Professional Documents
Culture Documents
for masonry
Mortar binds bricks and blocks together to give strength and
stability to a wall.
1. materials
1.1 Cement
Preferred cement types are:
Common cement complying with SANS 50197-1
Masonry cement complying with SANS 50413-1;
strength class 22,5X.
1.2 Lime
Use only type A2P building lime complying with
SANS 523 : 2007. Do not use quick-lime, lime wash or
agricultural lime. Lime is sold in 25 kg bags.
2. mix proportions
1.3 Sand
Sand shall either comply with all of the following requirements or,
if required in terms of the specification, the requirements of
SANS 1090 for mortar sand (natural or manufactured):
Class II
Normal loadbearing applications, as well as parapets,
balustrades, retaining structures, and freestanding and garden
walls, and other walls exposed to possible severe dampness.
Minimum required
compressive strength
at 28 days, MPa
Quantity of sand
per 50 kg bag
of cement, l
Mortar
Preliminary Common2 Masonry3
Common2 Masonry3
class
Works
Sand
Sand
laboratory
cement
cement
cement,
bags
cement, bags
tests m3 m3
tests
32,5, 42,5
22,5X
32,5, 42,5
22,5X
I
14,5
10
II
4. mixing
Mixing should be done on a clean hard surface such as a smooth
concrete floor or a steel sheet. Small batches may be mixed in a
wheelbarrow provided that the volume of the batch is no more
than half the capacity of the barrow.
If you are working on your own or with one assistant, it is better
to mix a number of small batches as they are required than to
mix a one-bag batch.
One man particularly if he is a weekend builder can probably
lay a little more than 60 bricks an hour.
Sand and cement, and lime if used, should be mixed until the
colour of the mix is uniform. Then add water in small quantities,
mixing after each addition, until the mix is soft and plastic.
5. handling
If mortar is left in the sun before being used, it should be
covered with plastic sheeting or a wet sack. Discard mortar that
has stiffened so much that it is impossible to restore workability
without adding more water.
6. use of mortar
Mortar must not be used after it has started to set, which usually
occurs about two hours after it has been mixed.
Do not use too thick a layer of mortar between bricks or blocks;
this is wasteful and may lead to cracking.
7. quantities of materials
Quantities of cement and sand required per 50 kg bag of cement
and to produce 1 m3 of mortar are given in Table 1. Quantities
required for blocklaying depend on block size and are outside
the scope of this leaflet (See The Concrete Institute leaflet
Quantities for ordering building materials.)
The addition of lime is optional. A maximum of 25 kg is
permitted per 50 kg bag of cement when Class II mortar is used
and 10 kg, maximum, is permitted per 50 kg bag when
Class I mortar is being used. Mix proportions do not need
to be adjusted. Only yield will increase by 5 %.
Do not use lime with masonry cement.
Note that quantities in the table are approximate and do not
allow for wastage, which could typically range from 10 - 20 %.
Note: Concrete bricks and blocks should not be wetted
before being laid. Burnt clay bricks should be wetted before
being laid.
T 011 315 0300 F 011 315 0315 E-mail info@theconcreteinstitute.org.za website www.theconcreteinstitute.org.za
published by the concrete institute, midrand, 2013
the concrete institute