Professional Documents
Culture Documents
B~Purnenemulsruns
TRO-47. Pretoria, 1994
ows In maintenance,
ation ( @ . grecyclin
tut-e, behaviour, te
intenance, re
1.,1
Background
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2,
"
2.1
General
22
Emulsion ~ngiedienls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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ulsions
2
2.
ing a n d curing
25
asic properiles of e
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haviskar of ernuls~ons .
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S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ion
CI
3.9
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2
Storage
3.3
General liandltng
3
35
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pplicalions
Safety
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eci
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43
4 4
emuis~ons
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23
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lsion selection
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38
38
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38
38
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"
39
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and emwls~sn .
.3
ConsPmctlon . .
ints .
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39
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40
9-
9.1
General
9.3 @onstruction
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@onstiarn$s .
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- .
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41
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44
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42
Singleseals
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43
Doubieseals
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45
Conventional slurry . .
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Background
1 2 . 2 Patch repair
1 2 . 3 Pothole repair
Crack l ~ l l e r
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126
Finegiadedsiurry
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"f 2
s u r f a c e treatment
42 8
Dust pailiatrve
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12.
12.4
"
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.
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eseai
12.1
~ ~ e . . . . . . 8 0 ~ . . . . . . e . . . ~ . . a . . . 42
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rnulsian s a ~ f f a e 2t r e a t r ~~~ 7
General
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65
ace treatments
rtumen emulsions
70
3 1
32
33
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S specilicatlo
S speciflcations for
43
4
lsicsns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
cationic emulstons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
er)
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Setectmn of t h e
(rnodhcation or
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81
18 1
10 2
:0 3 R e s ~ d u a lbinder
10 4
. . . . .
emulsions (homogenous
51
rs)
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propellie
gregate gradin
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12 3
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r variou
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$8
ilturnen emulsions
n emulsion can
n-ionic emulsion
basic components,
water;
64
flux~ngagents (optional)
anisnlc emulsrfi
catlonrc: emulsifiers; or
non-ionic emcltsilrefs (
g. prime coats).
en emulsions
,
Pretoria, 199
c t ~ v ~ character~stlcs
ty
Cafmr~icern ulsions:
~lablein Sou
the speclficalions
(Specificatio
e referred to for
2.
rtunwrr emulsions
H7, Pretoria, 19
he composition o
omance, inclu
redients of emulsions
IS
t of ernuls~onsand ca
e s 60 Is '70per cent
d calcium ions
hich are insol
en emulsion (antoni
of the functional gro
and anionic groups a
in has an a
ereas the ionic
ot to bitumen.
e surface of th
Bitumen emulsions
her equipment I
for both the biturn
p u m p s , control valv
t h e ernuls~fiedwater.
itumen emulsions
W7, Pretoria, 199
ter
e,
ISPERSING PHASE
S,although S
in normal u
B~turnenemulsions
TRW7, Pretoria, 199
te of curing is a
en the emuls~o
ion of cernentitiou
tract~onforces.
ion
Adhesion reflects
materials, such a
Pion W
I)
6a
In th
I ? the
~
nce of electropositive m
In t h e presence of electrone
there is no r
tionic) nature of s
ggregates an
Stokes' L a w .
g or storage of emulsions
e emulsion to be idnsul
irnple rules will save
63
t higher temperatur
t3
means of pumps.
eS1
rosene or oil o
ould be provi
of emulsion ar
When emulsions ar
or reduce s k m foarnat~on
ntly to eliminat
ff
eS
(L
44
&B
@a
oper clearances
urnps can cause
cb
of tanks.
e4
(B
db
in truck haulers
sates
grades of emulsions
slow-setting giade
E ~ U I S I O should
~ I S not be r e c i r c ~ ~ l a t efor
d [on
ach c o d d ren
@
rude oil
: Flush out
SW
scussed in T R H ~ 'an
~ ' their constructton is
ions. However, aspec considered to
ion
r application rates
conversion factors pr
iven in Table 3.
ions for
rtumen emulsions
variations rn th
edormance o
re9
applied as follo
is carried out in a
mulsion Mixes (G
ng or mixing the e
material:
S
Brr
t h e n mixed r
Bitumen emulsions
W 7 , Pretoria, 11 99
e
B
ling of emulsion an
use of oil insoluble
wever, it is stressed
m ~ aon
l safety"',
If emuisron is inyeste
kept cairn and a doclor should be c a l k
not be made P:
e3
itumen 'emulsions
ii
during shipment.
iscometer. In this
ugh a standard orifi
of emulsion is pour
unt of bitumen in the
sieve is deternined.
ulsion should be so small that vi
quantity of ernulsio
cement. In the case of spr
oat the chips. In the case o
lsion should not break
ample of emulsion is pl
fter the centrifuge has
to its original quality.
of the jar) should occur.
resistance test:
rnulsions is evaluated.
TRW7, Pretoria, 1
Grade
p
-
Property
Stable
rni x
6 09'0
5 1-200
50
(rnax)
inder content,
(m/m)
OO
/
STM D2
6 5 -68
60-63
STM D244
5 rnax
n~l
0,25
0,25
( d m )of binder
ssidue on sieving,
ore
Pos
Pos
ure
1,o
zathode after 30 min, g
n~l
n~l
zomplets rotations
2,c
Soagulation value, %
$dm) :
Silica flour, max
itumen from an
@?
a standard n
ia
same as those described in sect~on
io
r content, %, (min).
se described rn section 4 . 3 3 In
means of a ductitorneter The
rope
iven tn t h e Sabita
s d material satisfies
ual'"', these mixes a
engineering properties.
e behaviour of
-component sy
re multi-cornpone
ired) lime or c
MS is mors CO
rns comprising
ystems contain
tructed in South
lastic materials
Bitumen emulsion
both initial an
curing.
@
Bitumen emulsions
TRH7, Pretoria, 1994.
MS, unrestricted t
. Provision should
) . The length of this
of cement, type of ag
n case of srtabiilse
to prevent tr
rd materials in
n approach) may b
of aggregates (of di
calsicn, lime and cerne
itumen emulsions
itumen emulsions
any detrimental c
of membrane to pr
cing.
sodace or concrete
emulsion shoul
ich emulsion may h
emulsion before the asphalt i
riods of cold of
air temperat
itumen emulsions
umew content
Bitumen emu!sions
7 , Pretoria, 1994.
prior to the ap
6s
ours should ap
of emulsions,
se should be cons1
unless the moistu
less than 50 per cen
B~tumenemulsions
ri
ates should conform to t
relaxation rn fines an
gates. The mate
should not be pr
characteristics of
ulsions
with absorptive a
-modified emulsions pe
rtumen
FM?, P
or 13,2 mm a
r the slurry sho
tandard Specif
slurry should contain a Portland cement active filler
71
or an approved alternative.
ith
for
ion
Construction of C
B~tumenernulsrons
TRH7, Pretoria, 199
r of slurry shoul
s is discussed in TR
machine shoul
brooming.
s should be included
reference to joints a
Q
B
B
0
slurries can to
and also und
slurries can be u
slurries can be placed on the
er is normally capable of ca
ictated by the sp
cement confor
supplier.)
has been laid, the residual binder should have ih
slurries shou
In additron, t
be capable of
iturnen emulsions
in
recommended to assess t
bility test and visual assessm
ion or
~turnenemulsions
rninous surfacing.
xcavation should be
stone material should
small concrete mixer. Then the backfill
in thin layers; no
rum rollers or no more than 60 mm for pla
n used to control th
$a
nt, anionic or
s should b e cleaned by
itumen emulsions
TRH7, Pretoria, 1994
ce is dampened prior to a
sion to flow around the ag
due to an absenc
ue to excess voids.
itumen emulsions
slurries shoul
The guidelines
Brtumen emulsions
TRti?, Pretoria,
O F @ than
ction 10 apply
3 months.
ears t h e emphasis
g existing paverne
slab1
a wit
c
iS
benefits:
ce of t h e sod they ca
rates a s the
Authorities. 1987.
epartrnent of Tran
ureau of Standards.
rch. 1985.
-
~turnensmulsions
phase
arshall testinn at 23 Rr
fluid content (
itumen emulsions