Bus251 Final Report

North South University
Center of Excellence in Higher Education
Course: BUS251
Section: 11
Prepared For:
Prepared By:
KH. Asef Safa Kabir
MD. Nur-Ul Alam [121 1005 030]
Lecturer
Saimun Islam [123 0920 630]
Department of Management
Nafisa Khan [133 0866 630]
School of Business and Economics
Bushra Islam [141 0004 030]
North South University
Acknowledgement
By the name of Allah, we are so blessed with HIS mercy and finally
could finish our group project on Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes
and Remedies for our Business Communication course (BUS251).
We could not have succeeded or even started the project without the
guidelines of our lecturer KH. Asef Safa Kabir. He gave us the great
opportunity to look at the details of the marketing opportunity of Bombay
Sweets for Bombay Sticks, without his encouragement or constant support,
this project would not have been possible.
A big thanks you to the whole team of Rectifiers, MD. Nur-Ul Alam,
Saimun Islam, Nafisa Khan and Bushra Islam. Everyone has equally
participated in all the aspects to make this project come to life. Without the
effort given by these members, presenting the project wouldnt have been
possible.
Last but not the least, we would like to thank everyone we interacted
with related to this report. We would like to thank all the 4 interviewees who
have spared their valuable time for the interview that was very useful for the
purpose of the research. Our parents, without whose constant prayers and
support we would not have been successful, and anyone else who directly or
indirectly helped us reach our goal.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
July 29, 2016
KH.Asef Safa Kabir
Lecturer, Department of Management,
School of Business & Economics
North South University, Bangladesh
Subject: Letter of Transmittal

Dear Sir,
With due respect we, registered students under BBA program in North South
University have prepared a report on Anxiety in Verbal Presentation:
Causes and Remedies for Business Communication course (BUS251).
We are still in the learning state, this report has helped us to gain insight into
the main reasons why students face anxiety during presentations. It was very
useful and at the same time very educational with interesting experiences.
Thank you Sir for the immense support and the guidelines you have
provided us during class times. Without your support this report would have
been an incomplete work.
Lastly, it will be an honor if you give your wise advice on the effort that has
been put together.
Yours sincerely,
_______________________
_______________________
MD. Nur-Ul Alam
Saimun Islam
[121 1005 030]
[123 0920 630]
_______________________
_______________________
Nafisa Khan
Bushra Islam
[133 0866 630]
[141 0004 030]
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction of the topic:...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Anxiety in verbal presentation in the context of Business Communication:.......... 2
1.3 Key Objectives of the search:.............................................................................................................. 3
2. Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Literature Review...................................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Findings obtained from Literature Review:............................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Personal Characteristics: ...................................................................................................................6
2.2.2 Presentation Skills:...............................................................................................................................6
2.2.3 Audience & Instructor: .......................................................................................................................7
3. Methodology ................................................................................................................ 8
3.1 Methods Used: ............................................................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Reasons behind the use of such methods:................................................................................... 9
4. Findings....................................................................................................................... 10
4.1 Findings obtained from the Data Analysis: ............................................................................. 10
4.2 What the findings indicate:............................................................................................................... 13
5. Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 15
5.1 Limitations of the research: ............................................................................................................. 15
5.2 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................................................. 15
References ...................................................................................................................... 18
Appendix ......................................................................................................................... 21
Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies
Chapter-1
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduction of the topic:
Anxiety is the state of uneasiness, apprehension or fear, nervousness or tension. Everyone
suffers from anxiety, especially when the individ ual is speaking in front of an audience.
Verbal Presentation anxiety is very common among both students and the general
population. Many people feel greater nervousness when they are in front of the audience.
Most people experience anxiety when they have to speak and present in front of a group.
Sometimes verbal presentation is many peoples greatest fear. Presentation anxiety can
range from a slight feeling of nerves to a nearly incapacitating fear. Some of the most
common symptoms of speech anxiety are: shaking, sweating, dry mouth, rapid heartbeat,
and squeaky voice.
Many students dread giving oral presentations in class, yet sooner or later students in
most programs will be obligated to do so. Even in workplaces, people suffer from anxiety
during verbal presentations. Persons with presentation anxiety often avoid anxietyproducing social or performance situations, but when they are unavoidable, these
situations are endured with feeling of intense anxiety and distress. Also, anticipatory
anxiety frequently occurs as an individual imagines the situation in advance of the actual
experience. For example, students worry about their presentations weeks before the
actual presentation day. Sometimes they understand that their anxiety is unreasonable,
but still they cannot control it.
In the case of students, this may lead to avoiding certain courses or even majors where
verbal presentations are required, never speaking in class, or deciding against certain
careers because they would require occasional speaking before a group. Speaking in class
is the most frequently difficult for anxious students even though they are pretty good at
responding to a drill or giving prepared speeches. Anxious students may also have
difficulties in discriminating sounds and structures or in catching their meaning. Students
1

who are very anxious about giving presentations in class may sometimes also avoid
social events they would like to attend or may not talk to classmates they would like to
get to know. Instead of actively participating in various presentation activities, they have
negative perceptions on such presentation activities.
Many people who speak for a living, including actors, businesspeople, and politicians,
experience public speaking anxiety. In fact, some of these experienced public speakers
feel that a little nervousness before a performance or speaking engagement gives them
the ability to perform at their best. However, for some people, especially for students and
business people, the anxiety becomes so intense that it interferes with the ability to
perform at all.
1.2 Anxiety in verbal presentation in the context of Business Communication:

Verbal presentations are important because they give the presenter the opportunity of
showing their understanding or opinion on a particular topic to other people. Presentation
skills and public speaking skills are very useful in many aspects of work life like
business, selling, training, teaching and lecturing that develops confidence and other
social situations.
Proper verbal presentation is one of the most important factors in business
communication. Oral presentations are commonplace in the business world. In fact, it can
be actually considered as the most important part in a business or a workplace. So
suffering from anxiety in verbal presentations has very negative impacts in business
communication. In the business world, everything depends on proper communication. No
matter how knowledgeable and hardworking an employee is, without the ability to
present it properly in front of the audience, the employee can never succeed.
When a business person or employee becomes nervous, he or she cannot deliver their
work properly. Verbal presentation gives them the chance to show their work and prove
their worth and value to the company. So if they fail to do so for anxiety, they will lose
their value. They will not be able to deliver their strategies and work to the company. In
fact, when a business employee fails to give proper presentations, they are seen as less
competent and sometimes they might lose their job. It is extremely important in an

organization to give effective presentations, because this is how they connect to other
businesses and stakeholders. So if employees face anxiety, he or she fails to de liver their
work even though they work really hard and are very efficient.
In businesses, people have to present themselves very frequently. No plan or strategy
would work if they fail to present it properly. For example, when someone wants to start
a new business, she or she has great plans and strategy for that. But if that person fails to
make the audiences understand that plan, he or she will not be able to start that business.
If that person works for a company, the company might reject the proposal. If that person
is the CEO himself/herself, his or her subordinates might feel anxious too. The CEO will
lose his/her value to its employees as no employee wants to see their boss nervous and
anxious. This will affect the whole organization. In businesses, everything is about
meeting new people and communicating with them and making them aware of the
business and earning profit. But someone who is anxious or nervous about speaking in
public, it becomes impossible to fulfill the objective. It creates a barrier for the
organization. To be a successful manager, one has to be efficient in presentations. If the
managers feel anxious in giving oral presentations, they will be unsuccessful. They fail to
connect to the employees as well as the customers. People do not understand them and
also see them as incompetent. All their hard work will go in vain if they cannot present
themselves without anxiety. Of course, everyone feels anxious, but they have to know
how to reduce it.
Managers and employees, as well as business students need to have the ability to give
proper verbal presentation because verbal presentation is the main method that is used to
communicate in the business world. If affects the overall performance of the workplace
as well as the people themselves. So this topic has great significance in the context of
business communication.
1.3 Key Objectives of the search:

Realizing the importance of verbal presentations and seeing peoples anxiety in this
regard, we have decided to do this research. Here, we ha ve focused on business students
and tried to find out if whether they suffer from anxiety in verbal presentations. If they

do, we have tried to learn to what extent they feel it. We have also tried to investigate the
reasons behind their anxiousness and connect those reasons. Through interviews we have
also tried to learn about the techniques that they use to overcome their anxiousness and
also whether those ideas work for them or not. We have tried to know their suggestions
and lastly based on the research, we have decided to point out the important aspects of
this topic and find remedies that can help overcome this problem. So in short, our key
objective of this research is to know1. The reasons behind their anxiousness
2. The Strategies they follow to overcome this problem
3. Their suggestions to solve this problem, and lastly
4. Find out remedies and recommendations to solve this problem.
Chapter-2
2. Literature Review
2.1 Literature Review
Lately educationalists and researchers have been busy highlighting the importance of
verbal presentation in students academic careers, especially at their under graduation and
post graduation (Liow, 2008; Wolfe, 2008; Munby, 2011). Most of those lessons were
dedicated for coordinating perfect verbal presentations (e.g., Abu El Enein, 2011).
However, other researches were bothered about noting down the problems that pupils
regularly ace during verbal presentation, such as nervousness (Chuang, 2009; Abu Al
Enein, 2011 Alwi & Sindhu, 2013). Certain researches enquired the facts due to which
pupils become anxious like poor vocabulary (Subasi, 2010; Mazdayasna, 2012),on the
other hand many suggested ways to solve these problems, like picking up a common
topic and practicing a lot (e.g. Zappa-Hollman, 2007).
Furthermore there a rise in the number of researches that enquires the facts behind the
poor verbal presentations of students (Turner; Roberts; Heal & Wright, 2012; Akindele &
Trennepohl, 2014). These can be grouped under three categories. First, personal traits
such as shyness, fear of facing an audience, self- confidence, and physical appearance.
Elliott and Chong (2004) found that students personal traits were the reason behind their
feelings of anxiety during oral presentation. Second, the audience and the instructor were
believed to be main reasons for students unwillingness to present (e.g., negative
evaluations, hard questions, humiliating feedback, etc.) (Wolfe, 2008). Lastly, a vital
reason why students become anxious while (e.g., researching, planning, organizing,
practicing, and presenting) is due to their incapabity of excelling in presentation skills.
(Leichsenring, 2010).
As seen above, although there are different factors that affect students oral presentation,
most of them stem from anxiety of speaking. In the next section, studies reporting the
effect
of
the
above
factors
on
students
oral
presentation
are
discussed
5
2.2 Findings obtained from Literature Review:
2.2.1 Personal Characteristics:

Researches regarding verbal evaluation have often pointed out the potentially inhibiting
role of anxiety in affecting students ability to perform (Joughin 2007) Two thirds of the
students believed that their level of anxiety affected their performance. Interestingly, it
was found that the level of anxiety was higher for international students. Not only
undergraduate but also graduate students were reported It was discovered that students
were shy and scared of presenting in front of a large audience. They feared verbal
presentation since it involved a number of skills. Much of the problems found were due
to individualistic personal issues. Further studies on the origin behind anxiety were
carried out by Chuang (2010), who enquired the origins of anxiety and what led to such
anxieties. Reports showed that mainly undergraduate students suffered most from
anxieties even after getting prepared before giving presentations. They thought that their
peers spoke better English than they did as a result they were shy and uncomfortable
while speaking in front of their peers. Furthermore they were also afraid that the teacher
would point out their mistakes made while speaking English. Moreover, anxiety might
result from lack o self-belief which affects students overall presentation. According to
Al-Hebaish (2012), there is a favorable, noteworthy relationship between self-confidence
and performance in verbal presentations. Self-believers tend to speak out and are willing
to take risks whereas students with low self-confidence would not try much.
2.2.2 Presentation Skills:

Shortages of skills are believed to be the next most important factor that causes problems
in verbal presentation. In a research to investigate the factors that affects students verbal
presentations, Leichsenring (2010) filed undergraduate EFL Japanese students want to
speak better English and overcome their language anxieties. They were worried about
messing up as a result they turned to memorizing their presentations. Exactly the same
situation is taking place amongst the undergraduate students of North South University
6

on a regular basis. Like the Japanese students many North South University students
often mention that presenting in English is difficult and they face problems with planning
and preparing a presentation. This problem seems to be everywhere.
2.2.3 Audience & Instructor:

The panic of facing the instructor and spectators was reported my majority o the
researches as the most severe fear of all during presentations. In order to understand
students attitudes towards verbal presentations, Wolfe (2008) saw students complaining
that audiences reactions were unpleasant in group presentations as well as in group
presentations where the group does not share the work load equally. In some of the
interviews conducted from NSU students, even they mentioned about experiencing such
incidents. Like Wolfe even I would conclude that the fear of public speaking can be
considered as the most severe form of fear amongst students even here at North South
University. Fear of making public speeches might be the outcome of the learning culture.
A more recent study by Radzuan and Kaur (2011) shows that undergraduate students
major source of anxiety was the cruel and petrifying evaluation council. Students were
observed fearing the audiences difficult questions, interruptions and disapprovals of their
presentations.
To students, discussion about the topic of verbal presentations is of utmost importance
because it gives them a clear idea of how to be skillful at critically analyzing themselves
during their presentations which would help them in the long run both in academics and
career building. Today, it is a must that all students complete advanced written and oral
skill development courses in their higher education (Tuan & Neomy, 2007)
Driven by the anxieties faced by many students of North South University during
presentations, this small scale study plans to find out the origins of these anxious
behaviors, how severely this can affect an individuals verbal presentations and what
might
be
the
remedies
for
such
anxieties.
Chapter-3
3. Methodology
3.1 Methods Used:
The research conducted was on the topic that deals with the reasons why students face
anxiety during verbal presentations and what are the remedies for it. Various methods
were used in order to gain insight into the core facts of the topic.
The research conducted contained a set of searches. The primary research was the
interviews conducted by the group members. Each member of the group conducted
formal interviews with an interviewee in their convenient locations. The interviews were
very conventional and were conducted successfully. Each member was given same set of
questions that they needed to ask the interviewees. The interviewees were cooperative
and patiently answered every question they were asked. On average the interviews were
10 minutes long from where extensive information were collected. The knowledge and
advises provided by the interviewees were closely analyzed and considerable findings
were extracted which played a huge part for the conclusion of the report.
The secondary research for the report was done with the help of the Internet and North
South Library. Selecting relative articles from prodigious collection of articles in North
South library and boundless articles from the Internet did the literature review. Articles
were carefully selected by going through each and every detail and by checking the
creditability of it. The data are then analyzed by skimming out irrelevant materials. The
effective messages are then studied and used for further research.
However there were some informal/casual interviews taken by the group members
besides the 4 interviewees. The results were somewhat similar to the answers of the
8

formal interviews. Favorable advises were collected and analyzed for the purpose of the
study.
3.2 Reasons behind the use of such methods:

Conducting interviews helps to accumulate extensive open-ended qualitative data. The
data collected by a conversation is very rich and authentic. Interviews help to understand
ones personality and how ones perspective differs from other. This gives us the
opportunity to have rich qualitative data, which can be customized according to specific
needs. A lot can be learned from interviewees with some authentic and credible
messages. Both the interviewer and interviewee can dig deep into the core of the problem
with numerous discussions. This method is efficient and cheap at the same time being
one of the most commonly used ways when it comes to gather rich qualitative
information.
However the Internet and the library contain published reports of famous researchers with
high creditability that has previously worked intensively on such topics. Those works
contains expertise of scientists who experimented on focus groups to prove their
hypothesis. Effective and appropriate information is collected in no time with almost zero
cost from a vast collection from both the Internet and the library.
Chapter-4
4. Findings
4.1 Findings obtained from the Data Analysis:
Collected data were analyzed to investigate findings of the participants in-class
presentation anxiety and their presentation performances, findings from the data analysis
were students speaking and in-class presentation performance. The reasons that the
participants chose relevant speaking anxiety in their interviews were given in the
interview data:
Interviewee 1: I feel psychological stress when I make a presentation in front of an
audience. For example, I think that I will forget everything that I have to present.
Interviewee 2: Not that type of specific stress. I first of all I get nervous if I have to say
so I take adequate preparation. I decide what I have to say beforehand and try to practice
with myself and then give the actual presentation.
Interviewee 3: Yes, I feel very restless.
Interviewee 4: Actually I used to for obvious reasons. During my first two years of under
graduation, at presentations I sort of cracked down a bit especially before the session
started. I would have this weird feeling inside me, used to start scratching my right cheek,
kept on tapping legs while being seated and listening to other presenters probably
because they were so good at it. This was more like a warm up of my anxieties. The main
problem started when I was presenting myself. At first I would stare at the audience and
speak as if I was a programmed robot without any expressions. I would look at the notes I
had on my hand as an excuse not to face the audience. By any chance if anybody from
the audience or the faculty members asked any simple question I would start stammering
even after knowing the answer. It was depressing, embarrassing and cost me some grades
as well. Some painful experiences I must tell. But this was a long time ago.
10

3 out of 4 interviewees admitted they feel some sort of stress before and during the verbal
presentation. They all have different types of stress. For instance, our first interviewee
feels psychological stress while presenting in front of audience. Our second interviewee
gets nervous but she practices before a presentation. Our third interviewee feels restless
while giving presentation. And the last interviewee expressed his how he suffered from
physical stress while he gives a presentation.
The main reason for the anxiety while giving presentation is distraction. Students gets
distracted for many reasons.
Interviewee 1: The eye contact between me and the audience distracts me.
Interviewee 2: The audience has to be supportive. They have to give their support that
they are listening to you. And if you think that your audience is not paying attention to
what you are saying to might feel a bit distracted.
Interviewee 3: A lot of movement distracts me, fear of embarrassment in front of public.
Interviewee 4: I guess what actually bothered me was whether I would be able to match
the standards of other presenters or end up being a laughing stock in front of the entire
class. This fear of failing killed my self-confidence. Im still afraid of this but due to
practice and experience I guess I have learned ways of taming this fear.
The technique they use to keep calm are given below.
Interviewee1: I concentrate on my speech, speak louder and think that I am the best.
Interviewee 2: If I feel nervous, I would take a moment, a bit time to think about what I
have to say and then probably start again from where I left.
Interviewee 3: By paying less attention to peoples movements and By holding up to my
confidence.
Interviewee 4: I have this tendency of moving around during presentations and
interacting with the audience using both my hands to point out facts, possibilities etc.
which reflects my confidence and I believe when the audience is aware that the presenter
is confident they wont be asking questions to intimidate the presenter and its quite
natural. But sometimes I did face some audience who prefer criticizing and at that
moment on ones presence of mind comes in handy. It is more of a survival of the
answerer situation. At such situations, I do lose my temper but that never helps its wiser
to think constructively in a short time and then answer to whoever that is intimidating.
11

Everyone have their own mechanism to cope up with a situation and maintain their cool.
They are unique from one another but it is helpful to them.
When asked what their educational institution could do to help their anxiety they replied
like this
Interviewee 1: They should make the presentation mandatory from class 1.
Interviewee 2: All the institution might give all the students enough opportunity to
present themselves. You know, to do more presentation and practice more. The teacher
can give tips on how to improve for example how should one talk, one shouldnt talk too
fast while giving a verbal presentation so that your audience can understand what you are
saying. If teachers gives advises, it might help the students.
Interviewee 3: By taking more presentation to overcome nervousness.
Interviewee 4: You see the solutions are very individualistic and may vary from person to
person. The most common and easiest solution is reading books, journals etc. but
everybody doesnt read books to be more precise enjoy reading books. I would say the
faculty member of any educational institution can help us(students) the most, guide us the
best, point out each and every flaw in our presenting skills and give us knowledge how to
never repeat our mistakes ever again especially during our initial development stages. If
we have a rock solid foundation, excelling further should not take much time. But for
this, the institutions must ensure that they hire top notch professionals as faculty member
which my institution has provided so far. Other minor solutions would be like holding
motivational speaking sessions where big shots can motivate students, organizing and
running full fledged debate clubs which actively practices healthy debating by inviting
each and every single student who needs to brush up their speaking capabilities rather
than those who are actually good at it. This would not only boost their confidence but
also encourage them, motivate them to learn the techniques, the tips and tricks o excelling
at verbal presentations. Such skills cannot be taught, one develops them eventually
through practice. These are some basic yet important solutions the university can provide.
The interviewees gave some suggestions to those who suffer from anxiety while giving
presentation.
Interviewee 1: I will suggest them to concentrate on their speech and forget the audience,
think they are alone and they are able to present anything in front of anyone.
12

Interviewee 2: Most of the students get anxious before presentation so, one advise I
would like to give is that one should practice more with yourself. Without practice you
cant give a good presentation. Present in front of your friends who can point out the
mistakes you make during presentation. Its important to remember the key points that you
is going to talk about. Decide on what you are going to say earlier to avoid going blank.
Interviewee 3: Not to take it way to seriously, and if possible by practicing it one or two
times before the presentation.
Interviewee 4: Its a learning experience just go with the flow but in between they should
try to pick up the tips and tricks one might come across. It is okay to be scared but not to
stop. Push ahead no matter how much one stammers or embarrasses himself/herself in
front of the audience because after three or four miserable attempts they will succeed in
presenting like semi-professional. Once they realize they have performed well in their
presentation, their performance will set new bars and they will always try outing
themselves with each presentation. Forget presentation anxiety, giving presentations
would become an addiction.
4.2 What the findings indicate:

The degree of anxiety tends to have little effect on their presentation performances.
Students presentation performances may also be affected by other variables while inclass speaking anxiety could also be regulated by students coping strategies. That is the
reason why students can still gain good presentation scores in activities that induce severe
anxiety.
Findings can be clarified into five points below: students get anxious about presentation,
but this in-class speaking anxiety does not have so much connection with their
presentation performance. Complex subjective and objective factors, such as English
proficiency and audience attention can cause anxiety in presentations and may even affect
students presentation performances. Additionally, some factors such as secondary
presentation requirements are peripheral factors that cause some students to get anxious
about oral presentations. Next, some coping strategies adopted by learners are not so
effective in giving presentations. For instance, using too much physical adjustment,
13

pauses and fillers not only leads students to get a lower presentation score, but also forms
negative English habits. What is more, in order to reduce students speaking anxiety and
improve their English proficiency to avoid ineffective efforts, the findings suggest that it
is essential to develop more long-term coping strategies.
14
Chapter-5
5. Conclusion
5.1 Limitations of the research:
The purpose of the present study was to explore connections between students
presentation performance and in-class speaking anxiety, factors causing speaking anxiety
in presentations, and coping strategies adopted by students to reduce oral anxiety during
presentations. Chapter 4 presented findings of the current research. But there are some
limitations to this research. We interviewed only students from North South University.
Interviewing only one universities students can never show the original situation of our
country. Because North South University is the best private university in Bangladesh.
The education quality is different in different universities. As we were not able to
research outside our university we couldnt assume that our findings are absolutely
correct. But we tried to come up with a conclusion that fits the situation for all the
students that suffer from anxiety in class presentation participation.
5.2 Conclusion:
Findings reveal that all participants get anxious during in-class oral presentations.
However, in-class speaking anxiety does not have much connection with students
presentation performances. Students presentation performances are also affected by
speaking anxiety coping strategies used in presentations. By adopting effective coping
strategies, higher anxiety level students effectively alleviate their nervous feelings to gain
a score in presentations as well as developing effective language learning habits. On the
contrary, adopting ineffective coping strategies may reduce students speaking anxiety,
but students may earn a low score during presentations. Although coping strategies can
15

reduce students speaking anxiety, it is also necessary for teachers to create a lowanxiety atmosphere in speaking classes, especially for in-class presentations.
According to the present findings, students see the following as effective coping
strategies: to focus on the presentations, to improve oral English proficiency, to have a
good
preparation, and to develop good random response capabilities with impromptu
presentations.
In order to assist students to master these coping strategies to reduce speaking anxiety
effective coping strategies from speaking anxiety strategies they used before as well
develop more effective speaking anxiety coping strategies, some effective methods and
will be elaborated from teachers perspectives to diminish factors causing students oral
anxiety. Based on factors causing students in-class speaking anxiety, students English
proficiency is the first factor mentioned in the interview data. For both higher and lower
English proficiency students, in-class presentation is a cognitively demanding activity
for them. Lower English level of students need to improve their simple everyday
conversation basic academic grammar, while higher level of students should focus more
on the using of academic language. Although this language learning processes is a
challenge for all students, lower level of suffer more from obstacles in presentation
anxiety. Due to the fact that students with lower English proficiency cannot memorize too
many complex clauses or sentences as well as academic technical terms, these
cognitively demanding structures need to be avoided in low-anxiety presentations. Thus,
for the lower level of students, teachers may encourage them to use more simple words
and structures to present. It is easy for these students to recall their presentation ideas.
This study is limited to the interview data collection. The post-task interview took place
in the students native language and was then translated into English. The main reason to
do this was so that the students might have less difficulty expressing their real feelings
and thoughts. It would be ideal to collect larger data samples for further research. We
were able to recruit only four participants for the current research project because of the
time limitation. These collected data cannot present a full picture.
The focus of this research is on students in-class speaking anxiety. For future research,
other factors causing speaking anxiety might be explored, such as gender, technologies,
16

and teachers feedback. Additionally, coping strategies for other specific types of
anxieties, such as speaking anxiety with native speakers or writing anxiety under
standardized test contexts might further be examined.
17
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Conference, 2004, 30 November-3 December, 2004, Grand Hayatt, Melbourne,
Victoria.
8. Joughin, G. (2007). Student conceptions of oral presentations. Studies in Higher
Education, 32(3), 323-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075070701346873
9. King, J. (2002). Preparing EFL learners for oral presentations
18

10. Liow, J. (2008). Peer assessment in thesis oral presentation. European Journal of
Engineering Education, 33(5) (6), 525-537.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03043790802564103
11. Leichsenring, A. (2010). What do 1st year Japanese EFL students learn by
preparing and presenting a group work oriented oral presentations? Online
submission to the Institute of Education Sciences, ED 537529. Retrieved Friday
18th April from http://eric.edu.gov./
12. Munby, I. (2011). The oral presentation: An EFL teachers' toolkit. Studies in
Culture, 99, 143-168.
13. Mazdayasna, G. (2012). Objective assessment of oral presentations and EFL
learners speaking development. Sheikhbahaee EFL Journal, 1(1), 23-38.
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Presentations
15. (2016). Presentation Anxiety. Kings College London. London: Kings College
London.
16. Radzuan, N.R.M. & Kaur, S. (2011). Technical oral presentations in English:
Qualitative analysis of Malaysian engineering undergraduates' sources of
anxiety. Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1436-1445.
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17. Subasi, G. (2010). What are the main sources of Turkish EFL students' anxiety in
oral practice? Turkish online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 1(2), 29-49.
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Hearst Newspaper.
19. Turner, K.; Roberts, L.; Heal, C. & Wright, L. (2012). Oral presentations as a
form of summative assessment in a master's level PGCE module: the student
perspective. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(6), 662-673.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2012.680016
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033688206076162
19
21. Wolfe, A. (2008). Oral presentations in marketing courses: Students' attitudes

and self-assessment. Presentation & Paper published in the proceeding in the
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Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(4), 455-485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.63.4.455
20
Appendix
INTERVIEW EXCERPT (PARTICIPANT 1)
General information:
Name of the Participant: Nasif Rahman Khan Mashuk
Gender: Male
Occupation: Student
Year at NSU: 3rd year
Date of the Interview: 21-07-2016
Location of the Interview: NSU campus
Interviewer: Hello Nasif.
Interviewee: Hello.
Inte rvie wer: I will ask you a few questions regarding anxiety in verbal presentation.
Shall we start?
Interviewee: Yes, sure.
Inte rvie wer: How do you feel when you have to make a verbal presentation in front of an
audience?
Interviewee: I feel both excited and nervous.
Inte rvie wer: Do you experience any specific physical or psychological stress when you
make a presentation in front of an audience? If yes, what are those?
Inte rvie wee: Yes, I do feel psychological stress when I make a presentation in front of an
audience. For example, I think that I will forget everything that I have to present.
Inte rvie wer:
behind it?
Interviewee:
Interviewer:
Interviewee:
If you suffer from anxiety while presenting, what are the main reasons
Maybe lack of practice.
What distracts you during presentations?
The eye contact between me and the audience distracts me.
Interviewer: Does the size of the audience make you nervous?

Interviewee: Yes, it does.
Inte rvie wer: Lets assume you feel nervous, how do you calm yourself down in front of
the audience?
Interviewee: I concentrate on my speech, speak louder and think that I am the best.
Interviewer:
Interviewee:
Interviewer:
Interviewee:
What are the some of the ways or techniques you use to keep your cool?
I start thinking that I am better than others.
Are they useful at all times?
No.
21

Inte rvie wer: What remedies do you think educational institutions can offer to help
students get over presentation anxiety and improve the verbal presentation skills?
Interviewee: They should make the presentation mandatory from class 1.
Inte rvie wer: What resources at our University can help you get over presentation
anxiety?
Interviewee: Maybe the help from our teachers.
Inte rvie wer:
anxiety?
Interviewee:
Inte rvie wer:
anxiety?
Interviewee:
What role course teachers can play to help you overcome presentation
They can teach us how to present and other techniques.
What role your fellow students can play to help you overcome presentation
They can inspire me, tell me about my mistakes that I made previously.
Inte rvie wer: What will be your specific suggestions to people who suffer from
presentation anxiety?
Inte rvie wee: I will suggest them to concentrate on their speech and forget the audience,
think they are alone and they are able to present anything in front of anyone.
Inte rvie wer: Okay, thank you so much for taking your time to give this interview. I really
appreciate it.
Interviewee: No problem, thank you.
--------------------------------------------------------------
22

General Introduction
Name of the participant: Farah Naaz Farhad
Gender: Female
Occupation: Student
Year at NSU: 3rd year, 2nd semester
Date of the interview: 24th July 2016
Location of the interview: Girls lounge, NSU
Inte rvie wer: Hello, Farah. I hope you are doing fine and thank you for participating.
This is a survey we are doing for BUS251 report. I hope its fine with you and question
you.
Interviewee: Yes, of course. Youre welcome. Anyways you can start with the interview.
Inte rvie wer: Okay. So, how do you feel when you have to make a verbal presentation in
front of an audience?
Inte rvie wee: I have been doing presentations for 3 years in North South University. At
first I felt a bit nervous when I started giving presentations but now since I have given
quite a few presentation, I am pretty comfortable with an audience.
Interviewer: 3 years in North South University?
Interviewee: Yes.
Interviewer: This is your 3rd year 2nd semester
Interviewee: Ah, yes. This is my 3rd year 2nd semester
Interviewer: This means you have given a lot of presentations before.
Inte rvie wee: Yes, a lot of presentations based on various courses and subjects and
topics.
Inte rvie wee: Not that type of specific stress. I first of all I get nervous if I have to say
so I take adequate preparation. I decide what I have to say beforehand and try to
practice with myself and then give the actual presentation.
Inte rvie wer: Ah ..so by physical stress we mean, do you feel numb or do you feel
paralyzed as we can explain it. When you are about to present but you go blank and dont
know what to say and feel numb.
Interviewee: No, usually I dont feel like that. I feel pretty normal.
Inte rvie wer: If you suffer from anxiety while presenting, what are the main reasons
behind it? What do you think, what are the main reasons?
23

Inte rvie wee: Main reasons might be when you are not familiar with the audience. I
mean, when you feel you dont know them, you might feel anxious. Plus when you dont
know your topic well, you might fell anxious. But if you have enough practice then you
would know what you are going to talk about then you wont feel anxious.
Interviewer: So what do you think what distracts you during presentations?
Inte rvie wee: The audience has to be supportive. They have to give their support that they
are listening to you. And if you think that your audience is not paying attention to what
you are saying to might feel a bit distracted.
Interviewer: So do you feel its easier when you have friends in your audience?
Inte rvie wee: It makes it a bit easier if you know how your friends are going to behave
when you say something.
Inte rvie wer: Do you worry when you are presenting in front of strict faculties? Can it be
one of the reasons that distract you during presentation?
Inte rvie wee: When there is a strict faculty you always take extra precautions. You tend
to practice more to be precise. Maybe this is one of the reasons why people get
distracted.
Inte rvie wer: I think I agree with you on it. Does the size of the audience make you
nervous?
Interviewee: Not really. Its always around 30-40 people.
Inte rvie wer: What if your faculty brings his/her other sections, which will increase the
size to 50-60?
Inte rvie wee: That actually doesnt make much of a difference. I thing its pretty much the
same thing.
Inte rvie wer: Okay. So lets assume you feel nervous, how would you calm yourself down
in front of the audience?
Inte rvie wee: If I feel nervous, I would take a moment, a bit time to think about what I
have to say and then probably start again from where I left.
Inte rvie wer: Okay. So what are some of the ways or techniques you use to keep your
cool?
Inte rvie wee: Before giving a presentation I practice with myself few times and during
the presentation if I get nervous, I try to calm myself down with the visual aids and
presentation itself. I look back to check the points that I have to say.
Interviewer: So do you think its useful at times, when you look at the visual aids?
Inte rvie wee: It sometime helps when you forget the track of what you were saying and
one or two words actually helps you to remember what you are going to say in the
presentation.
Inte rvie wer: What remedies do you think an educational institution can offer a student
to over come the presentation anxiety and improve their presentation skills? How can an
institute provide and help students to reduce the anxiety level?
24

Inte rvie wee: All the institution might give all the students enough opportunity to present
themselves. You know, to do more presentation and practice more. The teacher can give
tips on how to improve for example how should one talk, one shouldnt talk too fast while
giving a verbal presentation so that your audience can understand what you are saying.
If teachers gives advises, it might help the students.
Inte rvie wer: So the course BUS251 if Business Communication, as far as I know there is
only one course where the faculty is advised to take more than one or two presentations
for students. So do you think that the institution should provide more courses like this or
one course is enough?
Inte rvie wee: Its usually for business students who have to give a lot of different
presentations for their courses o doing this course might help them do better in other
courses. So I think the students should take this course as early as possible and help them
with other presentation.
Inte rvie wer: What resources our university can help to get over the presentation
anxiety? What resources NSU could use? What do you think?
Inte rvie wee: Usually what we are taught in these courses, out teachers tells us to
implement these in real life. This kind of help the students to understand what they are
going face in real life. I think its actually an important recourse for NSU.
Interviewer: DO you think NSU should provide seminars or workshops for students?
Inte rvie wee: Yes. There are different clubs in NSU who can arrange some sort of
programs so that students can learn better.
Interviewer: What role can the teachers play to help the students?
Inte rvie wee: They should be less strict. They shouldnt scare them of at the first place.
They should be friendly and calm students down they should advise students to feel
normal and act normal and not to act very formal in the first few present ations. They
should practice a few times and move on to more formal presentations.
Inte rvie wer: What role does your fellow friends play to help you to overcome the
Inte rvie wee: Few of my friends are very good at presentation. They give me tips on how
to improve. They tell me to take it normally, and take it as a normal class and act normal
by not getting nervous, try to remember the points you are going to talk about it. They
suggest having some sort of hand notes or visual aid for help if you forget.
Inte rvie wer: So since its you 3rd year 2nd semester in NSU, I am pretty sure you have
given a lot of presentations, you might have somewhat experienced the horror that one
go through before and during the presentation. What are the suggestions you can give to
those who suffer from presentation anxiety?
Inte rvie wee: Most of the students get anxious before presentation so, one advise I would
like to give is that one should practice more with yourself. Without practice you cant give
a good presentation. Present in front of your friends who can point out the mistakes you
make during presentation. Its important to remember the key points that you is going to
talk about. Decide on what you are going to say earlier to avoid going blank.
25

Inte rvie wer: Thank you so much for your time. Its been very helpful and I hope after
doing this research, if it gets published and whoever reads it will consider your advice
and will do better in their presentations in the future.
Interviewee: Youre welcome.
------------------------------------------------------------------INTERVIEW EXCERPT (PARTICIPANT 3)
General Information
Name of the participant: Sarah Haider
Gender: Female
Occupation: Student
Year at NSU: 4th Year
Date of the Interview: 25-07-2016
Location of the Interview: Club Lounge, NSU.
audience?
Interviewee: I feel very nervous.
Interviewee: Yes, I feel very restless.
Inte rvie wer: If you suffer from anxiety while presenting, what is the main reason behind
it?
Interviewee: A lot of movement distracts me, fear of embarrassment in front of public.
Interviewer: What distracts you during presentations?
Interviewee: Movements of people.
Interviewee: Yes.
the audience?
Interviewee: By paying less attention to peoples movements.
Interviewer: What are some of the ways or techniques you use to keep your cool?
Interviewee: By holding up to my confidence.
Interviewer: Are they useful all the time?
Interviewee: Yes
26

Interviewee: By taking more presentation to overcome nervousness.
Inte rvie wer: What resources at our university can help you get over presentation
anxiety?
Inte rvie wee: The resources can be course materials and contents are a little easy so that
students can cover their presentation easily.
Inte rvie wer: What role course teacher can play to help you overcome presentation
anxiety?
Interviewee: By acting in a supportive manner when I am presenting.
Inte rvie wer: What role your fellow students can play to help you overcome presentation
anxiety?
Interviewee: By not laughing or whispering during my presentation.
Inte rvie wee: Not to take it way to seriously, and if possible by practicing it one or two
times before the presentation.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
27

General Introduction
Name of the Participant: Khandokar Ashif Uz Zaman
Gender: Male
Occupation: Student and part-time teacher
Year at NSU: Final
Date of the Interview: 24.7.2016
Location of the Interview: NSU
Interviewer: Thank you for your time sir otherwise this interview would not be possible.
Interviewee: You are most welcome. You may proceed.
audience?
Inte rvie wee: Honestly during my first year thinking about giving presentations used to
be a nightmare. It was my freshman year, new to university and had no idea what was
ahead. Slowly as semesters passed by and I kept on presenting in different courses on
different topics in front of multiple audiences; I have become quite used to verbal
presentations. I should not consider myself to be a professional but then again I am not
even a mediocre at this anymore.
Inte rvie wer: Do you experience any physical or psychological stress when you make a
presentation in front of an audience? If yes, what are those?
Inte rvie wee: Actually I used to for obvious reasons. During my first two years of under
graduation, at presentations I sort of cracked down a bit especially before the session
started. I would have this weird feeling inside me, used to start scratching my right cheek,
kept on tapping legs while being seated and listening to other presenters probably
because they were so good at it. This was more like a warm up of my anxieties. The main
problem started when I was presenting myself. At first I would stare at the audience and
speak as if I was a programmed robot without any expressions. I would look at the notes I
had on my hand as an excuse not to face the audience. By any chance if anybody from the
audience or the faculty members asked any simple question I would start stammering
even after knowing the answer. It was depressing, embarrassing and cost me some
grades as well. Some painful experiences I must tell. But this was a long time ago.
Inte rvie wer: If you suffer from anxiety while presenting, what are the main reasons
behind it
28

Inte rvie wee: I guess what actually bothered me was whether I would be able to match
the standards of other presenters or end up being a laughing stock in front of the entire
class. This fear of failing killed my self-confidence. Im still afraid of this but due to
practice and experience I guess I have learned ways of taming this fear.
Interviewer: What distracts you during presentations?
Inte rvie wee: When people walk around in between presentations it is very irritating even
today. Some years ago it was the audience especially them staring at me. Pairs of eyes
looking at me clearly expressing who was bored, who was annoyed, not impressed all the
negativity popped in my mind whenever the audience stared at me even though there was
not anything like that I hope. Another thing was the faculty members stare or close
observation. That intense look on the facultys face made me even more nervous. All
these things combined can easily make a distraction bomb.
Inte rvie wee: Yes it did and it still does. The only difference is back then I did not know
about manipulating or pursuing the audience but now even if it is a big crowd I guess I
know how to grab their attention and Im improving with each presentation and stage
hosting
the audience?
Inte rvie wee: I blame it on the pretty ladies. Sounds crazy but it works all the time.
Suppose I forgot something or I am about to start stammering a bit in between my
presentation; if a pretty lady is sitting amongst the audience I blame her to be so pretty
that I got nervous while presenting. Sounds very cheesy but this formula has been
working great so far. Adds humor, an immediate comeback from nervous zone plus gives
me momentum. You might also be wondering what if there are no women amongst the
audience. Luckily I havent faced any such situations yet; there has always been a pretty
lady during presentations and they love being praised. Fun fact is I always took all of
their permission beforehand and nobody denied so far. I wish I had been this confident
during my freshman year at least I would not have to give blank looks or stammer like a
goat during presentations.
Interviewer: What are some of the ways or techniques you use to keep your cool?
Inte rvie wee: I have this tendency of moving around during presentations and interacting
with the audience using both my hands to point out facts, possibilities etc which reflects
my confidence and I believe when the audience is aware that the presenter is confident
they wont be asking questions to intimidate the presenter and its quite natural. But
sometimes I did face some audience who prefer criticizing and at that moment on ones
presence of mind comes in handy. It is more of a survival of the answerer situation. At
such situations, I do lose my temper but that never helps its wiser to think constructively
in a short time and then answer to whoever that is intimidating.
Interviewer: Are they useful at all times?
29

Inte rvie wee: Being confident is like a natural barrier or shield from critics sitting among
the audience so it always works but in case of critical audiences sometimes luck goes in
their favor and sometimes in the favor of the presenter and there is also a third case
where there is no winner.
Inte rvie wee: You see the solutions are very individualistic and may vary from person to
person. The most common and easiest solution is reading books, journals etc but
everybody doesnt read books to be more precise enjoy reading books. I would say the
faculty member of any educational institution can help us(students) the most, guide us the
best, point out each and every flaw in our presenting skills and give us knowledge how to
never repeat our mistakes ever again especially during our initial development stages. If
we have a rock solid foundation, excelling further should not take much time. But for this,
the institutions must ensure that they hire top notch professionals as faculty member
which my institution has provided so far. Other minor solutions would be like holding
motivational speaking sessions where big shots can motivate students, organizing and
running full fledged debate clubs which actively practices healthy debating by inviting
each and every single student who needs to brush up their speaking capabilities rather
than those who are actually good at it. This would not only boost their confidence but
also encourage them, motivate them to learn the techniques, the tips and tricks o
excelling at verbal presentations. Such skills cannot be taught, one develops them
eventually through practice. These are some basic yet important solutions the university
can provide.
Inte rvie wer: What resources at our university can help you get over presentation
anxiety?
Inte rvie wee: Top notch faculty members for those who need extra guidance, 24x7 online
connectivity for those students who wish to access videos online that can train them about
these aspects maintaining their privacy if they feel shy or inconvenient about asking
others. NSU has it all.
Inte rvie wer: What role course teachers can play to help you overcome presentation
anxiety?
Inte rvie wee: Like I mentioned earlier how important a teacher can be in completely
taking out the presentation anxiety out of a student or any other problem. A teacher can
play the most vital role if s/he sincerely wants to. Nobody can push a student like a
teacher would.
Inte rvie wer: What role your fellow students can play to help you overcome presentation
anxiety?
Inte rvie wee: I dont think the so called fellow students help much. They are just
competition. Their strange behaviors would rather trigger any students presentation
anxiety as I mentioned earlier.
30

Inte rvie wee: Its a learning experience just go with the flow but in between they should
try to pick up the tips and tricks one might come across. It is okay to be scared but not to
stop. Push ahead no matter how much one stammers or embarrasses himself/herself in
front of the audience because after three or four miserable attempts they will succeed in
presenting like semi-professional. Once they realize they have performed well in their
presentation, their performance will set new bars and they will always try outing
themselves with each presentation. Forget presentation anxiety, giving presentations
would become an addiction.
Interviewer: Thank you so much or your time sir.
Interviewee: Thank you.
------------------End of Transcript------------------
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North South University

Center of Excellence in Higher Education

KH. Asef Safa Kabir

MD. Nur-Ul Alam [121 1005 030]

Saimun Islam [123 0920 630]

Nafisa Khan [133 0866 630]

School of Business and Economics

Bushra Islam [141 0004 030]

North South University

Subject: Letter of Transmittal

MD. Nur-Ul Alam

[121 1005 030]

[123 0920 630]

[133 0866 630]

[141 0004 030]

2. Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 5

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

1.2 Anxiety in verbal presentation in the context of Business Communication:

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

1.3 Key Objectives of the search:

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

2.2 Findings obtained from Literature Review:

2.2.1 Personal Characteristics:

2.2.2 Presentation Skills:

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

2.2.3 Audience & Instructor:

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

3.2 Reasons behind the use of such methods:

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

4.2 What the findings indicate:

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

3. Akindele, D. &Trennepohl, B. (2014). Breaking the culture of silence: Teaching

5. Chuang, Y. Y. (2009). A study of College EFL Students' affective reactions and

9. King, J. (2002). Preparing EFL learners for oral presentations

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

21. Wolfe, A. (2008). Oral presentations in marketing courses: Students' attitudes

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Interviewer: Does the size of the audience make you nervous?

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

INTERVIEW EXCERPT (PARTICIPANT 2)

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

INTERVIEW EXCERPT (PARTICIPANT 4)

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

Anxiety in Verbal Presentation: Causes and Remedies

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