Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

Hawassa University

Example 1: A pre-stressed concrete beam with a parabolic tendon as shown

below is subjected to a uniformly distributed load including self weight of
45KN/m and to an effective pre-stressing force of 1120KN. Compute and
draw the extreme top and bottom fiber concrete stresses at the mid span
using the three analysis concepts.

300mm
8m
Solution:
x-section properties:
area of the x-section
A=2100390+100720=150000 mm

center of gravity (elastic neutral axis)

since the x-section is symmetrical, the center of gravity or elastic neutral
axis is at mid depth that is ytop = ybottom =460mm.
Second moment of area about the neutral axis
I =2 I 1 + I 2 =2

3901003
1007203
+3901004102 +
=1.631010 mm4
12
12

Eccentricity of the Tendons

e=460300=160 mm

Maximum span moment

max . span moment ( M sd )=

w l 2 4582
=
=360 KNm
8
8

a) stress concept
top fiber stress:
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Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

Hawassa University

f t=

P M y t Pe yt
+

A
I
I

f t=

1120103 360106460 1120103160460

2
+

=12.57 m m (compression)
10
10
150000
1.6310
1.6310

bottom fiber stress:

f b=

P M y b Pe y b

+
A
I
I

f b=

1120103 360106460 1120103160460

2

+
=2.36 m m (compression)
10
10
150000
1.6310
1.6310

b) strength(internal couple) concept

from equilibrium of horizontal forces C=P=1120KN
from equilibrium of moments M=C*z, where z= e+ec
6

z=e +e c =

M 36010
=
=321.43 mm
C 1120103

implies e c =ze=321.43160=161.43 mm

top fiber stress:

f t=

3
3
C C ec y t 112010 112010 161.43460
+
=
+
=12.57 mm2 (compression)
10
A
I
150000
1.6310

Bottom fiber stress:

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Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

f b=

Hawassa University

C C e c y b 1120103 1120103161.43460
2

=2.36 m m (compression)
10
A
I
150000
1.6310

c) load balancing concept

for parabolic tendon profile the balancing load wb is given by
w b=

8 Pe 811200.16
=
=22.4 KN /m
l2
82

net load (un balancedload)=ww b=4522.4=22.6 KN /m

net moment M net=

(wwb ) l 2 22.682
=
=180.8 KNm
8
8

top fiber stress:

P M y 112010 180.810 460
f t= + net t =
+
=12.57 m m2( compression)
10
A
I
150000
1.6310
3

bottom fiber stress:

P M net y b 1120103 180.8106460
2
f b=
=

=2.36 mm (compression)
10
A
I
150000
1.6310
ft=12.57N/mm2

fb=2.36N/mm2

Example 2: The Tendons of a pre-tensioned concrete beam shown below is

stretched by a pre-stress force of 1200KN and is reduced to 1150 KN
immediately after transfer. The beam carries a concentrated LL of 50KN at
mid span in addition to self weight. If this beam is constructed from concrete
C-40 and Tendons with fpk =1600Mpa class I works, check the safety of the
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Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

Hawassa University

concrete extreme fiber stresses at mid span and determine the area of
tendons required. Assume that the characteristic compressive strength of
concrete at time of transfer is 30.2Mpa.

300mm
960mm
e =120mm

Solution:
section properties: 12m
area of the x-section
A=300960=288000 mm

center of gravity (elastic neutral axis)

since the x-section is symmetrical, the center of gravity or elastic neutral
axis is at mid depth that is ytop = ybottom =480mm.
Second moment of area about the neutral axis
3

I=

300960
=2.2121010 m m4
12

eccentricity of the Tendons

e=120 mm
pre-stressing force

at transfer
Pi=1150 KN

at working time (after all losses)

Pe =0.781200=936 KN

(pre-stress loss =22% for pre tensioning)

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Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

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Maximum span moment

self weight w = 0.3*0.96*25=7.2KN/m

at transfer

max . span moment ( M sd )=

w l 2 7.2122
=
=129.6 KNm
8
8

at working loads (service time)

w DL l2 Fl 7.2122 5012
max . span moment ( M sd =M DL + M ) =
+ =
+
=279.6 KNm
8
4
8
4
Permissible stresses:
concrete:

at transfer
f ck =30.2 Mpa
f ctk =0.21 f ck 2/3 =0.2130.22 /3 =2.04 Mpa
f ct allwable =0.5 f ck=0.530.2=15.1 Mpa
f tt allwable=f ctk =2.04 Mpa

at working loads
f ck =0.840=32 Mpa
f ctk =0.21 f ck 2/3 =0.21322 /3 =2.12 Mpa
f cw allwable=0.5 f ck =0.532=16 Mpa
f twallwable =f ctk =2.12 Mpa

Steel(tendons):
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Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

Hawassa University

during tensioning
f p ,max =0.8 f pk =0.81600=1280 Mpa

at transfer
f p ,max =0.75 f pk =0.751600=1200 Mpa
after all loses (at working loads)
f p ,max =0.6 f pk =0.61600=960 Mpa

calculate and check the top and bottom fiber concrete stress
at transfer
top fiber stress
Pi M DL y t Pi e y t 1150103 129.6106480 1150103120480
2
f t= +

=
+

=3.81 N /m m < f ct =15.1 N

10
10
A
I
I
288000
2.21210
2.21210

bottom fiber stress

P M y P e y 1150103 129.6106480 1150103120480
f b= i DL b + i b =

+
=0.19 N / mm2 < f ct =15.1
10
10
A
I
I
288000
2.21210
2.21210

after all losses (at working loads)

top fiber stress
+ M
M DL y

P
f tw= e +
A
bottom fiber stress
+M
M DL y

P
f bw = e
A

calculate the amount of tendons required

during tensioning

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Dept. of Civil & Urban Eng., iOTec-HU.

Hawassa University

P
P
1200103
2
f p ,max =1280 Mpa implies A s
=
=937.5 mm
As
f
1280

p ,max

at transfer
Pi
Pi
1150103
f
=1200 Mpa implies A s
=
=958.33 m m2
A s p ,max
f p ,max
1200

after all loses (at working loads)

3
Pe
Pe
93610
f p ,max =960 Mpa implies A s
=
=975 mm2
As
f p ,max
960

therefore required area of tendons A s=975 mm2

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Chapter 4 Examples
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