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Appeared in: AC2011, 14th International Conference on active systems for dynamics markets, Darmstadt, Germany, 0708 septembre
2011,pp.124-131
1. Introduction
The beam structures containing piezoelectric
materials are used in many applications such as
alignment of optical fibers [1], piezoelectric miniature robots [2], deformable mirror [3], micropumps [4], valves [5], ultrasonic motors [6] and
vibration suppression [7]. To optimize these systems and to explore new applications, their numerical modeling is required. The aim of our
study is to develop a finite element model to
modulate a beam structure with non-collocated
piezoelectric patches bonded on its surface where
it is few studied in literature compared to collocated piezoelectric patches bonded on a beam
structure [8-13] and then to use this model for
vibration damping. Vibration damping using
piezoelectric elements is also very investigated in
literature [14-20]. Passive vibration damping
using RL shunt circuit is chosen to study in this
paper. The system studied consists in an aluminum cantilever beam actuated by a PZT patch,
whose flexural vibration is transmitted to a noncollocated PZT sensor, which is connected to a
series or parallel RL shunt circuits for damping
the vibration (fig.1). The main point of our paper
is to develop a finite element model for a beam
structure with two non-collocated piezoelectric
patches bonded on it and to incorporate the elec-
Figure 1: Geometric parameters of the beam with noncollocated PZT actuator/sensor and RL shunt circuits bonded
to sensor face
between two boundaries, we can obtain the optimal values of R and L in series and parallel
connections. Performance comparison between
series and parallel RL circuits for vibration suppression is made after obtaining the RL optimal
circuit. At the end of this study, conclusion and
perspectives are presented.
2. Constitutive equations
The assumption of linear elastic constitutive equation of materials allows us writing the stress ten2
3. Model hypothesis
We define a displacement field vector by the
displacement of a point M(x,y,z) of the system to
M at instant t.
MM(x,y,z,t) = {u} =
(3)
Where
is the transverse displacement of
can be calcuthe neutral axis of the system .
lated by setting to zero the sum of all forces in xdirection over the entire cross-section [21], here
is computed from the bottom of the system
according to the coordinate system taken in figure
1:
+b
(4)
(5)
Where
and
are referred to as stresses induced in the piezoelectric and aluminium layers
in x-direction. According to uniaxial stress assumption, we can write
= cm
= cp
- ep
= ep
,
+(
] = cp =
Where [
(6)
is the pie-
where
is the electrical
(7)
= 0 (8)
Upon simplifying, the neutral axis zn can be obtained as shown in equation (9) at the end of the
paper.
4. Variational equation
Hamilton principle is the most widely used one
for dynamic structures [7]. All variations at each
known instant are zero.
dt=0
{u} =
=0
(10)
PZT
Poisons ratio
Volume density
(Kg.m3)
= 7900
Aluminum
cm = 69
= 0.33
= 2700
Relative permittivity
= 1282.1
Piezoelectric constant
(m.V-1)
d31 = - 1.3e-10
= 1.3e-11
Elastic compliances
(Pa-1)
Length
width
thickness
(mm3)
32 17 0.27
109
180 17 0.5
J=
(11)
{ }
{ })dV
}dV + tp{E}Q
(13)
Where { u} =
(15)
(16)
}=
6. RL shunt circuits
At this point a finite element model of the system
is determined. We consider know that the piezoelectric patch number two (p2) is connected to an
electrical RL shunt circuit as shown in figure 1.
Then, we can write
(12)
And finally, the virtual work of external mechanical and electrical forces is equal to
=
(25)
(26)
(28)
Where is the resonance frequency and
is the
electrical capacitance of the PZT sensor and can
be calculated using table 2.
(nF)
Simulation
Formula
20
22
Figure 3: Optimal inductance in H at fixed R value for parallel and series connections.
(29)
optimal RL shunt circuit in both series and parallel connections. The vibration suppression performance is evaluated based on amplitude of the
displacement. The best performance is obtained
for minimal displacement. According to figure 7,
the optimal RL parallel shunt circuit shows a
performance slightly better than the RL series
shunt circuit.
7. Conclusion
{ }-
[e]t{E} +
{ }+
[e]{ } +
[ ]{E}+
{ })dV +
tp{ E}Q = 0
(14)
+
btp
btp
- tp
- tp
- { u}{ } = 0
(17)
Where
=
=
+
+
=b
)3 +
(18)
w+( cp+
cm)
(19)
(20)
)3]
)2 - (
dz =b [(
(21)
)2]
cm
)3 - (
dz =b [(
q=b
w+
dz =b [(
=b
(22)
(23)
(24)
(27)
References
[1] A. Tuominen, J. Lappalainen , J. Hiltunen ,J.
Ollila and V. Lantto, Piezoelectric thin-film
unimorph actuator for optical fibre alignment
applications, Journal of optics a: pure and applied optics 8, 2006.
ling of piezoelectric composite plates, International journal of solids and vibrations 41, pp. 745764, 2004.
[11] V. V. Varadan, closed loop finite element
modelling of active/passive damping in structural
vibration control, Journal of smart materials and
structures 5, pp. 685-694, 1996.
[18] J. Becker, O. Fein, M. Maess, L. Gaul, Finite element-based analysis of shunted piezoelectric structures for vibration damping, Computers
and structures 84, pp. 2340-2350, 2006.
[10] S.Y. Wang, S.T. Quek, K.K. Ang, Dynamic stability analysis of finite element model-