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Consider a power transformer station with transformation ratio U1 / U2 (110/20 kV being
equipped with a transformer having an apparent power Sn = 25 MVA.
Non-deforming consumers (Cnd) having Snd power demands, at PFnd power factor and
deforming consumers (Cd) having Sd power demands at PFd power factor are connected on U2
bars. The deforming consumers produce the following current harmonics I5 = 12%, I7 = 8%,
I11 = 3% relative to the fundamental current, I1, the short-circuit power on the bars section is
Sk.
I.Input data:
Transformer:
U1n = 110 kV
U2n = 20 kV
U2maxadm = 24 kV
Sn = 25 MVA
Deforming consumers:
Index, a = (serial number from presence sheet)
1
Sd 6 1
a 10 6
100
VA
PFd = 0,63
S k 150 a 10 6 VA
Non-deforming consumers:
1
6
S nd 4 1
a 10 [VA]
100
PFnd = 0,63
It requires:
1. Determination of characteristic parameters of deforming system.
2. Compensation with batteries of capacitors to achieve a PFneutral = 0.92 and studying
the influence of these batteries on the deforming system.
3. Study of possibility to mitigate deformations combined with the effects of battery of
capacitors and the determination of needed measures to reduce the voltage distortion
factor below 5%.
CALCULATION SUMMARY
1. Determination of characteristic parameters of deforming system
1.1. Calculate the needed reactances of system to achieve the equivalent diagramm of Fig. 1.
- system reactance, XS:
-
Xs
U 22
[]
Sk
X end
U n2
[]
Qnd
X ed
U n2
[]
Qd
Sd
3 U n
[A]
I 5d 0.12 I1d
I 7 d 0.08 I1d
I11d 0.03 I1d
[A]
[A]
[A]
I rezd
100 [%]
I1d
I 5 S I 5d
X ed
[A]
X ed X S
I 7 S I 7d
X ed
[A]
X ed X S
I11S I11d
X ed
[A]
X ed X S
U rezd
100 [%]
Un
[V]
2. Compensation with batteries of capacitors to achieve a PF neutral = 0.92 and studying the
influence of these batteries on the deforming system.
2.1 Determination of power of battery of capacitors, Fig.2.
2
2
S nd
Qnd
[W]
Pd
S d2 Qd2
[W]
Pt
[VA]
PFneutral
2
S neutral
Pt 2
[VAr]
Qnecesar
[F]
2 f U n2
Cb
U n Cb 2 f
3
[A]
X ed X end
[]
X ed X end
Xb
1
[]
Cb 2 f
X e1
X b X e 1
[]
X b X e 12
X e5
X b X e 5
[]
X b X e 52
X e7
X b X e 7
[]
X b X e 72
X e11
X b X e 11
[]
X b X e 112
X S1
X e1 X S 1
[]
X e1 X S 12
X S5
X e5 X S 5
[]
X e5 X S 52
X S7
X e 7 X S 7
[]
X e 7 X S 72
X e11 X S 11
[]
X e11 X S 112
- resonance harmonic, r:
X S11
Xb
Xe XS
Xe XS
U rez X S
Un
100 [%]
U S 5 5 Cb
[A]
3
I b7
U S 7 7 Cb
[A]
3
U S 11 11 Cb
[A]
3
- residue of current on battery of capacitors:
I b11
[A]
- distortion coefficient of battery current:
I rezb
I rezb
100 [A]
Ib
- RMS deforming current on battery of capacitors:
di
I bd
[A]
3. Study of possibility to mitigate the deformations combined with the effects of battery
of capacitors.
3.1. Determination of filter characteristic relative to 5th harmonic.
- coil reactance relative to 5th harmonic:
1
X bob 5
[]
Cb 5 2
- reactance of filter F for 7th and 11th harmonics:
1
[]
7 Cb
1
X bob 5 11
[]
11 Cb
X F 7 X bob 5 7
X F 11
1
[]
1 Cb