Chapter 1

Introduction:
A strong sense of deprivation and urge for freedom emerged in the
colonialized societies during colonial era. Like many other countries Pakistan
appeared on the map of the world as the colonialism collapsed due to the
two lethal world wars. Pakistan had to face all those challenges which other
newly born states faced. One of the most important task for Pakistan was to
design a well-defined foreign policy and to introduce itself as a mature
sovereign state at international level.
Pakistan has a traditional society which is full of several kinds of
inequalities and various kinds of prejudices and discriminations based on caste,
creed, race, tribe, sex, wealth, language, etc. So in these circumstances Pakistani
nationalism is the only ideology of the Pakistani nation. Its ideals and principles are
love and devotion to Pakistan as a country and as a nation. Pakistani patriotism
inspires all Pakistanis, regardless of any discrimination to defend Pakistan against all
challenges to its unity, solidarity and integrity. The of Pakistani nationalism were
proclaimed by Quaid-e-Azam in his speech at Dhaka on 21 March, 1948, in which he
said:
You belong to a Nation now, you have now carved out a territory, vast
territory, it is all yours; it does not belong to a Punjabi, or a Sindhi, or a
Pathan, or a Balochi . It is yours. (Ahmed ,. J.-u.-d., 1960)

Since Pakistans establishment as a separate state in 1947, Pakistanis have

been struggling with the meaning of their identity. During the latter half of the
1970s, Islam reemerged dramatically in Pakistani politics as lynchpin of that
identity. The ideology was a crucial tool used by General Zia to legitimize his martial
law regime after sacking the government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1977. During Zias
rule the Islamization took deep roots in society and politics. This Islamic vision was
on based on Sunni interpretations of Islamic theology and law. The sets of these
Islamisation was unacceptable to Shia minority in Pakistan, according their views
Zias Islamisation is threat to their social status in Pakistans society. This conflict
between Shia and Sunni plunge the whole nation on large scale (Javaid, 2013).
Pakistans geographic situation, strategic condition and resourcefulness have
always attracted super powers towards it. These factors are advantageous as well
as disadvantageous for it at the same time.

Afghan War a joint endeavor of USA and Pakistan- - With just a couple of
minor times of dispose of, Washington and Islamabad were Strategic Partners
all through the cool war. Be that as it may, Pakistan advanced from a minimal
USA accomplice to a crucial U.S associate in December 1979, when the
Soviet Union included in Afghanistan. (Sultana, & Alqama, 2012).
Because of Gen Zias policy on Afghan War, Pakistan ultimately ended up in
creating a tenacious Jihadist mindset, which has still kept Pakistani society
in distress and enigmatic situation. Pakistan supported Taliban along with US
in order to cope with USSR. Pak Army helped those Jihadists strategically
and physically too. Being an ally of those Taliban in Afghan War, Pakistan had
to host millions of Afghan migrants. Jihadists and Pakistan both were at the
same table, then out of a sudden an incident happened which hap hazarded
everything (Cohen, 2011)

The modern Jihadist mindset is deeply rooted in the war against USSR in
Afghanistan. The President of Pakistan, Gen Zia had planned very well to
assist US and Saudi Arabia in this war. Zia was scared that Pakistan could be
in great trouble having surrounded by two of Soviet influenced states,
Afghanistan and India. Pakistans intelligence agencies were the main
executive of this war.

M. Yousef, ISIs supervisor in Afghanistan in 1980s

elaborated ISIs role in Afghan war. He also said that USA shunned Pakistan
after the war got over and imposed economic sanctions upon it and left it
alone to deal with the consequences (Jihadist mindset, Taliban) all by itself.
(Yousef, & Adkin, 1992).
In the stir of 9/11, terrorism was considered a primary concern
worldwide. Post 9/11 era presents a devastative picture of Pakistans internal
security. (Malik, 2005).
Towards 9/11 Pakistan was considering a failed state, however, after 9/11
Pakistan got a status of main state in Asia. America initiated a war on terror against
terrorism, this war proved very harmful for Pakistan. This war created several
problems for Pakistan inclusive of economic, social and military. It is facing multiple
social issues such as militancy, terrorism, heavy burden on economy, drone attacks,
sectarianism, radicalization if society, terrorized society and Extremism (Ali, 2010).
Muslims of the subcontinent struggled and offered great sacrifices for the creation
of Pakistan where they could live together and freely practice the values of Islam.
This is the essence of the ideology of Pakistan.

No doubt the people of Muslim

majority areas had delivers regional languages and social traditions but they were
all one for Pakistan by virtues of the overwhelming common bond of Muslim
brotherhood. We must not forget that the ideology of Pakistan was not a temporal
reality; it is the continuity (Hashmi, 2014).

In terrorist assaults a large number of individuals have lost their lives and
numerous

more

harmed.

The

circumstance

is

appalling

everywhere

throughout the nation however in FATA and KPK endured due the ascent in
savagery. In this frightful situation Pakistan needs participation and solidarity
inside of the country. By and large the security state of Pakistan is
intensifying step by step and there is have to embrace measures to take care
of these issues. The Bush organization upheld Pakistani armed force
monetarily to incite an operation in the tribal zones to handle with the rising
threat of terrorism. It has shaken the security of Pakistan and raised the
security challenges. Being an accomplice in the war against terrorism
Pakistan was dragged to battle a war against phantom powers that imperiled
the national security of Pakistan. Today the security Pakistan is in a problem
in light of a considerable rundown of security issue. (Rahman, 2011).
As the drone attacks grew in number so did the suicide bombing in
Pakistan which accelerated public agitation. These drones are more
murderous for civilians rather than the extremists. This has increased strain
between Pakistan and USA. Another terrifying consequence is that Pakistan
could not get full confidence from American government and public despite
of such great sacrifices. (Afzal, & Iqbal, & Anaya, 2012).
The meager security conditions reduced Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
in Pakistan. It costed to Pakistan billions of dollars loss. Export, Industrial and
Agrarian productions were also badly affected. (Rahman, 2011).
The WOT brought various hostile Uzbeks, Tajiks, Uyghurs, and Chechens
extremists in Pakistan, who with alliance of local and Afghan Taliban caused a
serious damage to Pakistans internal security. (Yousufzai, 2011).
Pakistan had to suffer in multidimensional ways after its foreign policy
shift in Post 9/11 era. Apart from economic, physical and military losses,
complexities in international relations; 9/11 put Pakistani public in a constant

state of mental insecurity. It damaged the social and cultural activities,

tourism and the confidence of Pakistanis as a nation.