1) Design a crane hook for lifting capacity of 5 tonnes.

It is made from forged

steel and has a triangular section. Take permissible tensile stress as 80
N/mm2.Use data design book to standardize the dimension of hook.
Solution:
Given:

P = 5000 9.81 = 49050 N = 49.05 KN;

t

1.
i.

=80 N/mm2

Parameters of crane hook:

Bed diameter (c) :
Let

c = bed diameter, mm

ii.

Throat of hook (j):

iii.

J = 0.75C, mm
Depth of cross-section (h):
Let us take, h = 0.9C, mm

iv.

Width of cross-section (
bi

bi

):

=0.65h =0.65 0.9C = 0.58C, mm

For triangular cross-section,

v.

b0

=0

Parameter of cross-section:
R1 = 0.75h = 0.75 0.9C, mm
R2 = 0.125 = 0.124 0.9C = 0.1125C, mm
O1 O2 = 0.125h = 0.1125C, mm

vi.

Radii of intrados and extrados:

Ri = 0.5C, mm
RO =

vii.

+ h = 0.5C + 0.9C = 1.4C, mm

Cross-section area (A):

A=

viii.

Ri

1
2

bi

1
2

0.9C 0.585C = 0.263C2, mm2

Radius of neutral axis (

For triangular section,

b0

RN

):

= 0.

Ro
( bi bo )
Ri

( )

( b R bh R ) log
i

bi +b o
h
2
RN =

RN =

ix.

( 0.585C 0.9 C ) /2
=0.748 C , mm
0.585 C 1.4 C
log e ( 1.4 C /0.5 C )0.585 C
0.9C

Radius of neutral axis (

RG =R i+

x.

):

h ( b i+ 2b o )

h
0.9 C
=Ri + =0.5 C+
=0.8 C , mm
3
3
3 ( b i+ bo )

Distance between centroidal axis and neutral axis (e):

e=

2.

RG

RG R N =0.8 C0.748 C=0.052 C , mm

Resultant stresses:
PRN =49050 0.748C=36689.4 C , mm
M=
hi=R N Ri=0.748 C0.5 C=0.248 C , mm
ho =ROR N =1.4 C0.748 C=0.652 C , mm
The resultant stress at inner surface is,
i=

P Mhi
49050
36689.4 C 0.248 C
+
=
+
2
A AeRi 0.263 C 0.263 C 2 0.052C 0.5 C

1.865 10 5 13.306 105

+
2
2
C
C

i=

15.171 105
N /mm 2
2
C

The resultant stress at outer surface is,

o=

5
P Mh o
49050
0.36689 .4 C 0.652C 1.865 10 12.494

2
2
A AeR O 0.263 C2 0.2632 0.052C 1.4 C
C
C

O=

or
3.

10.629
,mm 2
2
C

Diameter of bed (C):

5

max = i=

84

15.171 10
2
C

15.171 105
C2

C=134.39 mm135 mm

...Ans.
4.

Dimensions of crane hook:

C 135 mm
J 0.75 C=0.75 135=101.25 mm
h 0.9 C=0.9 135=121.5 mm
bi=0.65 h=0.65 121.5=78.975 mm
R1=0.675 C=0.675 135=91.125 mm
R2=0.125 C=0.125 135=16.875 mm
Ri=0.5 C=0.5 135=62.5 mm
Ro=R i+ h=62.5+121.5=184 mm

...Ans.

From design data book, the standard dimensions selected are:

C 136.8 mm

h 154.8 mm

J 104.4 mm
bi=104.4 mm .

2) Find the main dimensions of a cast iron rope drum from following data for
winding (two sides).
Maximum load to be lifted = 8 kN

Diameter of wire rope = 32 mm

Lifting height = 2.7 m
Number of falls = 02
Allowable stress for cast iron = 33MPa
Rope of diameter =576mm
Use two movable sheves.
Given Data:T=8 x 106 N-mm
D = 576 mm

all

d = 32 mm

H = 2.7 x 103

= 33 N/mm2

Nf = 2

Solution:1.) Diamensions of rope drum

From tables
Wall thickness of rope drum
t = 0.02D + 8
=0.02 X 576 + 8
=19.52 mm = 20mm
Inner diameter of rope drum
Di = D-2t
=576 2x20
=536mm
Flange diameter of rope drum
Df = D +6d
=576 + 6x32
=768 mm
Number of groves on rope drum per rope system
Ratio of pulley i = 2
Hi
2700 x 2
+2=
+2
Zg = D
x 576
=4.98
Zg= 5
Diameter of groove on the rope drum
dg = d+3.2
=32 + 3.2
dg = 35.2 mm
Minimum clearance between ropes
Cr=3.0mm
Pitch of the grooves on rope drum
Pg = dg + Cr
= 35.2 +3.0
=38.2mm

Depth of grooves on the rope drum

bg = 0.1d = 0.1x32
=3.2mm
Length of rope drum
2.7 x 10000 x 2
+2
x 576
L=
) x38.2
2 Hi
+7 Pg=
D

L= 495.39mm
L= 500mm
2.) Stresses in rope drum
Bending stress(b)
8 LD F d
b= ( D 4D i4 )
b=

8 x 27777.78 x 576 x 500

( 576 4536 4 )

2
=0.74 N/mm

Crushing stress(c)
F d /N f
c= t P g
27777.78 /2
= 20 x 38.2
=36.36 N/mm2

Torsional Shear Stress( )

16 TD
=
4
4
(D Di )

168106 x 576
( 576 4536 4 )

0.852 N /mm2
Maximum principle stre

b + c
+
2

2
( b c )
2
+
2

0.74 +36.36
+
2

(0.7436.36)2
+0.852
2

max =36.38 N /mm2 <66

all =

all
2

N / mm

2
= 122/2= 66 N / mm

2
( b c )
+ 2
2
max =
0.7436.36
2
= +0 .8522
2
max =35.63 N /mm2 < 66 N/mm2
Safety for break drum
max < all
max < all

3) Design a ball bearing type hook black for 5 tonne load. The working tensile
stress in the shank may be assumed to be 4000 N/cm2.
Solution:
C X W
from 3.75 to 7.5.

: where W design load in tonnes, and x=a constant varying

For 5 tonnes hook

C 3.75

5=3.75 2.236

8.385 cm , say 8.4 cm

84 mm

The relation between C and d for the recommended standard section is,
d 3.125 . W +0.1 C
d ( 3.125 2.236 ) +0.1 8.4
7.8275, say 7.8 cm.=78 mm .
This value of d will be at the horizontal and vertical centre of the hook.
Let d1 dia. Of shank at the bottom of the threads
Then, 0.7854

d1

4000=50000

d1

50000
=16
or
0.7854 4000

d 1=4 cm=40 mm

The hook load will be carried by the ball thrust bearing through a round nut screwed on to
the end of the shank.
Full diameter of the shank

Breadth at intrados
Radius of intrados curve
Bed diameter
Corner radius

40
=48 mm , say 50 mm
0.84

0.65 78 50.8, say 51 mm

0.75 78=58 mm
84 mm

78
=10 mm , say .
8

Bearing area of one thread Area of 50 mm dia. Area of 42 dia.

 19.6355.781 sq cm.
Let pitch of thread be 0.55 cm
Bearing area in one length of the nut

5.781

1
=10.4
0.55

sq cm

Actual bearing pressure

50000
=960
N/sq cm.
5 10.4

4) A central horizontal section of hook is a symmetrical trapezium 60 mm deep, the

inner width is 60 mm, extreme and outer width is 30 mm. estimate the extreme
intensities of stresses when the hook carries a load of 20 KN. The load line pass at 40
mm from the inside edge of the section and the centre of curvature lies in the load
line.
Solution:
Given data:
h 60 mm
bi=

60 mm

bo =

30 mm
3

p 20 10

1. Cross-sectional area (A):

A

( b +b2 ) h
i

60
( 60+30
2 )

A 2700 mm2
c x p

( =18 assume)

c 18 20
c 80 mm
2.

Inner and outer radius :

Ri=0.5 C=0.5 80
Ro=0.5C +h=0.5 80+60
100 mm

3.

Radius of material axis ( RN ) :

b +b
h
(
2 )
R =
b R b R
R
log
e
( h ) ( R )( b b )
i

30
60+ ) 60
(
2

40
100
log e (
( 6030 )
( 60 10030
)
60
40 )
RN =62.35 mm

4.

Radius of centroidal axis ( Ra ) :

Ra=R i+

h ( b i+2b o )
3 ( bi +b o )

 40+

60 ( 60+60 )
3 ( 60+30 )

RG =66.67 mm
5.

Distance between centroidal axis and neutral axis :

RGR N

66.6762.35

e 4.32 mm
6.

Resultant stress at inner surface ( 1 ) :

i=

P Mh i
+
A A e Ri

M PR N
hi=R N R1
ho =ROR N

3
20 10 3 ( 20 10 62.35 ) ( 22.35 )
+
2700
2700 4.32 40

i=67.14 N/mm2
7.

Resultant shear stress at outer surface (

o=

P Mho

A A e Ro

3
20 10 3 ( 20 10 62.35 ) ( 37.65 )

2700
2700 4.32 100

o =32.8336 N/mm2

):