Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OBJECTIVES
To study about the performance of basic instruments and devices.
To understand the various sensing and measurement devices of
instrumentation.
To understand the different methods used for emission process.
To learn about the various instruments used and its components.
OUTCOMES
Content.
Selection of measuring instrument, requirements of
measurement such as precision, accuracy, errors,
sensitivity, readability and reliability
Devices to measure temperature and pressure of the
working fluid, coolant, air and fuel flow into the
engine
Indicating and integrating instruments
Vibrometer, Accelerometer, vibration and pressure
pickups, vibration test methods and counters
Need.
Methods.
Direct
Indirect
Instrument.
Instrument is a device that transforms a physical
variable (the measurand ) into a form that is suitable
for recording (the measurement)
Types
Indicating Indicates instantaneous values.
Integrating integrates the events over a period. ( t * E ).
Recording Records and logs the events.
Measuring System.
From
Field
Sensing Element
Display
Data Presentation
& Storage
Processing
Element
Manipulating
Element
Transmission
Element
Requirements of Measurements.
Accuracy - Accuracy is the ability of an instrument to show the
exact reading
Precision - capability of an instrument to show the same
reading when used each time.
Errors - Difference between the result of a measurement and
the true value
Sensitivity - ratio of change in output towards the change in
input at a steady state condition
Readability providing readable values
Reliability Providing error free measurements
Repeatability maximum deviation from the average of
repeated measurements
Measurements in Automobiles.
Vehicle Speed
Distance
Engine angular speed(rpm)
Fuel level
Oil pressure
Engine coolant temperature
Tire pressure
Alternator charging current
Fuel reserve indication empty fuel tank
Door open Indicators
Ultrasonic method.
Non contact method.
Inbuilt receiver and
transmitter.
Time taken for
transmission &
reception level.
Fire safe
Highly accurate
Float method
Most common in 2
wheelers.
As the fuel level in the tank
changes, the float position
will change, changing the
sensors resistance.
This resistance change is
detected by an electric
gauge.
Conductive Method.
Simple method.
The device conducts with
raise in float.
Variation in resistance is
proportional to level
measurement.
Back
Back
Back
Back
Indicated in rpm.
Tachometer Eddy or Drag
Idle & Free run of engine.
Torque measurement.
Ang vel(eng) not equal to Ang
Vel(Wheels).
Energy transferred through gears.
Torque inverse Ang vel.
Back
Direct TPMS.
Back
3D Proximity Vibration
Monitoring System.
End of Unit 1