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How to do Research
Research is all about addressing an issue or asking and
answering a question or solving a problem, so
Identify an issue, question, or problem.
Find out what's already known about it.
Talk with people who want or need your study.
Talk with experts and/or read their reviews and the original
research on the topic.
This slide show is about different types of research you can do.
Examples
sample
In a case study
In a study of a sample
You are interested in "what happens in general".
Rarely, the "what" is simply the frequency, mean value or other
simple statistic of something in the sample.
Most often, the "what" is an effect: the relationship between the
thing of interest (a dependent variable, such as health,
performance) and something else (a predictor variable, such as
training, gender, diet) in the sample.
The relationship is expressed as the value of an outcome or
effect statistic, such as a correlation coefficient, or a difference
or change in the mean value or frequency of something.
When other predictor variables can affect a dependent variable,
the researcher should control for them, either by holding them
constant or measuring them and including them in the analysis.
Example: the effect of physical activity and age on health.
A control group in an intervention is something else again.
interventionist
qualitative
post-structuralist
subjective
interpretivist
Post-structuralist
The researcher views people as subjects of discourses
(interrelated systems of unstable social meanings).
Although the subjectivity of research is emphasized, the
researchers attempt to achieve objectivity.
Post-structuralist papers are hard to understand.
Interpretivist
partisan
applied
psychosocial
case
qualitative
observational
subjective
partisan
applied
Some regions are less popular, but worth visiting. For example:
Action research is a subjective intervention with a case or sample.
Dealing with the problems of everyday life is an informal
kind of action research.
Some researchers identify the extreme subjects in a quantitative
survey, then interview them subjectively/qualitatively as cases.
Others do a qualitative pilot study of a few cases to identify a
problem and the appropriate measures for a larger quantitative
study of a sample.
In Conclusion
A given research project can be characterized by topic, scope,
mode, methods, ideology, politics and utility.
This dimensional view may help you sort out a good approach
to a specific project.
But it may omit important emergent properties of particular
approaches, such as the flexibility/serendipity of qualitative
methods.
I may have missed or mangled some dimensions.