Project Report

On

DTMF Based Robot Without using

Microcontroller
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by:
Sachin Semwal(01620902813)
Himanshu Gupta(00320902813)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

G. B. Pant Government Engineering College

New Delhi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank all the people without those help this training would not have been
completed. Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to Mr Padam
Singh who explained me everything about the project, my guide was extremely patient and
open to whatever question I had to make and in the process gently guide me whenever I
went wrong.
Then I would like to thank my parents without whom I can never learn from such a great
institution.
I would be failing in my duty if I do not express my gratitude to the almighty GOD.

PREFACE
Practical exposure in the field of DTMF is extremely important as it gives a close view of
the real electronic world issues. It helps to cover all parts that remained uncovered in the
classroom. It helps to gain experience. Just theoretical knowledge is not sufficient for the
success of any engineer student. So one should have practical knowledge about each
theory of life.
I learnt lot of new things from this Project, which could never have been learnt from
theory classes.
If any findings & recommendations go in any way to prove some new ground in helping
the commodity future sector, I shall deem my efforts have dully served the purpose. In the
forthcoming pages an attempt has been made to present report covering different aspects
of my project.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 DTMF based robot circuit principle
3 DTMF based robot circuit diagram
4 DTMF based robot circuit design
5 DTMF based robot circuit working
6 DTMF based robot applications
7 DTMF based robot limitations
8 Conclusion
9 Bibliography

INTRODUCTION
DTMF is the acronym for Dual tone modulation frequency. Robotic vehicle based on DTMF
technology is explained in this article. Here we use a circuit that operates the robot without
using a microcontroller. This circuit consists of simple ICs.
When a key is pressed from our mobile, it generates a tone combination of two frequencies
from our keypad. In the two frequencies, one is high frequency and another one is low
frequency. This frequency can be decoded by the decoder IC into binary sequence.
DTMF (Dual Tone Modulation frequency) is the signal to the phone company that you
generate when you press an ordinary telephones touch keys. In the United States or perhaps
everywhere it is known as touch tone phone (formerly a registered trademark of AT&T).
DTMF has generally replaced loop disconnect (pulse) dialing.
With DTMF, each key you press on your phone generates two tone of specific frequencies.
One tone is generated from a high frequency group and another from low frequency group. A
number of companies make microchip that send and receive DTMF signals. The telephone
application program interface (TAPI) provides a way for a program to detect DTMF digits.

In telecommunication, a caller needs to dial the number of the Receiver. The earlier versions
of telephones used to have rotary type dials which are now obsolete. Almost all the landline
and mobile phone handsets now use push button keypads.
DTMF is a signaling system for identifying the keys or better say the number dialed on a
pushbutton or DTMF keypad. The early telephone systems used pulse dialing or loop
disconnect signaling. This was replaced by multi frequency (MF) dialing. DTMF is a multifrequency tone dialing system used by the push button keypads in telephone and mobile sets
to convey the number or key dialed by the caller. DTMF has enabled the long distance
signaling of dialed numbers in voice frequency range over telephone lines. This has
eliminated the need of telecom operator between the caller and the collie and evolved
automated dialing in the telephone switching centers.

A DTMF keypad (generator or encoder) generates a sinusoidal tone which is mixture of the row and column
frequencies. The row frequencies are low group frequencies. The column frequencies belong to high group
frequencies. This prevents misinterpretation of the harmonics. Also the frequencies for DTMF are so chosen
that none have a harmonic relationship with the others and that mixing the frequencies would not produce
sum or product frequencies that could mimic another valid tone. The high-group frequencies (the column
tones) are slightly louder than the low-group to compensate for the high-frequency roll off of voice audio
systems.

DTMF Based Robotic Vehicle Circuit Principle:

DTMF based robotic vehicle circuit consists of DTMF decoder IC, driver IC l293D IC and
motors.
DTMF decoder IC used is HT9107B. It has 18 pins. Tone from DTMF encoder is given to the
DTMF decoder IC. The decoder IC internally, consists of operational amplifier whose output is
given to pre filters to separate low and high frequencies. Then it is passed to code detector
circuit and it decodes the incoming tone into 4bits of binary data. This data at the output is
directly given to the driver IC to drive the two motors. These motors rotate according to the
decoded output.
If the button pressed from mobile is 1, it gives a decoded output of 0001. Thus motor
connected to the first two pins will get 0 volts and second motor will have 5 volts to one pin
and 0 volts to the another pin. Thus second motor starts rotating and first motor is off. So,
robot moves in one direction either to left or right. If the robot is to rotate forward or backward
then the binary value should be either 0101 or 1010.
These values indicate that two motors rotates in the same direction i.e. either forward or
backward. The following table gives the low frequency, high frequency and binary output value
of each button pressed in the keypad.

DTMF Decoded Frequency Output Table

Circuit Diagram of DTMF Controlled Robotic Vehicle without using

Microcontroller:

DTMF based Mobile Controlled Robot Circuit Diagram

Circuit Components:

DTMF Decoder IC (HT9107B)

Motor Driver IC

Motors

Resistors R1, R2 & R3

Capacitors C1 to C4

Crystal

Power supply

L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor drivers act as current amplifiers
since they take a low-current control signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current
signal is used to drive the motors.
L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode of operation, two DC motors
can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two
motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the
corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions,
respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating. When
an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and
work in phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input is low, that driver is disabled, and their
outputs are off and in the high-impedance state.
An H bridge is an electronic circuit that enables a voltage to be applied across a load in either direction.
These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run forwards or
backwards.
Most DC-to-AC converters (power inverters), most AC/AC converters the DC-to-DC push-pull
converters most motor controllers, and many other kinds of power electronic use H bridges. In
particular, a bipolar stepper motor is almost invariably driven by a motor controller containing Two H
Bridges.

The term H Bridge is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a circuit.
An H bridge is built with four switches (solid-state or mechanical). When the switches S1
and S4 (according to the first figure) are closed (and S2 and S3 are open) a positive
voltage will be applied across the motor. By opening S1 and S4 switches and closing S2
and S3 switches, this voltage is reversed, allowing reverse operation of the motor.

Pin Description:

Pin No

Function

Name

Enable pin for Motor 1; active high

Enable 1,2

Input 1 for Motor 1

Input 1

Output 1 for Motor 1

Output 1

Ground (0V)

Ground

Ground (0V)

Ground

Output 2 for Motor 1

Output 2

Input 2 for Motor 1

Input 2

Supply voltage for Motors; 9-12V (up to 36V)

Vcc 2

Enable pin for Motor 2; active high

Enable 3,4

10

Input 1 for Motor 1

Input 3

11

Output 1 for Motor 1

Output 3

12

Ground (0V)

Ground

13

Ground (0V)

Ground

14

Output 2 for Motor 1

Output 4

15

Input2 for Motor 1

Input 4

16

Supply voltage; 5V (up to 36V)

Vcc 1

HT9107B is the series of Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) receivers. They employ digital counting
Techniques to detect and decode the 16 DTMF tones into 4 bit output code.
HT9170 series receivers do not require any external filters as they use highly accurate switched
capacitor filters for filtering low and high frequency signals from the DTMF tones. They also support
power down (PWDN) and inhibit (INH) modes. PWDN mode is used to power off the crystal, while
INH mode to inhibit the A, B, and C & D DTMF tones. The clock is provided by a 3.58 MHz crystal.
In simple terms, HT9170 IC detects and decodes the 16 DTMF tones into 4 bit output. In case the tones
are not detected, the four output bits remain low. The DV pin goes high on detection of a valid tone.

Pin Description:
Pin No

Function

Name

Operational amplifier non-inverting input

VP

Operational amplifier inverting input

VN

Operational amplifier output terminal

GS

Reference voltage output terminal

VREF

Active high. It inhibits the detection of tones corresponding to A, B, C

and D. It is internally pulled down.

INH

Active high. It leads the chip to power down mode and inhibits the
oscillator. It is internally pulled down

7
8

Connection for standard 3.579545 MHz crystal

PWDN
X1
X2

Ground (0V)

VSS

10

Active high; Enables output D0-D3

OE

11
12
13

D0
Output terminals

14

D1
D2
D3

15

Data valid. It goes high on reception of valid DTMF signal; otherwise

remains low

DV

16

Early steering output

EST

17

Tone acquisition time and release time can be set by using external
resistor and capacitor

18

Supply voltage; 5V (2.5V-5.5V)

RT/GT
VDD

DTMF Controlled Robot Circuit Design:

The main components of the circuit are DTMF decoder IC, motor driver IC and motors. The
decoder IC used here is HT9107B IC. The second pin of decoder IC is an inverting pin of the
operational amplifier.
Tone is applied to the IC through a series of capacitor and resistor. The output of the Op Amp
is feedback through GS pin of the IC. An external crystal is connected to the 7 th and 8th pins of
the IC.
Motor driver IC used is L293D. It has 16 pins. 2, 7, 10, 15 pins are the inputs of motor driver
IC connected from output pins of the decoder IC. The output pins are 3, 6, 11, and 14. These
pins are connected to the two motors of robotic vehicle. 8 th pin is connected to the 5v. Vss is
the input voltage with which the motors runs. Motors cannot be driven with 5Vof
microcontroller. So, a driver IC is used to amplify this voltage. VSS pin provides this voltage.

How DTMF based Robotic Vehicle Circuit Works?

Arrange the robot mechanically i.e. connect the wheels to the motors, place the circuit
on the robot with a mobile fixed to it.

Now press 5 from your mobile, robot starts moving forward.

Now press 0 from your mobile, robot starts moving backward.

Now press 2 to rotate the robot in left direction.

Now press 8 to rotate the robot in right direction.

When we press 5 from our mobile, output generated is 0 1 0 1. so, both motors starts to rotate in the
same direction, hence they start moving forward, and if 0 is pressed both will rotate in opposite
direction, hence backward.
If 2 is pressed 0 0 1 0 bits are generated. One motor has no voltage on both pin, so it do not rotate
while other one rotate , so it moves in left direction. When 8 is pressed first motor rotate while the
other one remains stop, so it moves right.
When 3 is pressed both motors will remain motionless, hence robot will not move. Similarly for 6 and
9 also robot will remain motionless as both motors move in different directions.

DTMF Controlled Robotic Vehicle Circuit Applications:

DTMF robot with slight modifications can be used in industrial applications.

DTMF robot with human detector sensor can be used at the time of disasters like earth
quake to detect the human under buildings.

DTMF robot with camera can be used in surveillance systems.

DTMF robots can be used in military applications.

Limitations of DTMF Controlled Robotic Vehicle:

DTMF robot may not work properly if it is operated with another mobile when there is no
signal.

Mobiles with particular jacks are only used.

Only touchtone mobiles can be used.

Only can be used as a car robot, not as an arm robot.

CONCLUSION
DTMF (Dual tone multiple frequency) is the most popular and nowadays ubiquitously used
telecommunication signaling method. DTMF keypads are used in almost all landline and mobile
handsets. So, it has become a great field for students to explore and to use this technique in other fields
too.
It is a must for every budding engineer to study it so that various other advanced and complex signaling
techniques can be studied and explored.
DTMF based robots are very useful and can be modified for the future applications.
All the basic learnt in this course will stay with me all my life.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.alldatasheets.com
www.datasheets.com
www.electronicsforyou.com
www.projectguidance.com
Linear integrated circuits by Gayakwad
DSP-based DTMF Decoder by Xiao Meng

www.engineersgarage.com
www.jeremyblum.com
www.electronicshub.org