km- 4 km
2 km- 3.7km
anten trung binh -42m
Khu Y\lC mien nui, vai dQ cao anten trung
>4km
Kh6ng sit dl,mg
binh-57m:
,:~m
~!,
Ly thuy~t:
La di~n tich clla hinh I\!c giac co dUOng kinh Ia ban kinh phll song clla
rnQt cell.
ThU'ctiin:
5
Di?n tfch
phlisong
clia m{jt cell
(don vi do:
km2)
Di~~ tich pM song tmg v6'i cuOng dQ tin hi~u t6i thiu trong nha.
(RxLevei ~ -90dBm (di?n t[ch tuem Un
Dien ti h
Bfa hinh
900 MHz
Khu Y\lC trung tam thanh ph6 (Dense
Tit 0.041 din
Urban), vai dQ cao anten trung binh
0.08km2.
~25m:
Khu Y\lC ngo~i a thanh phD, thj xli
Tit 0.196 din
rban, vai dQ cao anten trun binh
Thuat
ngfr
den 4.059km
~6m:
Khu V\l'Cnong thon (Rural), v6i dQ cao
anten trung binh ~42m:
kmL
2
- Vimg 16m lit viIng/khu vvc/dol;lIl du<mg khong co song ho~c song rAt
\l~U, duQ'c xac dinh qua thong s6 RxLev do duQ'c ho~c s6 v~ch song tren
6
..Vimglom
~~~ili~.~~:
f-
4.
~
,,,
2G
MQt
sa khai
'I
.\\'~
>rONG
'~~tltU
i C;11~~
'1';",>
\ V;A'""i
~~\.~t
~,~
"':,:1.iJ
Gt
.,~
\.
Thu~tngfr
Vi~t tiit
each tInh
Target'~~
mucml}.n~l;\
(%)
TCRp
SDRp
CSSRp
CDRp
~'}t
SCRp
0.15/
0.6
0.33
HOSRp
~:}
99.44
0.59
98.96
19
kY tltul)t viin
thOng
Thuat n ft
Bang tan di
ilpng 3G
Lythuy~t
Bang tAnla diUtAnsf, duQ'cgi6'i h~ b6'i 1 tAn sf, thAp nhAtva 1 tAn sf,
aonhk
Bang tAn duQ'c sir dVng d~ tru ~n tin hi~u vo tuy~n iua MS va Node
20
TT
Thuat ngii'
~.
Cac tai
nguyen
m{lng
va
tuyin3G
Thtrc ti~n
Hi~~ t~i Viertel co 4.5 kenh tful s6 3G 6 bang tful 2100 MHz (bang
thong 5 MHz! kenh), trong do 4 kenh lien 1\Jcill 2115 dn 2135 MHz.
Kenh tful s6 con I~i dang dung chung, chua co phan djnh ra rang v
phl;lillvi sir d\mg v6'i m~g Vietnamobile.
Tai nguyen m.rc cell (carrier):
- Tai nguyen cong suAt cltr<mgxu6ng: Trong m~ng Viertel dang khai
bao cong suAtph6 bin la 20W/cell (song mang). TAt cac cac kt n6i
tho~i, data, bao hi~u du tieu t6n mi)t Im;mg cong suAt nhAt dinh
trong t6ng 20W tren.
_Tai nguyen ma tr,!c giao cltr(mg xu6ng (code): Dung d~ trai ph6
tin hi~u clla ngm'ri dting, m6i mi)t cell 3G co 128 rna trlJc giao
SF128. M6i mi)t dich vv khac nhau thi tieu t6n rna trvc giao khac
nhau.
- Vi dV: M6i mi)t cUQcgQi tho~i cful 1 rna SF128, tuy nhien m6i mi)t
kt n6i data v6'i t6c di) 128 Kbps, cful mi)t IUQ1lgtai nguyen tuemg
duemg v6'i 8 SF128.
- Tai nguyen nhi~u cltri'rnglen.
Tai nguyen m.rc NodeB:
- Tai nguyen CE (channel elecment): la tai nguyen xir Iy clio mi)t
cui)c gQi (cll tho~i, bao hi~u va data). G6m 2 dUOng: CE UL va C~\
OC.
Khii
nang
ph(lc V(I cua
ce1l3G
.li~:.
- M6i mi)t dich V\l khac nhau thi t!eu ~6ntai nguyen CE khac nhau.
Tai nguyen lub: bang th0l.!gtr;ty~n.dan tren giao di~n Iub git!a Nodlfil:: 1
va RNC. Bang thong yeu diu toi thieu cho 1 cell 3G la 7 Mbps.$:;f
Ly thuyet: Nang IlJc dap lIng dich V\l clla cell 3Gtrong dieu ki~n bin1f
thuOng 6 ml;lngViertel.
Th,!c ti~n:
D6i v~ tr,m cAu hinh 1/1/1:
- Neu chi sir dVng Data:
Nang IlJc la t6c di) dt! li~u trung binh clla Cell3G.
Tr~m Inbuilding: 8 Mbps/Cell.
KV Thanh ph6: 5 Mbps/Cell.
KV Nong than: 7 Mbps/Cell.
- Nu chi sir dVng thol;li: I cell 3G co th~ h6 trq ~49 kt nbi thol;li
d6ng thoi, tuemg lIng voo traffic thol;lioffer la ~40 Ed.
Ghi cM: V 6'i offer clla Data dang sir dl,lllgtrong m~g Viertella
1800MB/gio -7 quy d6i 1 Ed = 1800MB/40Ed = 45 MB.
Thuat ngii'
, Lythuy~t
Cong sufit La t6ng cong suAtpMt 6 dau ra clla card thu pMt.
cua
phat
Thl}'c t~:
cell (dem vi Trong m~g Viertel hi~n dang cAuhinh cM yu:
do: dBm).
- Cong suAtpMt ClJCdl;liclla I cell3G la: 43 dBm (20W)
21
.,'
Thriat nrr
Ctritng ilV
tin hi?u thu
2
(RSCP
- don vi do:
dBrn)
3G
Chat [mlng
tin lli?u 3G
(EclNo).
kj thuV-tviln thOng
SIGNAL
Lythuy~t
La khoang cach tir chan tr~ den dirn xa nhAt theo hu6ng song chinh,
rna dich V\l con diirn bao chAt lugng.
BKPS ph\! thuQc vao dQ cao, goc ngfulg (Tilt) va cong suAt pMt cua
anten. Ngoai ra, BKPS con ph\! thuQc vao dia hinh, rnoi truOng truyen
song va s6 nguai su d\!ng d6ng thai.
Th1fCti~n:
Ban
kinh Ban kinh hu son dich V\l data 512 kb s (DL):
phil
song
Bankfnh
Bia hinh
(theo
dich
Khu V\lC trung tam thanh pM (Dense Urban), vai
180m - 300m
V\l, don V!:
di) cao anten truIiihiIih ~23m:
rn,km
Khu V\lC ngo~ 0 thanh pM, thi xa (Urban), v6i
300m - 550m
di) cao anten trun binh ~27m:
'
Khu V\lC dong bang dong da cu (SubUrban),
O.6km-lkm
v6i di) ca anten trung bi h ~33m:
Khu V\lC nong thon (Rural), vai i) cao anten
1.8km- 2.8km
trungb nh~39m:
>2km
Khu V\lC mien nui, vai di) cao anten trung binh
~54m:
22
kg thu?t viin
thOng
Thuat n 0'
Ly thuy~t:
Lil di~n tich cua hinh h.IC giac c6 duang kinh = ban kinh pM s6ng cua
mQt cell.
Th,!c ti~n:
Di~n tich pM s6ng (mg vai cuang dQ tin hi~u trong nhil (RxLevel) ~ 90dBm (di?n tich tuang u-ngvai ban kinh hit son
Di?n
tEch
Di~n tlch phu
Dia hin
phu
song
son
cua mpt cell
Khu VlJC trung tam thanh pho (Dense Urban), vm
0.021-0.058 km2
(theo
dich
dOcao anten trung binh -23m:
VV, don V!
Khu VlJC ngoiili0 thi'lnhphO, thj xa (Urban), vai
0.058-0.196 km2
2
dOcao anten trung binh -27m:
km )
Khu VlJC
dong bang dong dan cu
0.234-0.65 km2
SubUrban), vai dOcao anten trung binh -33m:
Khu VlJC nong thOn (Rural), vm dO cao anten
2.104-5.092 km2
tru g binh -39m:
Khu VlJC mien nui, vm do cao anten trung binh
>2.598km2
-54m:
4. M{)t
sa khai
Vl}
Thu~t ngO'
'
Vi~t tlit
ry l~ nghen
vi~c
thit I~p kt n3i
radio access bear
cho dich vv thOl;li
Ty I~ nghen vi~c
thit I~p kt n3i
radio access bear
cho dich vv data
'fo i
\o~'
Target mU't;.>,
mang (%) ,,~;,
each nnh
RABCS
CR
0.13
RABPS
CR
0.32
CS CSSRp
99.45
23
~'l()
TT
Thu~t ngfr
ViStt~t
eaeh tinh
PS CSSRp
Ti l~ rOt cUQcg9i
tho~i (Tnh gid'
CS-CDRp
peak)
Ti l~ rOt cUQcg9i
data (I'nh gid' peak)
PS-CDRp
SHOSRp
Target mli'e
mang(%)
99.49
/~
0.32
::
'
\'
~\
0.83
99.77
24
Quyin
1: Cae thuQ,t
ngil
kf
thuQi viin
thOng
Phan
2. M(lng di i/{jng
Thu~t ngfr
TT
eaeh tinh
Target mli'e
mang(%)
96.88
90.15
Vi~t t~t
PSIRAT
HOSRp
HSDPA
User
Throughput
NA
vo
phu
La cac tac dQng vao m(;lllg1u&i(mem/ c(eng) de nang cao chat 1ugng m(;lng:
iam nhieu, tang ch~t 1ugng thO(;li...Vi~c tac dQng din ClIvao k~t qua do ki~m
Tai U'u chat
riving test, phan anh khach hang va theo d5i cac chi s3 KPI clla M th6ng t(;li
lU'(1ng mfJ.ng
u VlJCdo: CDR RxQua1, CII ... Co cac hanh dQng sau:
- Ki~m tra, kh~c ph\lc cac 16iphk c(eng Cllatr(;lffi(n~u co).
- Thay d5i cac thong s3 m~m tren M th6ng.
- Qu hO(;lch,t6i Uti l(;litk s6
La cac tac dQng vao m(;lllg1u&i(mem/ c(eng) de nang cao/ giam bat nang
gc dap (eng clla m(;lngt(;limQt dia dim/ khu vgc C\lth. Vi~c tlic dQng can ClI
ao k~t qua do ki~m driving test, phan anh khach hang va theo d5i hi~u su~t
Tai U'u dung
~ th3ng (TU) va mlIc dQnghen (TCR, SCR) t(;likhu VlJCdo. Theo mlIc dQtac
lU'(1ng mfJ.ng Qng d~n dung 1ugng, co cac hanh dQQgsau:
- Thay d5i ngu5ng HR share tai;
- Nang/h(;l cAuhinh;
25
TT
Thuat n fr
Toi uu man
phil
rai u:uchat
lU:!J'ngm{lng
vo tu
~-
en 3G
La cac mc dQng vao m~ng luO'i(mem! cung) de thay doi vimg phu s6ng
ua m~g: thu hyp vimg phU de gifun nhiu, mO'rQng vimg phU de tang dung
UQ'Ilgm~g. Vi~c tac dQng can cu vao k&tqua do kiem drivingtest, phan aM
ach hang va theo doi cac chi s6 KPI cua M th6ng t~i khu VVCd6: CDR,
SSR, RSCP ... C6 cac hanh dQng sau:
- Kiem tra, kh~c ph\lc cac 16iphful Ctrng cua tr~m (n&uc6).
Thay d6i cac thong s6 mm tren M th6ng: ...
- Thay d6i tilt, azimuth, dQ cao treo anten.
- Thay d6i dQ cao/ vi trl CQtanten.
- Sir d\lng cac thi&tbi ph\l trq Repeater ....
- L~p them tr~m mO'ihoi;ichuy bOv~tri trlPll khong phil hqp.
/3
La cac tac dQng vao m~ng luO'i(mem! Ctrng) de nang cao chat lUQ'Ilgm~ng:r(;f
iam nhiu, tang chAt luQ'Ilgtho~i... Vi~c tac dQng can ~u vao k&tqua ~o kiem \ *'
riving test, phan anh khach hang va theo doi cac chi so KPI cua M thOng t~i
u VVCd6: CDR, Ec/No ... C6 cac hanh dQng sau:
- Kiem tra, kh~c ph\lc cac 16iphAn Ctrng cua trlPll (n&uc6).
- Thay d6i .cac thong
.~<'~
..
,s6 mm tren M th6ng.
r '(
- Quy ho~ch l~i tan so
ntL .
-' ),
La cac tac dQng vao m~g luO'i(mem! Ctrng) de nang cao/ gifun bat nang )~
\ICday trng cua 11,1~gt~i mQt dia diem! khu VVCC\lthe. Vi~c tac dQng can ?u~~
ao k~t qua do kiem driving test, phan aM khach hang va theo doi hi~u suat ~
~ thOng (TV) va muc dQnghen (TCR, SCR) t~i khu VVCd6. Theo muc dQtac
rai u:u dung Qng d&ndung luQ'Ilg,c6 cac hanh dQng sau:
lU:!J'ngm{lng - Thay d6i ngu5ng HR, share tai;
- Nang/h~ cAuhinh;
- L~p them tu (cosite);
- Thi&tk&va l~p them tr~m mO'L
26
leV thulit
viln thOng
B.~~ngloidid9ng
I. Thanh ph~n
1. ~~ng CS (Circuit Switching - ~~ng chuy~n:m~ch kenh)
TT
Thuat nl!ft
MSC
MSS
GMSC
4 . STP
HLR
Thu~t ngft
SGSN
GGSN
PCRF
Thu~t ngif
WAP
Gateway
Thuat n if
M{mgVAS
1
SMSC
SMSC
Router
MMSC
CRBT
MCA
Man
IN
DCS
VC
SMSC (Short Message Service center): Trung tam dich Y\l nhan tin
ng~n: Cung dp dich Y\l SMS (nh~ tin ng~n) cho thue bao di' dQng,
home hone.
SMSC Router: Cung cap dich Y\l SMS, nhung khac bi~t vcri SMSC la
chi thgc hi~n chuy~n tip bim tin SMS rna khong thgc hi~n luu va gui
I~i SMS (nu bim tin bi gui thllt b~i) - xu Iy tin nh~ lap I. Cac bim tin
thllt b~i nay se dugc gui chuy~n tip sang SMSC d~ thgc hi~n gi'ri Il;!i2!:!<1
(retry).
;oHGtf
dl
MMSC (Multimedia Message Service Center): Trung tam tin nhan da Ji-!!ir,H
Vim
huan ti~n: Cun cll dich V1,1
MMS cho thue bao di dQng.
CRBT (Color Ring Back Tone): H~ thong cung cap dich V1,1 nhl;!C,ND?1.
chuong cM cho thue bao di dQng va home phone. Bao g6m co M-node .i~~
va C-node:
...
+) M-node: Management node CRBT - Node ml;!ngquim Iy dich Y\l va
thong tin cua cac thue bao dang kY su d1,1ngdich V1,1 CRBT.
+) C-node: Call node CRBT - Node mlPlg xu Iy cUQcg<;>i
cho cae thue
bao co dang kY dich Y\l nh~c cM nay va thgc hi~n play hai nhl;!C
chuon cha cho thue bao g<;>i
too.
MCA: (Missed Call Alert): H~ thOng cung cap dich Y\l thong bao cUQc
<;>i
nha.
~Ho;
28
k thuiit
viin thOng
CPLoad
MHT
MCT
SCC
TPS
SAU
PDP
Context
Thu~t ngil
Throughput
CP Load: DQ chiem d\lng tai nguyen CPU, thuOng de danh gia tM cac
kh6i xu ly, dieu khien.
MHT: Mean Holding Time - Thai gian giu cUQcgQitrung binh, tinh ill
khi cUQcgQi duqc thit I~p dn khi kt thuc cUQcgQi.
MCT: Mean Conversation Time - Thai gian dam tho~i trung binh, tinh
ill khi tni lai cUQcgQi dn khi kt tMc cUQcgQi.
SCC: Simultaneous Call Capacity - So cUQc gQi duqc kt n6i dong
thai, dimg d6 danh gia nang hJc kt n6i tho~i cua t6ng dai.
TPS: Transaction Per Second - So tuong tac/giiiy, mQt tuong tac la S\l'
kt hqp giua mQt yeu du va mQt dap Ung. TPS dung de dinh cO' nang
I\l'cxu Iy cua cac M th6ng nhu STP, WAPGW, MMSC, PCRF ..
SAU (Simultaneously Attached Users): Tong so thue bao nh~p m~g
dang duqc quan Iy t~i SGSN t~i mQt thai di6m.
(Packet Data Protocol context): T6ng so ngu cimh PDP (hay la so
phien kt n6i data) dfi thit I~p va dang duqc ph\lc Y\l t~i mQt thai
diem, tai nguyen nay duqc quan Iy bOi SGSN, GGSN.
Throughput: Kha. nang xu Iy luu luqng cua tong dai SGSN, GGSN
(don vi tinh Mbps ho~c pps - packets per second).
"
"
MOMT/s
10
CAPS
11
VRB
channel
MOMT/s: Tong luu luqng tin nhan chieu len (Message Originate: Tir:
thue bao len t6ng dai tin nh~n) va chi~u xu6ng (Message Terminate: P
Tir t6ng dai tin nh~ xu6ng thue bao) tinh trong 01 giiiy.
CAPS (Call Attemp Per Second): So luqng cUQc gQi den M thOng
trong 1 giiiy.
VRB channel (Voice Resource Board channel): Kenh v~t ly ph\lc
play nh~c chuong cha cho thue bao.
Y\l
Thu~t ngil
RHCA/Sub
mErl/Sub
SMSMO/Sub
SMSMT/Sub
TT
Thu,t ngii'
Khlii ni~m/D~cdiSm
cho phUhgp.
PDP/sub
Throughput
/sub
Download
times
Dung d danh gili so lUQ'Ilgthiet l~p phien ket noi data (ngu canh PDP
context) trung binh cua I thue bao phat sinh luu lUQ'Ilg,vao gia cao
di~m.
Ho~c la Mbps/sub, dUng de danh gia luu lUQllgsir d\ll1gtrung binh cua
1 thue bao phat sinh luu.luQllg, trong gia cao di~m.
Download times: So liln thue bao thvc hi~n Uli,t~g, sao chep nh~c
chuong chao
1
2
Thu,t ngii'
LUSR
PSR
Khlii ni~m/D~cdi~m
LUSR: Ty 1~ c~p nh~t vi tri thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia kh* nang
truy nh~p thanh cong vao m~g cua cac thue bao.
PSR: Ty l~ tim gQi thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia kha nang tim gQi
thue bao, tir do co th~ danh gia viIng pM va tai nguyen dap irng cua
m~g lu&i.
..-
Jl
le'
UOi
rvH
'f)
'rH
'INC
HOSR
HOSR: Ty l~ chuyen giao thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia khil nang
';AY
~._-duy tri cUQcgQitrong khi di chuy~n cua thue bao ..
AuSR
AuSR: Ty l~ nh~ thvc thanh cong (nh~ thvc la tM 1\lckiem tra tinh
hgp phap cua thue bao nhfun dam bao thue bao duQ'cphep truy nh~p
m~g va thvc hi~n cac dich V\l m~ng).
CCR
CCR: Ty l~ thiet l~p cUQcgQi thanh congo Ty l~ nay danh gia khil nang
thit l~p cUQcgQithanh cong qua t6ng dai.
(\
2. Man
. g PS
TT
1
Thu,tngii'
Att-SR
Att-SR: Ty l~ nh~p m~ng thanh cqng trong mien chuyn m~ch goi.
La tY s6 giua s6 Idn nh~p m~ng (attach) thanh cong tren t6ng s6 yeu
cAunh~p m~ng (attach), th6ng ke tren giao di~n Gb, Iu-PS.
PDP-SR-S
PDP-SR-G
,
3
Khlii ni~m/D~cdiSm
30
Thu~t ngft
Intra-RAU
Inter-RAU
PCC-SR
Intra-RAU: Ty l~ c~p nh~t vimg dinh tuyen nQi SGSN thanh congo
La 15's6 giua s6 lfut c~p nh~t vimg d!nh tuyn nQi SGSN thanh cong
tren t6ng s6 lfut yeu cAuc~p nh~t vilng dinh tuyn nQi SGSN
Inter-RAU: Ty l~ c~p nh~t vilng dinh tuyen lien SGSN thanh congo La
15's6 giua s6 lfut c~p nh~t vimg d!nh tuyn lien SGSN thanh cong tren
t6ng s6 lfut yeu cAuc~p nh~t vimg dinh tuyn lien SGSN
PCC-SR: Ty l~ truy van dieu khien. tinh cu&c va chinh sach thanh
cong, th6ng ke tren h~ th6ng PCRF.
3. M~ng VAS, IN
TT
Thuat n2ft
SMOSR
SMTSR
MMOSR
MMTSR
RBT SR
31
PHAN 3. M~G
TT
Thuat n fr
ADSL
FTTx
Leased
line kenh
triing
Office
WAN
PhOn 3. Mang
c6 tlinh
CO DJNH
TT
6
7
not
Tj l? mat
oi
Tjl?goi
tin fai
Biin thien
tlp trl
:Jitter
Tae tlp tiii
dfi Ii?u
trung binh
10
Bang
thong
(Bandwidth)
Hi?u suat
11
sud(lng
bang
thOng
Thiligian
thiit l{ip
12
13
dich V(l
thOng
Thuat n fr
Df.trl kit
kp thuat viln
v&i OOan thaOO mQt m~g rieng iio tren cac khofmg cach dia Iy khac
OOan.
- Chi phi thfip. Day Iii giiii phap k6t n6i thong tin m&i vm chi phi thfip
hon OOien so v&i cac cong ngM tnr&c day OOu Leasedline,
FrameReiay.
- TiOO liOOho~t vii 6n djnh cao theo cac yen cAn rieng bi~t cua ~ach
hang.
- Khii nang trien khai cung cfip dich Y\l OOanh chOng vii thu~ ti~n.
- K6t n6i di~n rQng: NQi tiOO, lien tinh, qu6c t6.
- H~ tAng da d~g: ADSL, ADSL2+, FTTx, ... , ca d6ng, ca
nang.
DQ tr Iii khoiing thai gian tir hIe goi tin duQ'c gtri di cho den khi OO~n
duQ'c goi tin phiin h6i tir phia dich.
DQ tr phiin anh muc dQ nghen duang truyen, dQ tr ti I~ thu~ v&i
muc dQ nghen duang tru en.
Ty I~ mat goi Iii tY I~ gifra so goi tin bi mat vm tong so goi tin truyen
qua k6t n6i trong mQt dan vi thai ian.
Ti I~ goi tin 16i Iii tY so gifra so goi tin bi 16i CRC v&i tong so goi tin
truyen ua k6t n6i trong mQt khoiin thai ian.
Bi6n thien dQ tr Iii SlJ khac bi~t ve dQ tr cua cac goi tin khac OOan
tren cling hu6'ng di ho~c ve.
- Toc dQ tiii dfr li~u trung biOO gom hai 10~i: Toc dQ Uli xuong trung
biOO vii t6c dQ tiii len trung binh.
- T6c dQ tiii dfr li~n trung binh Iii tY s6 gifra t6ng dung Iuqng tiii
len!xu6ng tren t6ng thai gian thlJc hi~n tiii Ien!xu6ng.
Bang thong Iii toc dQ dfr li~u toi da mii duang truyen co the dap (mg.
Don vi do: Bps (bit per second), Kbps (Kilobit per second), Mbps
(Me abit er second), Gb s (Gi abit er second), ...
Hi~n suat su d1,1ngbang thOng cua mQt kenh Iii tY I~ gifra luu Iuqng
",~~,1\6
truyen qua keOO v&i "Dung luqng khai bao" cua keOO do trong mQt ~~ (~
.
'. ':.Ii I li~\.Ij~
d on V!. th"0'1 glan.
.
11'1! ~ ;;\~.
"D~ng Iuqng 10ai ~ao" cho keOO dU<lc xac dinh theo n&uye~ tac:
~:;;\ ;~ ..
- Doi v&i cac ket noi Ethernet tT1Jc,tiep (khong qua truyen dan SDH) \~, !~~~~~
thi "Dung luqng khai bao" dUng bang dung luqng giao di~n v~t Iy
~~~51G
(lOOM, IGe, lOGe, 40Ge).
...~
- D6i v&i cac k6t n6i qua SDH thi "Dung Iuqng khai bao" duQ'c xac
diOO OOu sau: lxSTMI ~ 150M, lxSTM4 ~ 600M, lxSTM16 ~ 2.4G.
Thai gian thi6t I~p dich V\l duQ'c tiOO tir hIc DNCCDV vii khach hiing
kY hQ'P d6ng cung dp dich Y\l (vi d1,1:Dich Y\l ADSL) cho tm khi
khach hang co the su d\lng dich V1,1niiy.
khach
him
Thai gian sua chUa 16i dich Y\l tiOO tir Iuc cac keOO tiep xuc oo~ duQ'c
Thiligian
phiin
anh cua khach hiing t&i luc khic ph\lc xong I6i dich V\l vii khach
sua lai cho
hang su d\lllg dich V\l biOOthuang (slJ c6 duQ'c ghi oo~ tren M th6ng
khach
him
BCCS)
33
Thuat O2ft
14 PSTN
IS
16
17
Tili CP
cuatang
itdi
(CPload)
Hi?usulit
luu lUf/Ilg
trung ki
(TUTrunk
Utilization)
Tili link
Mold?u
(SUSignaling
Utilization)
18 IPTV
19
20
TSTV
(Time shift
TV)
TVOD
(TV on
Demand)
kV
Phan 3. Mang
cD itinh
La tY I~.% gina lUll IUQ'IlgthlJc t~ tren lUll IUQ'ngcho phep clla k~t n6i
trung ke (trunk).
La tY I~ gina s6 octet thlJc t~ (clla hu6ng vao/ra) trn t6ng s6 octet cho
phep clla k~t n6i (link) bao hi~u.
Djch V\lIPTV (Internet Protocol Television) cua Viertel vai ten gQi
NextTV: la djch V\lxem truyen hiOOqua k~t n6i Internet bang rQng t6c
dQ cao.
Cae a~e ai~m eua dieh V\I:
- NextTV cho phep nguoi dung djch V\lxem cac keOOtruyen hinh
truyen th6ng. Ngoai ra NextTV con cung cap cho nguoi dung cac djch
V\ltruyen hinh ''tuang tac" OOuphim theo yeu cAu(VOD), Karaoke
theo yeu cAu, Shopping Online, Giao d\!c tl:rxa ...
TiOOnang t~
21
NPVR
TiOOnang nay giup khach hang ghi I~i OOUngchuang triOOtruyen hiOO
h~p dful.
22
PIP
(picture in
picture)
Tren man hiOOTV, khach hang c6 the xem d6ng thai 2 keOOtruyen
hiOO: I keOOchiOOva I keOOph\!.
23
Headend
24
SettopBox
25
CATV
Trung tilm Truyen hinh cap (Headend System) la nai t~p hQ'Pva chQn
IQccac keOOtruyen hinh trong nuac va th~ giai sau d6 xu Iy va try8n
d~n m~g truy OO~p- thue bao.
Thiet bj diiu cuOi khach hang c6 chUc nang chuyen doi tin hi~u truyen
hinh s6 thaOOtin hi~u hinh dua vao TV.
Djch V\lCATV (Community Access Television): La dich V\!xem
truyen hiOOqua m~g cap hfru tuy~n trong d6 tin hi~u truyen hiOO
duQ'ctruyen di qua m~ng HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial).
Cae a~e di~m eua dieh V\I:
- CATV cho phep ngum dung xem cac keOOtruy8n hiOOtuan.K t1Jva
34
TT
Thuaf ngft
leV thulit
viln thOng
Phan 3. Mang
cD ilinh
ONU
26
(Optic
Network
Unit)
Node chuy6n d6i tin hi~u truy~n hinh quang thanh tin hi~u di~n.
EoC
27
28
29
(Ethernet
over
Cable)
TAP
Splitter
BQ ghep, tach tin hi~u Ethernet v&i tin hi~u truy~n hinh
BQ tach tin hi~u truyen hinh.
BQ chia tin hi~u truyen hinh
35
kV thuat
viin thOng
PHAN4. ~G
TRUYENnAN
Thu~t ngfr
1.
Sqi quang la sgi tMy tinh dugc ch~ t~o nhfun m\lC dich truy~n dful tin hi~u
dum d~g
song quang hQc vm t6c dQ va dung lugng l6n, suy hao th&pva
khong co xuyen nhiSu. Khoang cach va t6c dQ Clla truy~n dful qua sqi
quang bi gim h~ boo suy hao va tan s~c.
Lap ~io
(coating)
L<rpYO
(,e.laddingl
Hinh 9: C6u
t(lO
Lui
(core)
wi quang
L5i sqi quang la phArrtrung tam cua sqi quang ma phArrl6n cong su&t
LOi s{fi quang
BUGC song nhin th&ynfun trong khoang ill 0,4~m d~n 0,7~m. sgi thuy tinh
th~ch anh khohg lam t6t
linh sang suy hao l6n d~n muc chi dUng cho cac tuy~n thong tin co CIJli
3
Ora
sa quang
ngk.Suy
vimg h6ng ngo~ co 3 khoang rna sqi thuy tinh lam vi~c hi~u qua, ba
khoang nay quanh cac bUGCsong 850nm, 1310 nm, 1550 nm va dugc gQi
1a 3 cua s6 quang hQc.
f)uang kinh truang mode la duang' kinh cua hinh tron, tren ti~t di~n ngang
cua sqi quang co cuang di}linh sang t~ ria d~t lie (trong do e 1as6 logarit
4
Duong kink
truilng mode
tIJ nhien 2.1828) gia tri CIJCd~ cua pharr b6 cuang di} linh sang sqi quang
theo hu6ng hai bien. f)uang kinh truang mode biSu tm ph~
vi pharr b6
truang di~n tu ngang cua cac mode trong m~t dt Clla sgi.
Mode song la mQt tr~g thai truy~n 6n diM cua song linh sang (ciing co
thS hiSu mi}t mode 1amQt tia), m6i mQt mode song Ung vm mQt cach thuc
5
ModetruyJn
truy~n song khac nhau. f)S dS hiSu co thS hinh dung nhu sau: Anh sang
dan
truy~n d~n m~t c~t cua sgi quang vm nhi~u g6c tm khac nhau, m6i goc t6i
Ung vm mQt duang di Clla linh sang trong sgi quang, m6i duang di nay co
thS hiSu 1amQt mode truy~n dful cua linh sang.
36
Sgi dan mode (Single mode) lit sgi chi cho phep mQt mode truy~n ddn
trong no. Sgi dan mode co 16i r~t nh6 thuemg khoang tU 8 .. 10
lJID.
Vu
di6m cua sgi dan mode lit chi ghep mQt mode nen khong co tan s~c mode
6
Sf/iquang
dun mode
Single-mode fiber
>
Hlnh 10: Vi d
>
Sgi da mode (Multi mode) lit sgi cho phep truy~n dful nhi~u mode trong
no, vm m6i mQt mode lit mQt mfiu cac duemg song tfUemg di~n vit truemg
tU dugc l~p di l~p l~ dQc theo sgi
a cac
bu6c song).
7
Sf/i quang da
mode
Multi.mode fiber
Hlnh 11: Vi d
8
Sf/i G.652
Sgi G.652lit sgiquang dan mode thuemg dugc sir d\lIlg ph6 biSn vm
37
qi G.655 la sqi quang dcm mode dieh ehuy~n tan s~e khae khong. Sqi
.655 duqe su dJ,mgphb bi6n eho h~ th6ng DWDM do sqi eo mue tan s~e
~p 3 ps/nm.km)
a dai buae
) va giam duqe anh huang eua hi~u t:rngphi tuy6n do e&utrue ehi6t s~t
iam dan.
qi G.655 eo hai lo~ nbi ti6ng 1a sqi LEAF eua Corning va sqi ella
rueWave eua Fujikura
0,75.
0,5
0,25
-2,5
-0,5
0,5 1
1,5
2,5
S\J
b6 chiit
dan rQng xung 8nh sang khi Ian truySn trong sQ'iquang. Tan
s~c Ian se lam mea tin hi~u va t~o ra hi~n tugng giao thoa giua cae
(ISI- Intersymbol Interferenee) do
S\J
ky tl!
qua la lam eho phia thu khong pharr bi~t dUQ'etin hi~u -7 Thu sai.
10
Tans6-c
SQiquang
Hinh 13: Tan sac anh sang khi truynqua s(li quang
38
M9t hi?u rmg quang dU(1cgQi IIIphi tuyin niu cac tham st5 cua no ph'(l
thu9c vllo cuo-ng d9 anh sang (c6ng sudt). Cae hi~n tugng phi tuy6n co thS
bO qua d5i vm cae
11
HifU zrngphi
A
tuyen
M th5ng
vira phai (vai mW) vm t5c dQbit len d6n 2.5 Gbps. Tuy nhien, 0 t5c dQ bit
cao han nhu 10 Gbps va cao han va 0 muc cong suAt truy~n dfuJ.lOn, vi~c
xet cac hi~u l'rng phi tuy6n la rAt quan tr9ng. Trong eac
eac hi~u l'rng phi tuy6n co thS tr6 nen quan tr9ng th~
M th5ng
WDM,
12
Clla sgi.
Suy hao eong suAttin hi~u quang dugc tinh theo cong thuc sau;
L (dB) = 101gPin-10lgPout
Trong do: Pin la cong suAt anh sang phat ra 6 d~u vao sgi quang (dan vi:
mW), Poutla cong suAtanh sang thu duge 6 d~u ra sgi quang (dan vi:
mW).
La suy hao clla tin hi~u quang khi qua mQt m5i han sgi quang. Yeu e~u:
13
Suyhaom8i
him s(1i quang
(dan vi III dB)
- Trung binh/l m5i han:S O,ldB (ap d\lllg eho mQt tuy6n cap bAtky).
- CIJCdl;!i/l m5i han:S 0,2dB: s5 m5i han co suy hao CIJCdl;!ikhong dugc
vugt qua 20% t6ng s5 m5i han Cllatuy6n.
14
Suyhaodau
AO
nOl
coup ler
La suy hao cua tin hi~u quang khi qua mQt bQ ghep coupler. Yeu cAu ,
"
15
BER (Bit
Error Ratio)
Vi d7,l:
M th6ng
khac co su
39
Cap quang la cap bQCgia cubng cho cae cac sgi quang truyen dfln tin hi~u
nhfun m\lC dich co th~ thi~t l~p cac tuy~n sgi quang a cac diSu ki~n va dia
hinh khac nhau nhu chOn trl)'c ti~p, chOn c6ng b~, treo, ...
CMII!~ntb~thmfWot
Blo"lf 1(11
.loll<
Soith6n9'Hm
WMtr~fJiN:1n
16
!..d'pltio~I&(;\1'
BiMel&SwetIIbt>T,~
L6pGiaeubrltl'lgWi
WMer 8JkDJ
Gfn6 Y-IIl'I
Tbiinhpbll8'~g
lrunl lm
L6p16tron;
H!JPE milltiPl'I
O/lllt&n
HDPfml~l&llJl
l6p1'O~.
HOPElWu$n
~ __
~~_."
PhSn
llhjkiol,l~i
17
Ctips88
..
'" Phlintd'cUn
s6 8
La lolilicap quang
chuyen dUng d~ treo
tren cQt, co thanh
phlln gia cubng dugc
cftu t~o a phlln chinh
giUa cua sgi cap.
18
CtipADSS
40
kji thutit
viln thOng
La mQt lo~ cap quang treo, duQ'c su dl,lIlgtren cac h~ th5ng truy~n tM va
pharr ph5i di~n nang. Day la lo~i cap k~t hQ'Pgiua hai chUc nang: ch5ng
set cho h~ th5ng truy~n tM di~n va truy~n tin bkg sqi quang.
Cap quang OPGW duQ'ctreo
(thuOng til 100kV d~n 1000kV). Phk kim lo~ cua cap (sqi nhom, thep
bQc nhom) duQ'cn5i d~t d~ Mo v~ cQt thep, day dful va thi~t bi dUOngday
khoi anh huang cUa set danh. Cac sQ'iquang d~t trong 5ng long duQ'c su
19
CapOPGW
(OPtical Fiber
Ground Wire,
OPticaljiber
composite
overhead
Ground Wire Cap quang kit
h(fJJday ch6ng
dl,lIlgd~ truy~n dful thong tin t5c d9 cao: Tin hi~u viSn thong, tin hi~u
qulin ly ho~c cho cac m\lC dich khac cUa nganh di~n nhu Mo v~, do luOng,
qulin ly truy nh~p til xa h~ th5ng truy~n tM, tin hi~u f1JdQng h6a tr~.
Ngay nay, cap quang OPGW con duQ'cxay dlJ11gv6i m\lc dich cho cac
nha khai thac dich V\lviSn thong thue dUOngtruy~n.
'lIlIml
II
if
set)
"
Gong cap
ong cap la khung kim lo~ duQ'ck~p ch~t vao cQt di~n ho~c cQtviSn thOng
~ treo cap. Co hai lo~ gong thuOng dimg la gong hinh tron d~ k~p cQt tT\l
on va gong hai thanh d~ k~p vao cQt vuong.
20
1fznh20:Gongca
chocQt~on
41
~p cap la ph\! ki~n dUng d~ treo cap quang s6 8. K~p cap gAm hai tfun kim
oc;Uk~p cMt vao phful day treo cap. Sau do k~p cap dugc gfu c6 dinh vao
Qt (bfulg gong) d~ treo c6 dinh cap.
21
Qtreo cap dugc sir d\lllg d~ treo cap tv treo (ADSS). Do cAu true cap
ss khong
22
Niocap
Qneo cap dugc su d\lllg d~ c6 dinh cap ADSS tc;Uvi tri d6i hu6ng di cap
o~c k~t cu6i cap. BQ neo su d\lllg cac sgi nhom rap d~ gift ch~t cap. Neo
ap dugc vit ch~t vao cQt d~ c6 dinh dUOng cap.
23
42
Cong ngh~ SDH (Phan e&psa dang bi) la eong ngh~ truySn dful dlJa tren
vi~e s~p x~p cae tin hi~u can truYSn vao cae khung truySn tai e6 kieh
thu6e ehuAn h6a va sir d\ll1gky th~t con tra d~ giai quy~t vAn dS sai l~eh
dinh thai giua cae nut m~g. SDH sir d\ll1gky thu~t dang bi) dang ha giua
cae nut m~g d~ giai quy~t vAn dS sai l~ch dinh thai giua tin hi~u dAuvao
va tin hi~u dAura. Ky thu~t con tra eho phep diSu ehinh vi tri tin hi~u cAn
truySn trong khung truySn tai d~ thich (mg vm tae di) pMt eUa tUng nut
m~ng. Cae khung truYSn 1iliehuful h6a eua SDH la STM-l/4/l6/64
Truyn dan
SDH
(Synchronous
Digital
Hierachy)
tucmg
1J9264MbI.
Co3
>4Mb1s
45Mb1s
Con: Conrainer-n
VC-n: Vinual container-n
TU-n; Tributary Unit-n
TUG-n: Tn"butary Unit Group-n
AU-n: Administrative Unit-n
AUG: Administrative Unit Group
STMc 1: Synchronous Transport Module-I
2.048 Mb/s
C-II
1.55 Mbls
Hinh 25: cdu true gltep kenh SDH theo ehudn CMu Au
M~g dang bi) la m~g rna cae thi~t bi tren m~g ho~t di)ng dang bi) v6i
nhau theo mi)t thai gian ehufuI. Vi d\l: Cae m~g
V\l,muc di) anh hu6ng co th~ t6m t~t nhu bang dum day:
Mllc dl} anh hllOng khi mit clang bl}
Lo~i djch
VI}
cl8ngbl} kern
Giai rna 16i, pMi truySn l~
Khung hinh dirng l~ trong vai giay, co ti~
Dich V\lvideo
TruySn sa I ~u
Dich V\ltho~
kY thulit
viin thOng
ghep kenh
thuemg duQ'c su d\lIlg trong truy~n dful s6. Trong do, cac kenh eo cUng tful
s6 duQ'c truy~n tren mQt duemg truy~n nhung t?i cac thm diSm khac nhau
(gQi la Khe thm gian - Time slot).
Ghipkenh
TDM(Time
Division
Multipex)
c
Hinh 26: Ghep kenh phan chia theo thili gian
Lu6ng Ella lu6ng theo chuful PDH cUa Chau au co t6c dQ 2,048 Mbps,
4
dinh d~g khung theo chuful PCM30 (bQi s6 cUa lu6ng Ella E2, E3, E4
LuJngEl
STM
5
Ff8me_125us
(Synchronous
Transport
Module)
FA
Frame.
125us
Frame_125us
1 b,u. 0110
64kbl1l5
channo~
....
~
STM-1. :no ColumM (2430 byteli) .....
Administrative
Pointers
.4
Unit
Capal:ltyofthe
9 Rows
Virtual Container
KenhDCC
Kenh truy~n thong tin OAM (khai thac, quim ly, bao duang) gifra cac nut
(Data
m~g v6i nhau va gifra cae nut m~g v6i h~ di~u hanh m~g. Giup co thS
Communicatio
quim ly cac nut m~g ill xa. Thong tin DCC duQ'ctruy~n tren 3 byte D 1, D2,
nChannels)
Block
MQt kh6i la rnQt t~p hgp cac bit lien ti~p trong lu6ng da li~u. MQt bit
thuQc v~ rnQt kh6i va chi rnQt kh6i rna th6i.
Lai
8
(Errored
Block
Errored second (ES): Giay l6i la khoang thai gian rnQt giay trong do
rnQt ho~c nhiu l6i bit xay ra.
44
Lai Severely errored second (SES): Giay 16i nghiem trQng hi khofmg
Gifiy
~ "'"
t.Y soloi
-3
(SES)
KMi
11
Lai n2n
MQt kh6i 16i nn lit mQt kh6i bi 16i khong thuQc trong giay 16i
nghiem trQng.
BBE
(Background
BLockError)
khOng Unavailable second (UAS): MQt m:;mg duQ'c coi lit khong kha dVng
Gifiy
12
khii
d(lng
ill giay dAu tien trong it nhAt 10 giay 16i nghiem trQng lien ti8p.
M~ch duQ'c coi lit kha d\lllg ill giay dAu tien trong it nhAt 10 giay
(UAS)
Phut
13
..
glam
chiit
Degraded minute (DM): PMt suy giam chAt IUQ'llglit khoang thm
gian mQt pMt trong do
.-
vuQt qua 10 .
luunf[ (DM)
14
Giay
khong
lai(EFS)
Giay khong 16i lit khoang thai gian mQt gilly trong do khong 16i bit
nito xayra.
SNCP (Sub-Network Connection Protection): Lll
15
SNCP
V\l
CCY
theo hai huang khac nhau dS bao v~ cho cae luang t6c dQtMp (El, E3
V\l
ch~y tren cae do~ cua cae vong Ring co t6c dQ cao
(thuOng III til STM16 tra len ). (rng d\l11gcho cae lu6ng t~ lOphQitv tra
len.
45
dan
La cong ngM ghep kenh theo buac song v6i m~t dQ cao. Theo do, 40 dSn
DWDM
80 1u6ng thong tin truyn dful co t6c dQ 1OG/40G/1OOGco th~ duQ'c ghep
(Dense
chung d~ truyn dful tren mQt sqi quang dan mode nang dung luqng
Wavelength
truyn dful cua sqi quang len 800G/3200G/8T. Cong ngh~ DWDM cho
Division
Multiplexing)
khu8ch d~ DWDM ho~c thi8t bi tii t~o tin hi~u. Cong ngh~ DWDM tang
khii truyn dful sqi quang v6i dung luqng cao, khoang cach xa va giam s6
luqng thi8t bi su d\ll1gkenh truyn nh..!!SDH/Switch/Router/ .., trung gian
17
Hinh 29: Ctiu true ghep kenh DWDM va pM eua tin hi?u ghep
OSNR
a ti s6 gifra cong sudt tin hi~u va cong sudt t~p fun quang cua mQt kenh
(Optical
uang tren mQt bang tk xac dinh. Ngu6n nhiSu co th~ la bQ phM, xuyen
Signal
to
Noise Ratio)
\ll1gtrong thi8t k8 m~g ding nhu d~ danh gia chdt luqng cua cac kenh
uang.
, nghIa: OSNR bi~u thi muc chdt luqng cua tin hi~u thu. OSNR duQ'c
18
iIng d~ uac luqng ty s6 I6i bit BER. Til muc BER yeu cAuco th~ tinh ra
uc OSNR t6i thi~u ck phai d~t.
ong thuc tinh OSNR: OSNR [dB] = 10 * log
P'
Signa
PNf:>islJ
Trongdo:
-
Psignal
la cong sudt tin hi~u quang tren bang thong philn giai (resolution
P noise
la cong sudt nhiSu uang tich h. , theo dan vi tuy8n tinh (W)
46
19
OA nfun tren tuy6n DWDM co nhi~m V\l khu6ch d!p cong xudt tin hi~u
nhfun tang khoimg each truy~n dfin DWDM. V 6i cae h~ th6ng dimg
khu6ch d!p EDF A thi co ba lo~i OA: bi) khu6ch d!p tang cUCmg(OBA Optical Booster Amplifier), bi)' ti~n khu6ch d!p (OPA - Optical
PreAmplifier) va OLA (Optical Line Amplifier). OBA Ill. bi) khu6ch d~i
cong sudt 160 duqe sir d\lI1g a dAu phat d tang eUCmgeong sudt phat.
OPA Ill. bi) khu6ch d!p t~p fun thdp cho tin hi~u nh6 duqe sir d\lI1g a dAu
thu. OLA Ill. bi) khu6ch d~i hai tAng k~t hqp OPA, OBA duqc sir d\lI1g a
cae tr~ khu6eh d!p giua tuy6n. V 6i h~ th6ng sir d\lI1gkhu6ch d!p Raman
thi khong pharr bi~t OPA, OBA va OLA.
ChU'c nang: ChUc nang co bim cua bi) khu~ch d~i OA Ill. khu~ch d!p cong
sudt quang. Ngoai ra, OA con co cae chue nang ph\l trq nhu giam sat cong
sudt, trieh mi)t phAn tin hi~u ghep t5ng cho m\le dich do kim, giam sat, ...
47
kV thulit
viin thOng
Khuech d~ Raman d\fa tren hi~n tuqng tan XI;lRaman kich thich
(Stimulated Raman Scattering). Tan XI;lRaman kich thich la hi~n tuqng
m(lt nguyen ill hApth\l nang luqng Cllam(lt photon, sau do tl;lora m(lt
photon co nang luqng khac. Vi v~y, tan XI;lRaman kich thich dugc dinh
nghia la hi~n tuqng photon tM cApdugc sinh ra do nguan ben ngoai.
DS co khu~ch dl;liRaman thi pMi tl;lora S\fnghich dao nang d(l. DiSu nay
dl;ltdugc bfuIg cach cung cApnang luqng cho cac nguyen ill clla sgi quang
ill m(lt laser bam co buac song thAp hem buac song cua tin hi~u. Khi do,
cac nguyen ill clla sgi quang se hApth\l nang luqng bam co nang luqng
cao(buac song nglin) va chuySn len muc cao hem. Khi co tin hi~u d~n, no
se kich thich cac nguyen til dang (] muc nang luqng cao chuySn sang
trl;lIlgthai nang luqng thAp hem va giai ph6ng ra m(lt nang luqng dum
dl;lIlgphoton anh sang co cimg buac song (dai hem buac song bam) ~a
cimg pha vm tin hi~u d~n. Do do, tin hi~u d1idugc khuech dl;li
Sl1i quang
thudn'"
.:
I:>
Isolator
20
Gam:
- Sgi quang: La noi xay ra qua trinh khuyech d~
- B(l ghep: Dugc dimg dS ghep buac song tin hi~u vao vm song
bam
- Laser bam: Cung cApnang luqng cho cac nguyen tu clla sgi quang
chuySn len trl;lIlgthai kich thich, giup tl;loS\fnghich dao nang d(l.
- B(l cach ly: d~t (] hai dAuclla b(l khu~ch dl;liquang dS ngan ch~
tin hi~u pharr XI;lahai dAub(l khuech dl;li.Dang thai no ding giup
lo~ trir nhiSu ASE theo huang ngugc vS phia dAuvao co thS gay
iinh huang den tin hi~u dAuvao.
48
~.jj.Doped
fiber
Isolator
fsolator
Coupler
Laserbdm
Hinh 31: cdu true b6 khuyeeh ar;zi EDFA
21
cAu truc bao g6m:
- Sqi quang pha trQn ion dftt hi~m Erbium: La nai xay ra qua trinh
khuech d~ cua EDF A.
- Laser bam: Cung cApnang luqng anh sang dS t~o ra tr~g thai
nghich dao n6ng dQ.
.
- Coupler: Ghep tin hi~u quang ck khuech d~ va anh sang Clla
Laser bam vao trong sqi quang.
- BQ cach ly quang (Isolator): Ngan khong cho tin hi~u quang duqc
khuech d~ pharr x~ nguqc v~ phia d~u phat ho~c cac tin hi~u
quang tren duemg tniy~n pharr x~ nguqc v~ EDF A.
49
Thuat n if
truy~n dful Clla Viertel cung cAp cac kenh: El (2Mbps), E3 (45
M9ngtruyJn
dan quang
Lap 15i
Lap Aecess
Pltiin [Up
m9ng
S11
LUp atritng
tr(lc
50
kV thulit
viln thOng
..
Cong ngh~ sir d\Ulg: Quy ho~ch sir d\Ulg cong ngh~ DWDM, SDH.
BQ pM: NQi h~t cac thanh ph6 Ian (HNI, DNG, HCM), cac vop.g ring
lien tinh.
lien tinlt)
Ca che bao v~: OLP, OMSP (DWDM) va MSP linear, SNCP mirc VC4
(SDH).
V\l
V\l
a cac
BQ pM: NQi h~t cac thanh ph6, cac tuyen lien huy~n, thi xa.
~j
'ilt!
'1L
i\
'f""
ChUc nling: Ket n6i lap l5i va lap truy nh~p, chuySn ill lUll lm;mg dich
V\l
'I\~'
J~\
-'\~.
~.4(!
,,,,"
Dung lUQ11g:STM-l/STM-4.
ChUc nling: La lap trgc tiep ket n6i v6i cac node access cua cac m~g
dich
V\l
.~~
\!fj
It
'
h6i duQ'c dUng khi ta cfuJ.dg phOng vS cap ho~c thiet bi ciing nhu khai bao
7
Vu Itai
M diSu hanh.
Vi dlj:
- Vu h6i 1+ 1: 1 huang bao v~ dUng dg phong cho 1 huang chinh
- Vu h6i 1+2: 2 huang bao v~ dUng dg phong cho 1 huang chinh
- Vu h6i N+ 1: 1 thiet bVcard dg phOng cho N thiet bV card.
Loop luang
.
S(r c8 xay ra
9
10
tren m{lng
truyin dan
ngft
ma
'!o,i
"
Vu hBi hay con gQi la dg phOng (backup). Trong m~g truySn dful, th~t ngft vu
lu6ng tren
.I~
thuOng duQ'cdUng trong vi~c pMn do~ dS kiSm tra ket n6i.
Sg co m~g truyen dfulla tong sg co xay ra tren m~g truyen dful. Cac sg ca
duQ'cxac dinh la sg c6 truySn dful bao g6m:
- S\I c6 tren m~g cap quang
- S\I c6 xay ra trong phOng may lien quan den cac thiet bi truySn dful
SDH, DWDM va Metro tit phfuJ.AGG xu6ng Site Router
Thai gian xir ly sg co m~g truyen dfulla khoang thai gian tinh tit khi sg co
xay ra xullt hi~n canh bao tren h~ th6ng quan ly m~g den khi canh bao d6
duQ'c Clear tren h~ th6ng.
51
12
Nhfiytr{lm
BTS
Diem chet tren
m{lng truyRn
dan
IV.
leV thuat
viin thOng
Nhay tqUll BTS la vi~c mat kilt noi v~t 1)'- til BTS den BSC trong khoang thai
gian ::;3phut, t~ til thM di~m xuftt hi~n canh bao d@nkhi canh bao duQ'c
clear tren M thong
Diem cMt la diem khi xay ra SlJco ~ vi tri diem do gay gian do~ thong tin
cho 5,ill (BTS/N~deB) tra len ho~c 10 1u6ng E1/FE tra len. Vi tri di~m ch@t
co the la mQt tuyen cap ho~c mQt tr~
TT
Thuat n Thietbi SDH
khin thilt
Card
1
hi
uan 1)'- m~g (NMS) va diSu khi~ncac thanh phk tren thi@tbi. ChUc nang diSu
.~n g6m 3 qua trinh: truy vftn thOng tin, thi@tl~p cftu hinh va gill ban tin canh
Cardngu6n
2
ard ngu6n duQ'c su d\lIlg d~ nh~ va chuy~n d6i ngu6n dAuvao (-48VDC/
20V AC/ ... ) thanh d~g ngu6n pM hQ'Pd~ nuoi cac thanh phk trong thi@tbi (5
~'tJ
DC/12 VDC):~Htl
'M
ard dftu n5i cheo co chuc nang k@tn5i container ao (VC-4/ VC-3NC-12/
);~~~
ifra cac lu6ng tin hi~u dc1uvao khac nhau (STM-N, PDH, Ethernet GFP,
). K@t';
5i cheo bao g6m hai cftp: b~c cao (high order g6m VC-4) va b~c thftp (VC-3,!'2,'
C-12)
ard giao di~n SDH la card chua cac c6ng giao tiSp STM-N (N=1/4/16/64/256)
SDH
UQ'Csu d\lIlg xu 1)'- tin hi~u STM-N va tach thanh cac VC-4 dua d@nphk k@tn6i
heo qua bus cua backplane. Giao di~n STM-1 co th~ la giao di~n di~n ho~c
uan . Cac STM-N b~c cao han luon Iil iao di~n nan .
PDH
ard giao di~n PDH la card chUa cac c6ng giao ti@pPDH (E11E3/DS3/ ... ) duQ'c
u d\lIlg d~ xu 1)'- cac tin hi~u PDH d~ ghep vilo cac container ao (VC-4NCNC-12/ ... ) dua d@nphkk@tn5i cheo qua bus cua backplane. Giao di~n PDH
uang la giao di~n di~n.
ard giao di~n Ethernet lil card chua cac c6ng giao ti@pEthernet (FE, GE) duQ'c
u d\lIlg d~ xu 1)'- cac tin hi~u Ethernet d~ ghep vao cac container ao (VC-4NCNC-12/ ... ) bfug thu tl,lcdong khung GFP va dua d@nphk k@tn5i cheo qua bus
ua backplane. Giao di~n FE thuang la,giao di~n di~n con giao di~n GE co th~ la
i~n ho~c uang.
52
~it
kf thulit
viin thOng
Cong sufrt thu tren Port quang la muc cong suAtthu P (dBm) tren cac port quang
trenport
Cllathi@tbi truy~n dfuI SDH. Cong sufrt thu tren 1 port quang phai nfun trong
quangSDH
ngu5ng cho phep d@diun bao khong gay ra 16i tuy@nva co quy d\I phOng.
Bppluitdap
han theo vi tri va vai tro thi co hai 10;;tiOIU: OIU k@tcu6i va OIU tai t;;to.
quang (OTU:
- OIU k@tcu6i nfun a vi tri bien cua m;;tngDWDM, dong vai tro giao ti@pv6i
Optical
Transponder
6i gifta bu6c song tin hi~u khong chufrn h6a cua cac thi@tbi m;;tngngom va bu6c
Unit)
ong chudn h6a DWDM pM hgp v6i cac bl) tach ghep keOO.
Y\l
- OIU tai t;;tOnfun ben trong m;;tngDWDM th\Ic hi~n tlii t;;totin hi~u d@lo;;tibi'>
ac anh huang chAt lugng tren du<'mgtruy~n OOfuntang khoang cach truy~n dfuI.
IU co ba chlrc nang chiOO:tai t;;tod;;tngxung (reshape), d6ng bl) l;;ti(reiiming)
a phlit 1;;ti(regenerate). Ngoai ra, OIU con co cac chlrc nang ph\! trg OOugiiun
lit tr;;tngthai va chAt lugng tuy@n,sua 16i, ...
hinh ve tren OIU chinh la cac Ix va Rx.
BpgMpkenh
9
theo quang
0
MU nfun
quang(ODU)
10
11
BpgMpkenh
huc nang
xen requang
(OADM:
goai ra, OADM con co cac chuc nang ph\! OOudi~u chiOOcong suAttUng keOO,
OpticalAdd
iiun sat cong suAt, trich ml)t phk tin hi~u ghep t6ng cho vi~c do ki@m,giiun
CC1
Drop
Multi lex
S3
12
kV thuat viin
thOng
BpgMpkenh
I'rong h~ th6ng DWDM, thi@tbi ROADM co vai tra nhu OADM nhung cho
xenrequang
:lhep co th~ cAuhinh l~i (nrc 1ano co kha nang di~u khi~n "dinh tuy@n"buac
co tMcau
ong hay noi cach khac 1ano co th~ thay d6i cAuhinh duQ'ckhac vai OADM s6
hinh lfl.i
uqng va th(r tl! cac buac song xenJre la khong thayd6i duQ'c).
(ROADM:
Reconfigurahl
e Optical Add
Drop
Multiplex).
Thuat n -
Ut phuong thUc truyn dfin tin hi~u dl!a tren vi~c thu pMt song di~n tit giua
cae dim khac nhau qua khong gian 1\1' do. Cac thi~t bi truyn dfin vi ba hOl;lt
dQng tren bang tan tit 1 d~n 30GHz. Khoimg each truy~n dful vi ba ph\!
thuQc vao t6c dQtruyn, kich thu&c tr6ng vi ba, bang tan hOl;ltdQng va moi
truOng truy~n dful (tinh trl;lllgche khu~t, vimg khi Mu, ... ).
Truyin dan
vi ha
:~~
rmM[!l~-1
~:
i-~.-rt-~
D\l
phOng cong suAtthu la chnh l~ch gifra cong suAt thu th\lC t@va dQnh~y thu
do tlirikh6i IDU cua thi@tbi vi ba trong di~u ki~n thm ti@tt6t d~ diun bao cho
tuy@nvi ba co th~ ho~t dQng t6t truac nhfrng bien d6i v~ thai ti@tnhu mua, gio, ...
D\l
Theo quy ho~ch cua C\lCtdo s6 va tuy@ridi~n, tdo s6 vi ba se duQ'cquy dinh theo
3
Quyhofl.ch
hang tlin vi
ha t/teo clf ly
tuyin
Truyin dan
VSAT la phuong th(rc truy~n dful thong tin va tuy@ngifra cac tr?ffi thu pMt vm
54
Thuatn if
VSAT(Very
Small
Aperture
Terminal)
;~N
J: VI
folA
t)l'l
rf.i/
.N tl
La suy hao tl! nhien tren duang truyn vo tuy~n do nang luqng Me x~ lan'rQng
trong khong gian.
Cong thire tinh suy hao trong khong gian tl! do:
L= (41tdlAi
Trong do:
Suyhao
khonggian
tv do( FSL Free Space
Loss)
- L la ghi tri suy hao trong khong gian t\l do (dan vi:
vi)
La ti l~ giua mire nang luqng bit tin hi~u va ~p am eua moi duang truyn, day la
EhlNo
(Energy hit!
Noise)
truang hgp SNR trong thong tin s6. Eb/No dUQ'esir d\l1lg d daub gia chAt luqng
Fading
Pha-dinh la s\l thang giang mQt each ng&unhien tin hi~u vo tuy~n t~i dim thu.
55
Thuat ne:ii'
th6ng t6c dQ thap co dQ rQng bang tAntin hi~u h~p (h~p hmi dQ rQng kenh truYSn)
nen chiu ilnh huang cua flat fading. Anh huang cua flat fading tac dQng len toan
8
Fading
phang
bQ dill tAntin hi~u truySn tren kenh la nl1u nhau. Do do vi~c tinh toan dQ dg tru
fading (fading margin) d~ dang hon (cac tAn s6 trong bang tAn dSu bi mc dQng nhu
nhau thi chi vi~c tang them pMt cho 1&tca bang tAn. Thgc tS thi co bQ g9i la 1\l
'Il
".
Tn
K
:'1
G
dQng diSu chinh dQ lQ'i-AGC (Auto Gain Control) se diSu chinh muc bit nhi~u
-.
nay)
"'.
:~,9
Fading 19a ch9n tfu1s6 (selective fading) xay ra khi bang tAn cua tin hi~u 1611hon
bang thong cua kenh truYSn. Do do h~ th6ng t6c dQ vira va 1611co dQrQng bang tin
9
Fading llfa
ch!Jn tOn s6
hi~u 1611(I611hon dQrQng kenh) se chiu nhiSu tac dQng cua selective fadil1g. rac
hlili1611nhat cua 10lilifading nay la gay nhi~u len ki 1\l-ISI. Selective fading mc
dQng len cac tAn s6 khac nhau (trong cimg bang tAn cua tin hi~u) la khac nhau, do
,t-"
__
10
Fading
nhanh (hi?u
U7lg
Doppler)
~~
Fading nhanh (fast fading) hay con g9i IIIhi~u rrng Doppler, nguyen nhan la co sll
( M'".
chuy~~ dQng wong d6i giua may ~u v~ may pMt dfu1dSn tAn s6 thu duQ'c se bi :\~ ,
\
.r ;.
\( ;';y
Do ilnh huang cua cac v~t can tra tren dUOngtruySn. VD: toa nha cao tAng, ng9n
nui, d6i ... lam cho bien dQ tin hi~u suy giam, do do con g9i la hi~u rrng bOng ram _
11
Fading
ch{im
(Shadowing) Tuy nhien, hi~n wqng nay chi xay ra tren mQt khoang cach 1611,nen
t6c dQ biSn d6i ch~.
(slow fading).
Anten la thiSt bi di~n tir th\l dQng co th~ hUc Xlilho~c thu nh~ song di~n tiroCac
12
Anten
thong s6 ~c trung cua anten bao g6m: tAn s6 hOliltdQng, dQtang ich (Gain), dQ
rQng bUp song, tilt di~n.
Isotropic antenna (ang-ten dfuIg hu611g)la ang-ten co hUc Xlilnhu nhau vS m9i
Anten dang
13
hU'ung
0"
hu611gtrong khong gian. Aug-ten nay la mQt ang-ten gia dinh, khong co th~t trong
thgc tS, co th~ hinh dung no nhu mQt di~m tich duQ'c clip ngu6n song di~n tir, hUc
56
-~"
ThuatDgil
14
Bupsong
chinh
>1) rl)ng buac song chinh theo phuong thikg dUng: Lit.goc gifra hai duang (quy vB
duang thikg) nua cong sullt tren va duai, tren m~t dt dUng Clla bup song chinh.
>1) rl)ng buac song chinh theo phuong ngang: Lit.goc gifra hai duang (quy vB
duang thikg) nua cong suM tren va duai, tren m~t dt ngang Cllabup song chinh.
Sg phan Xlilxay ra khi song di~n ill truyBn d~n ml)t v~t th8 co kich thuac Ian so
vai buac song clla song dugc truyBn. Sg phan Xlilxay ra ill bB m~t trcii dllt, cac toa
nhit.,tuang va ill nhiBu v~t can khac. N~u bB m~t tron phikg thi tin hi~u bi phan Xlil
vfin khong bi fmh huang m~c du vfin bi suy hao do sg hllp th1,1va tan Xlil.
Sg khuc Xlilmo ta nhUng duang gllp khuc Clla song vo tuy~n khi chUng di qua moi
SlfkhucXfl
17
(refraction)
truang co chi~t sullt khac nhau. Khi song vo tuy~n di qua moi truang co chi~t sullt
~
Ian hon song se bi be gay nhu la thay d6i huang di. Khi di qua moi truang nhu
v~y, song co th8 bi phan Xliltra llilitheo huang tin hi~u dugc mong dgi, ho~c co th8
18
khuM Mi bB m~t khong bikg phikg. V6'i tful s5 cao, sg nhiu Xlilgi5ng nhu khuc
Xlil,my thul)c vao dlilllghinh hQCCllad5i tugng che khullt va bien dl), pha va dl)
pharr cgc Clla song tlilidi8m xay ra nhiu Xlil.
Sg tan Xlilxay ra khi moi truang truyBn dfin rna song ill qua tan tlilicac d5i tugng';1 l~
6'0f.
co kich thuac nho hon buac song Cllatin hi~u va s5 lugng cac v~t can tren ml)t
.
SlfttIn Xfl
19
(scattering)
,,,
".,
,;, '~
ttl I VIET
don vi the tich la Ian. Song bi tan Xlilxuat pMt ill cac be m~t go ghe, cac doi tugngN 1M,
.
,p
kich thuac nh6 ho~c cac thfmh phful gay tra nglilitren duang truyBn tin hi~u. Vi~A
d1,1:nhUng d5i tugng co th8 gay pharr tan song cho
M th5ng
S\l hllp th1,1song xay ra khi tin hi~u song g~p phai v~t can va bi hllp th1,1do chllt
li~u Cllav~t can nhung song khong di qua cling khong bi phan Xlilhay u5n cong
quanh d5i tugng.
La thu~t ngfr chi phuong thirc truyBn dfin trong t&m nhin thikg (tirc la anten pMt
LOS (Light
21
of site)
HO'l
,mJI
Slf hOpth,!
20
(Absorption)
)OAI
va anten thu nhin thfty nhau rna khong co v~t can nao gifra chUng). Vi d1,1vBtruyBn
dfin trong t&mnhin thikg la truyBn dfin vi ba, truyBn d~n v~ tfnh vsat.
57
~~
kf
Thuat n -
Gitin ilofJn
22 do mijttrd;
(Sun
Outage)
"
J.
23
~~~~!
{/q t\ ~",.\
=1
_~__
.__.
\" \ ~'"
01\
.,* \
I"
Mi2n
Fresnel
I dl
d2
~~);,
""'-~
,I
II'1;#'';/
~ '~.~
~'.\\',\
1.~~U
nhin vo tuyen.
n
S\I
o
Hinh 37: Min Fresnel
58
Thuatn2;U:
Bit
Byte
Byte Iii don vi dung de bieu diSn thong tin; 1 byte gom 8 bit vii co
th oo~ duQ'c256 gia tri khac OOau.
LAN
MAN
WAN
VLAN
LAN (Local Area Network) IIIh~ thong ml,illgdung de truyen Uli dfr
li~u trong cung mQt vilng dia ly 006, hyp (thOng thuOng Iii ml,illgvan
phong, truOng hQc ... ).
MAN (Metropolitan Area.Network) Iii M thong ml,illg dung de de
truySn tiii dfr li~u cho ph1;lmvi trong thanh ph6, thi xli; xet vS quy
mo dia ly thi ml,illgMAN Ian hon ml,illgLAN nhung 006 han ml,illg
WAN.
WAN (Wide Area Network) Iii h~ thOng m1;lngdling de truyen tiii dfr
li~u gifra cac khu VlJC ~ia ly cach x~ OOau;xet vSquy mo dia ly thi
ml,illg WAN Iii l6n nhiit, sau do den ml,illg MAN vii sau cling Iii
ml,illgLAN.
VLAN (Virtual local area network) IIImQt ky thu~t cho phep t1;lOl~p
cac ml,illg LAN dQc l~p mQt cach logic tren cling mQt ki~n truc h1;l
tfulg v~t ly. Vi~c t1;lOl~p OOiSuml,illg LAN iio trong mOt M th6ng
m1;lnggiup giiim thiu vilng quiing ba (broadcast domain) cling OOu
thu~n lQ'itrong vi~c quan tV.
Dia chi IP (Internet Protocol) Iii mQt dia chi don OOatmii cac thief bi
m1;lngSlr dVng d6 oo~ di~n vii k~t n6i vai OOautren ml,illgmay HOO
khi Slr dVng bQ giao thU'cTCP/IP.
Do do, cac thi~t bi ml,illgmu6n k~t n6i vai nhau phili co mQt dia chi
duy OO~ttren ml,illg. Hi~n nay tren th giai dang Slr dVng d6ng thai
02 phien ban Iii IPv4 vii IPv6.
- Dia chi IPv4 co dO diii 32 bit, duQ'c chia lilm 04 kh6i; m6i kh6i co
dO diii 8 bit vii duQ'cbi6u diSn bing cac s6 OOiphan.
-- e------'---.-'-,--,
10101000
1111000000
DiaehiIP
II
I
I
Phanm~ng
Hinh 38:
cdu
00001010
ooooo;;;;;l
.__
.--J
Phan host
C~u trUc dja chi: Bao g6m 02 phful Iii phful m1;lngvii phful host.
- Dja chi IPv6 co dO diii 128 bit, duQ'c chia lam 08 kh6i; m6i kh6i
co dQ diii 16 bit vii duQ'cbi6u diSn b~ng 04 s6 hexa.
C~u trUc dja chi: Bao g6m 2 phful Iii ml,illgvii host gi6ng OOudja
chi IPv4.
S9
lIT thulit
viln thOng
Switching,
Routing
60
I Tt I Thuat
nl!ll'
MPLS
hi
Modem
DSLAM
BRAS
BRAS (Broadband Remote Access Server) Iii thiet bi ket cuoi dich
V\lcua khach hang ADSL.
,
Switch
Router
Switch Iii thiet bi m?llg ho?t d9ng a 16'p2 cua mo hinh OS1.
Thiet bi Switch thlJC hi~n chuyen m?ch dlJa tren thOng tin 16'p 2:
dia chi MAC cua moi truOng Ethernet.
Router Iii thiet bi m?ng ho?t d9ng a 16'p3 cua mo hinh OS1.
Router xay d1Jllgbang thong tin dinh tuy~n dlJa tren cac giao thuc
dinh tuy~n tInh ho~c d9ng. Khi truyn tai goi tin, Router se dQc dia
chi IP dich tro g Heade~ vii ~~m tra thOng tin niiy trong bang dinh
tuy n d~ tim dUOngdi tot nhat.
Bang
thOng
DVtri
Biin thien
ilv t i
Bang thOng duang truyen dung de chi luqng dfr li~u mii dUOng
truyn co th~ mang di trong m9t don vi thai gian. Don vi thai gian
duQ'c sir dvng Iii giay. 00 do bang thong thuOng sir d\mg ac don
vi nhu bps (bit per second), Kbps (Kilobit per second), Mbps
(Me abit per second), Gbps (Gigabit per se ond), ...
D9 tr~ (Delay) Iii khoang thai gian til lilc goi tin duQ'c giri di cho
d~n khi nh~ duQ'cgoi tin phiin h6i til phia dich.
D9 tr~ ph\! thu9C vii tY l~ thu~ v~i 02 yu t&: chiu dili tuy~n cap
vii muc d9 nghen cua uOng truyen.
Bien thien d9 tr~ (Jitter) Iii SlJ khac bi~t ve d9 tr~ cua cac goi tin
khac nhau theo coo dUOngdi vii v.
Tj I? mat
goi
Ty l~ mat goi (Packet loss) Iii tY l~ gifra so goi tin bi mat v6'i tong
s&goi tin truyn qua kt n&itrong m t don vi thai gian.
61
Thuat n ii'
va DeN
Ml;U1gMetro Ethernet: Tli\lc hi~n gorn toan bQ lUll lugng ill cac
diSm truy nh~p len M th5ng ml;U1gIPBN va MPBN.
M{lng truyn
tiiiIP
62
ThuMn if
Iff
M~g IPBN la ~g
duQ'CdUng d~ truy~n till luu lUQTIgdata cho cae
dich V\ltruy cful Internet bang rQngnhu ADSL, FTIx, Mobile Internet
(2G/3G), Internet Leased-line.
M~g IPBN dUQ"cthi@tk@d~ k@tn6i v6i cac nha cung d.p dich V\l
internet trong nu6c va qu6c t@.
M,!ngIPBN
Cac lOp chinh dia mang IPBN:
a. L6"pC&ngk~t n~i:
+ Cfmg k@tn6i trong nu6c (Domestic GateWay - DGW) ph\lc V\l
k@tn6i vm cac nha m~g khac trong nu6c nhu VDC, FPI,
CMC, VNIX, ...
C6ng k@tn6i qu6c t@(Internet GateWay - IGW) ph\lc V\l k@t
n6i vm m~g Internet qu6c t@.
b. L6"pli'ii(P - Provider):
+ Lam lap t~p trung, gom k@tn6i va trung chuy~n lUll lugng
giiia cac lap PE, lap GW nQi vtmg va lUll lugng lien vtmg.
M,!ngMPBN
M~g MPBN la m~g dUQ"cdUng d~ truy~n tai lUll lugng tho~i cua
cac dich V\l di dQng 2G/3G, co nhi~m V\l k@t n6i cac h~ th6ng
m~g 16i di dQng (MSC, MGW, HLR, SIP, ... ) lien vling va nQi
vtmg v6i nhau.
63
Thuat nft
~e
Hinh 41: M6 hinh te5ngquan va ch{rc nang mr;mg MP BN
Cac lOp chinh clia mangMPBN:
a. LOp lOi:
+ Lam lap ~p trung, gom kSt n6i va trung chuy~n luu luqng nQi
vimg ho~c lien vimg.
Mf}ngMetro
Ethernet
Hinh 42: Sa
a6 mr;mg Metro
Ethernet
Thuat n -
b.
+
c.
+
d.
- Ph\lc V\l cho cong tac quan ly, giam sat va di~u hanh h~ thbng vi~n
thOng.
- Truy~n sb li~u tir cac h~ thbng vi~n thOng v~ M thbng tinh cucrc .
M!ngDCN
Hinh 43 . Sa
III.
TT
mgng DeN
Thuat ngii'
Dich
1
dd
V(l
- Dich V\l ADSL cho phep khach hang troy c~p Internet d\fa tren h{l
tkg cap dbng keo tir nha .tr{lffiViettel t61 khach hang. Dich V\l
FTIH cho phep kh~ch hang troy c~p internet tbc dQ cao d\fa tren hl,l.
tAng cap quang keo tir nha tr{lfficlla Viettel tcrj khach hang.
+ V61 dich V\lADSL: ThiSt hi dAu cubi Clla khach hang (modem)
Internetc6
tlinh
+ V61 dich V\l FTIH: ThiSt hi dAu cubi Clla khach hang (router)
d!lu nbi tIvc tiSp vao site router hol.lc thong qua Switch gom
(rbi chuYSn len site router) thOng qua cac du<mg cap quang tIvc
tiSp.
(ADSVFTTx)
Thuat n ii'
",
L~Q
r
1
.'
Hinh 44
+ Djch
V\l
+ Djch
V\l
VtI
internet eb djnh
Djeh v(l3G
Qua triOOxac th\lC, Clip phat dja chi 1P va tinh cuac cho thue
bao ADSL duQ'c th\lc hi~n thong qua tiSn triOO cua BRAS va
h~ th6ng AAA.
Djch
V\l
V\l
3G (thol;liva data):
66
TT
Thuat
ii'
~~NG "atI,
N
V\l
tho~; data;
Dicit v{lIPTV
+-+
IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) la ffiQt djch V\l gia tri gia tang cho
pbep khach hang su d1,ll1gcae dich V\l truySn hiOO:Live-TV, VOD,
TSTV, NVOD, nPVR, ... tren nSn h~ tAng internet bang rQng.
Traffic flow cua djch
V\l
IPTV:
67
TT
kV
Thu3t n fr
~
WOl,lR\1GlAO
tHlicMUl.tIC.u1'1
rM-JMtHO I
T&wbnJ.lLI./'U :
tll()tjouvUv'
"~$U'DIJI'l:II
: coanNlu
MPUtA'I'NCHOI
=~~l
1
MOI'tIold,U
1 AaGQIlfnlMloJfo
"
Luu luqng live-TV duQ'c truySn theo co ch~ multicast, luu luqng
cho djch V\l VOD duQ'ctru Sn tai theo co ch~ unicast.
Djch V\l cho thue kenh truySn Metro WAN (L2VPN) duQ'c dimg dB
cung dp k~t n6i diBm - diBm, diBm - da diBm va da diBm - da
di~m trong ph~ vi nQi tinh, lien tinh va lien vUng thong qua k~t
n6i lap 2.
Vll
Djch V\l cho thue kenh truySn OfficeWAN (L3VPN) dugc dimg d~
cung d.p k~t n6i di~m - diBm, diBm - da di~m va da di~m - da
diBm trong h~ vi nQi tinh, lien tinh va lien vUng thOng ua k~t
68
Thuat n ii'
noi 16p 3.
V\l
La cong ngh~ cho phep cac La cong ngh~ cho phep cac Site u
Site Clla hlich hang duqc kSt khach hang duqc kSt n5i vai nhau
n5i v6i nhau thOng qua kSt thOng qua kSt n5i lap 3 - rno hinh
OS!.
n5i lap 2 - rno hinh OS!.
i~c djnh tuySn giii'a ac lap Vi~c djnh tuySn giii'a cac lap rn~g
rn~g nQi bQ khach hang do nQi bQ khach hang do nha cung dp
djch V1,1 th\l'Chi~n.
khach hang W th\l'Chi~n.
)
I
Thai gian trB thAp han vi vi~c Thai gian trB cao han vi v ~c th\l'c
hi~n xu ly goi tin d\l'a tren thOng tin
th\l'c hi~n xu ly goi tin d\l'
lap 3.
tren thong tin lap 2.
Cac diBrn kSt n5i cua khlich Cac diBrn kSt n5i cua khach hang co
hang hoan toan thong duqc thB ch~n ho~c rna tuy theo nhu cAu
vai nhau thong qua rnoi djnh tuySn cua khach hang.
Wang lap 2.
69
Pho.n 6. Ha to.ng
TANG
IIaynbay 2m
--~~p
/
S<fi phi do
(di tr!n thang clip)
-~\~~
;'I;6idal eho
thangdp
vi tn
nang tap
'\
Bang
dong tiep
\r-----------------------.
'.
dat trong
phOng
may
......
70
TT
k thuiit
viin thOng
71
PhOn 7. Cd ilien
plIAN 7. CO DI~N
1. H~ th8ng di~n xoay chi~u AC (AC: Alternating Current)
TT
Thu~t ngfr
-
Cong suflt,
cong suat
tac
dt,mg,
cong suat
phon khang
;.0 =$,sil141
May bien ap hay may bien the 1ft thiet bi Iftm vi~c tren nguyen ly
cam ling di~n tir, bin d6i mC)t M th6ng dong di~n xoay chi~u & di~n
Maybiin ap ap nfty thanh mC)t M .th6n& dong di~n xoay c~i~u & ~i~n ap khac v&i
tan so khong thay doL Cau tl;10clla may bien ap gom cuC)n day sa
cA , th(r cA vft IN tir (thOng thuang lam bfulg silt tir ferit).
72
Thu,t ugfr
PhOn 7. CO'dien
Khliini~m/l)~cdiSm
Thu~tngfr
Day dan
kV
PhOn 7. Cd tlien
Trongi16:
Thu~tngii'
PhOn 7. Cu ilien
hu~t
ii'
cau
{lo eua
tit
otor
tator
- ChUc nang: T~o ra di~n the xoay chieu 3 pha nha SlJ thay doi tir th6p.g khi
rotor quay.
- Cac thanh phan chinh: L5i stator, cUQnday stator, dau ra.
75
hu~t
if
PhOn 7. Cu ilien
.Cugnqaystator
~Qis.tator
VR
AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) may phat di~n hay con g9i la bi) tlJ dieu
chinh di~n ap, bi) ph~ nay cimg 11k thlJChi~n 2 cMc nang co ban trong Ung
d\lng cua Viettel:
- Di~u chinh di~n ap may ph::itdi~n: V6i chuc nang nay bi) AVR no co th~
til~nhanh theo doi di~n ap dfiura cua may phat di~n, d6ng thai so sliph vm
mi)t di~n ap tham chiu.
- Bu tru di~n ap suy giam tren duang day: Mu&n giam b6t tac h~i cua M ~p 11
th&ngdo qua trinh v~ hanh may phat di~n gay ra, bi) di~u ap phai dlJ dom ~~NA~H
duQ'ckha nang S\ltgiam cua duang day va t~o ra di~n ap bUtri:rcho di) S\lt.0GrAi
giam do.
.
Ly thuyet: May phat dlJ phOng (v6i cong suat dlJ phOng) thuang duQ'csir
d\lng trong cac truang hQ'Pm~t di~n di)txuk Lo~i may nay thuang thuang sir
d\lng kt hQ'Pv6i ngu6n di~n tin c~y nhu di~n lu6i d~ c~p di~n cho tai khi m~~
di~n ho~c trong truang hQ'Pbao du6ng h~ th&ng.May phat dlJ phOng bi gi6i
h~ hai thai gian ch~y lien tvc va thai gian v~ hanh 1 nam.
Th,!c t~: May phat dlJ phOngt~i Viettella lo~i may xang, dimg c~p di~n cac
tr~ co di~n lu6i trong truang hQ'Pm~t di~n ho~c sfuI sang cho vi~c bao
duang M th&ngdi~n trong tr~m (nhu do ki~m M th&nglic quy). Trong twang
hQ'Pt6ng tr~ tinh ho~c khu V1JC
thi sir d\lng may phat dfiu lam may phat dlJ
phOng. Theo quy dinh ch~y may phat Viettel, thai gian ch~y lien t\lc't&i da
cho he la 4 gia.
Ly thuyet: May phat lien tvc (v6i cong suat lien t\lc) cho phep v~ hanh
"khong bi gi6i h~ thai gian ch~y" va thuang duQ'csir d\lng lam ngu6n chinh
dp di~n cho tai. ThOngthuang, gia tri cong su~t lien t\lCbfuIgx~p xi 80%
cong su~t dlJphOng.
.
Th,!c t~: May phat lien tvc t~i Viettel la lo~i may dfiu,dung dp di~n cho cac
tr~ khong co di~n lu6i, thong thuang nAma cac dia di~mxa xoi, bi~n dao,...
nm chua co h~ th&ngdi~n lu6i.
=- .
May
phat
6
dlf
phong
May
phat
lien
t{lc
- ATS (Auto Transfer Switch) la thiet bi chuyen doi nguon tlJ di)ng
giua 2 (hay nhi~u) ngu6n di~nv6i tai khi co yeu du (m~tngu6n dang
sir d\lng, co tra I~ingu6n l!U tien, ...).
- Thiet bi chu ~n d6i ngu6n tlJ di)n g6m cac bi) h~:
76
. , sat
Bp glam
diJu
khiin
/GSIJK)
Timer
4.
TT
Pltrm 7. Cu dien
- H~s6 chuyn d6i AC/DC: La h~ S6 suy giiim cong su!t khi chuyn
dbi tlr di~n AC sang di~n DC, do nang luqng khi chuyn dbi bi bin
dbi tir di~n nang sang cac d~g nang luqng khac nhu nhi~t nang ...
(d6i vai h? th6ng ngu6n DC eua Viettel dang su d7,mg,h? s6 ihuang
la 0,92.
Ly thuyet:
huat n fr
Phlin 7. Cd tlien
f)i~n liroi AC
BQ bru di~n
UPS
- Ly thuyet: La nguang canh bao de thvc hi~n Ung CUuthong tin, ch~y
may pMt di~n.
Nguiing
eanh
btlo - Th1JCtS ap d\l1lg:
- H~ thOng ngat toan bQ tii khong uu tien (ill thu pMt BTS, Node B)
Nguiing tli?n khi di~n ap xu6ng du6i nguang d t~p trung nang lUQTIgduy tri ho~t
dQng cho tii uu tien (thiSt bi truyn dan, thist bi giam sat, ... )
tip thOp ngilt
tai khOng uu - Th1JCtS ap dVng:
tien (LLVD)
bOo v? ile
quy(BLVD)
Ly thuyet:
- Capacity: Dung lUQ'Ilgclla m6i tA ~c quy.
- String: S6 lUQ'Ilgth1JctS tA ~c quy t~i tr~m.
Tham
- Charge Limit: Gi6i h~ dong n~p cai d~t d bao v~ ~c quy khi n~p.
quan tr!Jng - Di~n ap n~p d~m (float voltage): Di~n ap n~pa chS dQ n~p nAi khi
eili tl{it eho
dung lUQ'Ilg~c quy d~t tren 80% ho~c dong n~p < 0,06C.
~
aequy
- Di~n ap n~p tang cuOng (boost voltage): Di~n ap n~p a chS dQ tang
cUOngkhi dung lUQ'Ilg~c quy du6i 80% ho~c dong di~n ::::0,06C.
- Tham s6 bU nhi~t cho ~c quy: Diu chinh di~n ap n~p cho ~c quy theo
nhi~t dQbinh ~c uy d bao v~ ~c quy.
sa
78
TT fhnat n2ft
Dlly dan
ili?n dip
neu8nDC
equy
PhOn 7. Cd ilien
- Lo~i day dfin hay su d1,1ngcho ngu6n DC: Cap d6ng m~m nhi~u sqi.
- Cach chQn day dfin: Ap d\lllg gi6ng cach chQn day AC.
kV
79
huat n if
kiJ thufitviin
PhOn 7. Cu ilien
thOng
BinhchUa
BaD eye am
Ngaouch
Dung lutfllg
tic quy
NVi
trd
tic
quy
Tugi th(J
quy
tic
Phan 7. Cu ilien
TT
Refationshlp between
chargl,ng voltage and temperature
quan h?
i?n tip n(lp va
hi?t ilv
. to
.:1
10
2'0
30
Ambient temperlltlJre('C)
Ol quan h?
iira nhi?t ilV
a dung lUf/ng
!:
BO
1>0
i
u
40
<II
20
.10
ffinh
it'
, h
~o
20
30
4tl
E.ofCl
Ae quy e6 d~e tinh W ph6ng, dong W ph6ng di~n eua ae quy ph\!
ae tm
~ vao
, n91
~. tro', va'nh'~11ftd~
~ quy,. th~ong th'uang ae
~ quy b'!
il"~ tu
. th uge
Q IUUt ru- ae
~ ong l!!n eua milt khoang 0,1% dung IUQ11g/ngay(khoang 3% dung IUQ11g/
thang) 0
e quy
nhi~t d9 250C.
81
/if
Phan 7. Cu ilien
1
1.1
hn~tngfr
khi
hOa Din hoa khong khi (DHKK) la thi~t bi diu chinh va duy tri moi
hOngkhi
truOng khong khi theo thong s6 nhi~t dQ dinh tru6'c.
- Phful IOl;litheo di).cdiem cua thiet bi xu ly nhi~t:
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa C\lCbQ.
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa kiSu phan tan .
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa trung tam.
- Phan IOl;litheo di).cdiSm moi chc1tgiiii nhi~t dan ngung:
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa giiii nhi~t bfulg nuoc (water cooled)
./ H~ th6ng diu hoa giiii nhi~t bfulg khong khi (air cooled)
- Phful IOl;litheo cc1utruc kh6i:
./ Diu bOa 1 C\lC.
./ Diu bOa 2 C\lC.
han IOfJiiliJu
1.2 oa khOng khi
I
~
'7~~~
. ~"",.
/i.!~N(
J
ph~:
1.3
au tfJO iliJu
oa
R41OA.
82
Phlin 7. CO'dien
TT
hu~t ngfi'
Condenser Coli
Hot gas
Hot Liquid
evaporator
58: cdu t(lO diu hoa
Cold Liquid
lflnh
kh6ng khi
1.4
guyen Ij CO' - Moi chat & d~g hai (trong tr~ng thai bao bOakho) ill bu6ng l~nh
duQ'cmay nen hut viw va nen do~ nhi~t & ap su&tcao, nhi~t di)
an cua dieu
cao. Sau do hai moi chat di vao binh ngung, truyn nhi~t qua dan
cac
ngung nha luqng nhi~t cho moi truOng ben ngoai (khong khi hay
ph lin
nuac lam mat) va ngung W dfulg ap chuyn v d~g long. Moi
1.5
'nverter.
1.6
-
chat long ngung Will dan ngung di qua van ti~t lUll,giam ap su&t
va chuyn ill d~g long sang d~g hai fun nhi~t di) th&p.Hai fun
ti~p Wc di vao bu6ng l~ nh~ nhi~t luqng cua khong khi cfln
lam lanh bi~n thanh hai bao hoa kho va chu trinh Hi lai nhu cu.
Dieu 'bOainverter (bien tan): T~o khi mat bang c~ch'thay doi tan .9lO~
s6 may nen, do do diu chinh luqng moi chat d dap img nhu du ~6N ~
lam mat va d~t duQ'cnhi~t de?mong mu6n vai mirc di) thay dbi ;01 VIWG
nhi~t di) t6i th.iu.Nha diu khin nhi~t di) chinh xac, ti~ tr~ng,>o~'j,~1o
lang phi co the duQ'clo~i bOoDo v~y, may l~nh inverter tiet ki~m~b~~(.
di~n han diu bOathong thuOng.
'J:y~
Di~u hoa thrrimg (hay con gQi lit di~u bOa non-inverter hay"'"
mono): May chi ch~y & ch~ di) day tai, do do khi cai d~t nhi~t di)
20C hay 2SoC ciing tieu th\l cong su&tgi6ng nhau. Cach nh~
bi~t rat ra la & bi) ph~n ben trong cua dau l~ khong co m~ch
di~n tir, chi bao g6m 1 bi) ph~ cho may nen va 1 bi) pMn cho
qu~t. May ch~y n~u d y kYtrong khong gian yen tInh thi l~u lau
se nghe ti~ng l~cht~ch cua ra Ie cam bi~n nhi~tho~t di)ng.
EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio: Ty l~ hi~u suat nang luqng) la chi
s6 danh gia hi~u su&tnang luqng, chi s6 nay ghi thOng s6 m6i
watt di~n duQ'csir d\lllg se cho bao nhieu dan vi nhi~t Anh BTU/h
(thuOngg9i la BTU).
COP (Coefficient Of Performance) la chi s6 danh gia hi~u qua
nang luqng trong ua trinh sir d\lng may diu bOakhong khi duQ'c
83
kV
PhOn 7. Cd ilien
TT ~hu~t ngfr
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
nghia
'fJinh
pin m9t trili
84
.~,
f .
' '
_.
ti baa quang
Ql
cau
3
8. H~ th8ng
TT
rhu~t
canh
bao
Khai ni~m/J)i-c di~m
Hi~n t~i tren m~g Viettel giam sat duQ'c 8 lo~i canh bao sau:
Vi tri dau n6i
TT Lo,i canh blio
HQP cimh bao AC- Vl/2
Melt di~n lum
1
HQp cimh baoAC-Vl/2
Chlilyrnayno
2
ngfr
bao
Canh
nhii tr{lm
3
4
ClilDnguon Ac quy
(DC Low)
Hong rectifier va mat di~n til
ngu6nDC
Tungu6nDC
Tungu6nDC
TUnguonDC
TUnguonDC
diem
(Jaucanh bao
Tiip
Ti~p di6m dau canh bao duQ'c quy dinh pMi dau vao ti~p di~m thuang
dong NC (Normally Closed), ~ho ph6p xuAt canh bao k~ ca trong
85
An
TT rrhu~tngii'
PhOn 7. CO'ilien
hu~t ngii'
ijc
t{nh
ongsit
0,9
0,5
01
01
.... ,
I--~
.Tl=l,25AB
,,--------~
,
T2
hap chang
it
iltinh
rlfc tilp
Chang sit
an truyJn
- Sli dl,lng M thOng di~n cl,J'cthu loi (fanklin): la IOl;!iduQ'c sli dl,mg
tl;!icac trl;lillthu pMt cua Viettel.
- Sli dl,Ing M th6ng di~n cl,J'cpMt tia tien dl;!o sam (ESE: Early
Stream Emission).
- Sli d\!ng M th6ng phan tan nang IUQ'llgset (DAS: Dissipation Array
System).
- La thiet bi cat set nguon 3 pha ho~c I pha, lap song song vai nguon
di~n d~ tieu tan nang IUQ'llgset xu6ng dk
- cAu hinh cua IOl;!inay g6m co 3 phfu1:
./ V an c~t set: Dung d~ c~t xung di~n set Ian truyn tren luai hl;!
th xu6ng dAt,truac khi no co th~ theo ngu6n di~n di vao ph\!
tilL
./ Day dful set: Dung d~ d&ndong set til di~m nut ml;lllgdn van
c~t set va tir van c~t set dn M th6ng tip dk
./ H~th6ng ti dAt:DUng dS tan don di~n set.
86
Phan 7. Cu ilien
TT ~hu~t ngfi'
87
Thuat n2ft
Phin m~m
di~u banh
ghim sat
m~nghrm
NocPro
Phinm~m
ki~m soat
truy c~p
m~ng Ium
Gatepro
Phin m~m
quan Iy ti.i
nguyen
m~ngNIMS
(Network
Infrastructu
reManagem
ent System).
Ml}c dich:
- La M th6ng giam sat canh bao, canh bao s6m, giam sat tMhi~u
nang t~p trung cho toan b(>ml;lI1gluM vi~n thong cua Viettel.
- T~o thanh ticket d~ giao vi~c va di~u hanh xu Iy sg c6 t~p trung
(ho~c dAy sang h~ th6ng di~u hanh xu 19 sg c6 da dich Vl)
NTMS ill 10/2013).
DBi tUQ1lgsir dl}ng:
- Toan b(> Igc luqng ky thu~t tham gia vao cong mc giam sat
canh bao, giam sat hi~u nang, di~u hanh va xu 19 sg c6, ung
cuu thong tin.
- Phfu1 dp nguai dung theo cac dp T6ng cong ty, Khu vgc/Thi
truang,Chinhlinh,CvrrVD(>ikythu~t.
M\lc dich:
- La c6ng xac thgc, phan quy~n t~p trung tuong tac giua nguoo
dUng vai node ml;lI1g,Quan 19, ghi nh~t kY bic d(>ngml;lI1gluM
d6i vai cac node m~ng co h5 trQ'dong I~nh. Lien k~t vai CR d~
quan 19 tac d(>nghqp phlip.
- Cung cAp giao di~n API h5 trQ' tac d(>ng ml;lI1gluai giao thuc
Telnet/SSH cho cac M th6ng lap tren.
D6i tUQ1lg sir dl}ng: Toan b(> Igc luqng ky thu~t co nhu cAu tac
d(>ngvao ml;lI1gluai.
M\lc dich:
- Qmin Iy toan b(>thOng tin h~ tang ml;lI1gluai nhu ml;lI1gngo~i vi
(c6ng b~, c(>t, cap d6ng, cap quang, til cap, h(>p cap, mang
xong, ODF), nha tr~m, cac thi~t bi vi~n thong va phv trQ'trong
tr~m, tr~ vi ba, tr~m VSAT ... va cac dAu n6i v~t Iy ill thi~t bi
d~n thi~t bi/khach hang tren n~n ban d6 s6.
- Lien k~t va la ngu6n co So' du li~u (danh mvc nha tr~, thi~t
bi ..) cho cac phan m~m khac
D6i tUQ1lgsir d\lng:
.
.
- Lgc luqng ky thu~t cac cap Cong ty (VTT & VTNet); Khu vgc
1,2,3; 63 CNVT Tinh/TP .
.
Phanm~m
quan Iy s1f
cBNTMS
(Network
Trouble
Ticket
Management
System).
,
"
Ph an
mem
quan Iy cdn
hinhNCMS
(Network
Configuration
Management
Ml}c dich:
- Quan Iy cac thong tin sg c6 (ticket) duQ'c phan anh ill Call
Center, ho~c sg c6 do Igc luqng ky thu~t phlit hi~n ra va dua
len M th6ng, quan Iy va di~u hanh giao vi~c, giai quy~t tai khi
dong sg c6.
DBi tUQ1lgnguOi dung: Lgc luqng ky thu~t cac dp Cong ty (VTT
& VTNet); Khu vgc 1, 2, 3; 63 CNVT Tinh/TP va cac thi truang.
Muc dich:
- . Quan Iy, cAuhinh, tham s6 m~m cua tAt ca cac lo~i thi~t bi vi~n
thong theo rung Vendor khac nhau.
- Quan 19 phien ban phan m~m tren thi~t bi.
- Cung dp m(>ts6 cong cv ra soat tham s6, cAu hinh, checklist..
so vai du hinh chuAn.
88
Thu~lt n2ft
System)
p"han mem
"
6
NPMS
(Network
Performance
Management
System)
Ph in m~m
nha tr~m
thOng minh
kV
10
Phin m~m
Quan Iy
Congtac ky
thu{it tinh
(QLCTKT)
Phin m~m
QuanlyCR
(QLCR)
"
'
Phan mem
CSR
89
11
Thuat n2ft
Ph~n mSm
qmin ly tai
li~u
).
Ph an mem
12 test end to
end
Ph~n mSm
13 thi~t k~ t6i
U'u
14
15
).
Phan mem
Coo di~n
Ph~n mSm
QoS
k thuiit
viln thOng
Phan 8. Phan
mim quan
It kY thufjt
no
'~;
90