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Electronic Instrumentation
Electronic Instrumentation
Chapter 3
Noise and Interference in
Instrumentation Systems
Electronic Instrumentation
Introduction
Origin of Noise in Circuits
Noise Models for Amplifiers.
Examples of Calculation of the Noise Limited
Resolution in Signal Conditioning Circuits
Interference. Sources of Coherent interference.
Minimization of Interference Effects.
Groud Loops
Summary
Pablo Acedo / Jose A. Garca Souto
Electronic Instrumentation
Introduction
Both noise and interference, though of different origin,
provide a major limitation to the precision of measurements
and the detectability/resolution
The different origins for electronic noise and coherent
interference leads to different approximations when trying to
reduce their effects.
IMPORTANT: Although systematization of the noise and
coherent interference influence is available (and a brief
discussion follows), in real systems experience of the
designers is critical, as sometimes it is impossible to take into
account all sources of error/interference in the design.
Electronic Instrumentation
Electronic Instrumentation
Electronic Instrumentation
Electronic Instrumentation
Electronic Instrumentation
Electronic Instrumentation
Signal power:
Noise power:
Electronic Instrumentation
Example:
Rf= 100 k
R1= 1 k
4KT= 1.66 10-20 W/Hz
Vna =10 nV/Hz
BW=200 kHz
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Electronic Instrumentation
Signal power:
Noise power:
Example:
RF = 1010
ina =0.2 fA/Hz
4KT= 1.66 10-20 W/Hz
q= 1.6 10-19 C
vna =35 nV/Hz
BW=2 Hz
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Electronic Instrumentation
Interference. Sources
Interference: Coherent signals from other systems (and
sometimes the circuit itself) that enters our system.
Although from coherent origin, and thus narrowband,
they are better treated as random signals/errors.
In opposition to noise, interference are external signals.
For this reason, the best way to minimize its effects is to
identified the interference paths to our circuit/systems.
We can identify four major paths for interference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Right
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Electronic Instrumentation
Digital I
Digital II
Motors,
Relays,
Hardware
Ground
Power
Supply
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Electronic Instrumentation
Summary
Both noise and interference, though of different origin,
provide a major limitation to the precision of measurements
and the detectability/resolution.
We have presented the main sources of noise in signal
conditioning circuits and examples of its treatment in order to
obtain the noise-limited resolution of the measurement
circuits.
Main paths for interference signals have also been identified
and some guidance to minimize interference effects
presented. Due to their importance, ground loops have been
treated separately.
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