AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

A
Minor Project
Submitted
In partial fulfilment for the award of the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology
In Department of Mechanical Engineering

Supervisor:

Submitted By:

Mr. Anil Mahawar

Manish Vashisth (13EIAEE..)

(Head in Mechanical Deptt.)

Rahul Jatav
Twinkal Meena
Rohit Jangid
Ashutosh Jarewal
Lokesh Saini
Manoj Meena
Jagdish Kumar

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alwar

Rajasthan Technical University, Kota.
December, 2016

GROUPS DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the Minor Project,
entitled AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM inpartial fulfillment for the
award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Department of Mechanical Engineering
and submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in the Institute of
Engineering and Technology, M.I.A, Alwar, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota is a
record of our own investigations carried under the Guidance of Mr. Anil Mahwar,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alwar.
We have not submitted the matter presented in this dissertation anywhere for the award of
any other Degree.

MANISH VASHISTH
RAHUL JATAV
TWINKAL MEENA
ROHIT JANGID
ASHUTOSH JAREWAL
LOKESH SAINI
MANOJ MEENA
JAGDISH KUMAR

Counter Signed by:

(MR. ANIL MAHAWAR)

H.O.D., Department of Mechanical Engineering
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alwar (Rajasthan).

ACKNOWLDGEMENT
We extend our deepest sense of gratitude to our Mechanical engineering faculties of I.E.T,
Alwar for giving us an opportunity to work with team members and for their support and
guidance. We also owe a great thanks to Mr. Anil Mahawar (H.O.D. M.E. Deptt.) for
their insights and clarity of thought, critical comments and fruitful suggestions which
helped us lot in completing our work.
We are deeply obliged to Dr. V.K. Agarwal (Chairman) and Dr.ManjuAgarwal (Executive
Director) of I.E.T Group of Institutions for their kind and gentle disposition and support.
We are amazed by their ability to provide and over reaching vision to various research
areas.

We would also like to thank Dr. Anil Kumar Sharma (Principal, I.E.T, Alwar) for his moral
support and encouragement during all negative and positive phase of our mental state
during the work period.
Finally, we are also thankful to all those who have helped us directly or indirectly.

MANISH VASHISTH
RAHUL JATAV
TWINKAL MEENA
ROHIT JANGID
ASHUTOSH JAREWAL
LOKESH SAINI
MANOJ MEENA
JAGDISH KUMAR

CONTENTS
Description

Page No.

Groups Declaration

ii

Acknowledgement

iii

Contents

iv-vii

List of Figures

viii

List of Tables

ix

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................1
1.1 The Scenario.........................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement................................................................................................1
Chapter 2 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE....................................................................3
Chapter 3 RESEARCH............................................................................................4
3.1 Sources of Information..........................................................................................4
3.2 Required Input Data..............................................................................................4
3.3 Design Approaches................................................................................................4
3.4 Expected Results...................................................................................................6
Chapter 4 EXPERIMENTATION...........................................................................8
4.1 Objective and Method...........................................................................................8
4.2 Results and Analysis..............................................................................................8
Chapter 5 FINAL DESIGN......................................................................................11
5.1 Approach...............................................................................................................11
5.2 Geotextile..............................................................................................................12
5.2.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................12
5.2.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................12
5.2.3 Description.........................................................................................................13
5.2.4 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................14
5.3 Probe.....................................................................................................................15
4

5.3.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................15
5.3.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................15
5.3.3 Description.........................................................................................................15
5.3.4 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................17
5.4 Probe Driver..........................................................................................................19
5.4.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................19
5.4.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................19
5.4.3 Description.........................................................................................................20
5.4.4 Simulation..........................................................................................................22
5.4.5 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................23
5.5 Comparator Circuit................................................................................................23
5.5.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................23
5.5.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................23
5.5.3 Description.........................................................................................................24
5.5.4 Simulation..........................................................................................................25
5.5.5 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................25
5.6 Clock Circuit.........................................................................................................26
5.6.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................26
5.6.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................26
5.6.3 Description.........................................................................................................26
5.6.4 Simulation..........................................................................................................27
5.6.5 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................27
5.7 Logic Circuit.........................................................................................................28
5.7.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................28
5.7.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................28
5.7.3 Description.........................................................................................................28
5.7.4 Simulation..........................................................................................................29
5.7.5 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................30
5

5.8 Valve and Pipes.....................................................................................................30

5.8.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................30
5.8.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................30
5.8.3 Description.........................................................................................................30
5.8.4 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................31
5.9 Valve Driver..........................................................................................................32
5.9.1 Purpose..............................................................................................................32
5.9.2 Requirements and Constraints............................................................................32
5.9.3 Description.........................................................................................................32
5.9.4 Assembly and Testing.........................................................................................33
Chapter 6 DISCUSSION..........................................................................................35
6.1 Critical Analysis....................................................................................................35
6.2 Possible Future Improvements...............................................................................36
Chapter 7 CONCLUSION........................................................................................38
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................39

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. No.

Fig. Name

Page No.

Figure 3.1 Constant open-loop control

Figure 3.2 Open loop on/off

Figure 3.3 Two-level feedback control

Figure 4.1 Experimental soil humidity levels and water quantities given vs. time

Figure 5.1 Full system block diagram

11

Figure 5.2 Plant setup on geotextile and watering process. (1) Irrigation. (2) Absorption. (3)
Distribution. (4) Uptake. [10]

13

Figure 5.3 Cross-section of the Aquamat sheet [10]

13

Figure 5.4 Irrometer Watermark [6]

16

Figure 5.5 Relative moisture vs. soil tension for several types of soil [7]

17

Figure 5.6 Model fitting for the Watermark calibration relationship, adapted from [1]

19

Figure 5.7 Probe Driver schematic

21

Figure 5.8 Probe Driver simulation results

22

Figure 5.9 Comparator Circuit Schematic

24

Figure 5.10 Comparator Circuit simulation results

25

Figure 5.11 Clock Circuit schematic

27

Figure 5.12 Logic Circuit functional diagram

29

Figure 5.13 A24 solenoid valve

31

Figure 5.14 Valve Driver schematic

33

Figure 5.15 Setup for valve impedance measurement

33

LIST OF TABLES
Table No.

Table Name

Page No.

Table 5.1 Production time and water used by different irrigation methods [10]

14