Ligutan 1

Calamba: City of Industrial Growth, Peaceful Hometown and National Pride

Dino Dominic Ligutan

Basengl
Mr. Jun Bautista
December 3, 2012

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An Assessment of Calambas Public Facilities

Calamba city is a component city in Laguna province and is one of the oldest
established cities in southern Luzon. It was the hometown of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine
national hero and also the home of hot spring resorts making it the Resort Capital of the
Philippines. Calambas industrialization has seen growth throughout the years, mostly in
Canlubang, but most of its villages are set far away from industry. With that said, Calamba is
a good place to invest living at, as its villages are far from industrial parks, making it suitable
for peaceful living, but comes a price of being somewhat secluded. The villages in western
part are the most secluded ones and so difficulty in transportation arises. Another problem
within these villages was the lack of street lights, making them very fearful and insecure
during night time. Looking at the citys national highways, the lack of functional traffic lights
is of concern as it causes heavy and disorganized traffic among Mayapa and Checkpoint
junction. Another factor that causes heavy traffic during weekday morning was the bridges
nearby junctions; they are narrowly constructed, resulting in a choked flow of traffic. The
problems of road construction in Siranlupa, barangay Canlubang is noted because, again the
location is almost secluded but it is equally important that it must have the proper road built
for ease of vehicular travel as with other villages. With these observations, the lack of proper
and functioning public facilities is a common problem of these situations. Within the past five
years, there was no significant improvement with these facilities as it seemed that the local
government was ignorant of its peoples needs. It is suggested that the local government
should prioritize the improvement of Calambas public facilities.
Despite the current development in transportation facilities, the problem still persists
in the western Calamba, particularly the barangays Palo-alto, Hornalan and Laguerta. The
western barangays are considered one of the most secluded places in Calamba City, reflecting
to the fact that they are classified as rural, making transportation somehow an issue. Though

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the reorganized transportation facilities at the barangay Mayapa makes it easy to get into the
said barangays, leaving from these barangays are otherwise significantly difficult. Because of
the said difficulty, people within these villages or subdivision have to walk at least a
kilometre to barangay Majada Out in order to avail the transportation services just to get to
barangay Mayapa. Now, walking with such distance especially during weekday mornings is
not at all practical because of these primary reasons: it could cost you being late in school or
office and it may cause you to end up sweaty. Another thing of concern was just about two
years ago, the jeepney operators had forbidden the tricycle operators to take out passengers
within barangay Palo-alto, further complicating the modes of transportation. 1 The jeepney
operators had an ungrounded reason; they claim that the tricycle operators are taking away
their passengers, which in effect lessens their income. With these situations, the problem is
narrowed down as a lack of a well defined transportation terminal that solely operates at the
said barangays. It is suggested that at every barangay, there is at least one defined
transportation terminal that should effectively address the growing needs of transportation as
the population within these barangays are increasing. In order to construct such transportation
terminals, the financial aid of the local government is necessary with the collaboration of the
jeepney and tricycle operators, to properly layout the routes to achieve efficient transportation
modes.
The lack of street lights among these barangays is another major issue. It was no less than
about five years ago when the street lights among barangay Palo-altos subdivision was
uninstalled because of later disagreement in its monthly due payment obligation among
homeowners. With the following years, there was a significant increase of cases like night
time thief or robbery and subsequent difficulty of traversing the roads leading to these
barangays during night time, either with walking or in a vehicle. Furthermore, there were
reported three recent vehicular accidents just this year; the latest one was just last month,

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along the bridge adjoining barangay Majada Out and Palo-alto. It was found out that the lack
of street lighting along these roads was one of the factors that lead to the accident, with the
other as ill-constructed road that contains a deep side gutter. It is important to note that the
necessity of street lights especially in night time is utmost importance, even though the
barangays are classified as rural, to reduce risks of accidents and to make the residence more
secure and better. With this well-defined problem, the solution is well-defined as well; the
homeowners concerned must seek assistance from the municipality in order to re-install the
street lights along the road joining barangay Majada Out and Palo-alto (including the bridge),
as well as within the barangay Palo-altos villages. With a properly installed functioning
street lights, the cases of night time robbery and vehicular accidents can be reduced
significantly and it would help to ease out traversing through these barangays during night
time. Up to now, no street lights are in operation, however, according to the meeting held at
the homeowner presidents house, being able to re-install street lights is one of their
considerations but no date was specified when it would be done. In order to address the
problem of night time robbery, the homeowners, however, took a step to hire a security guard
in duty during night time only.2
Looking into Calambas national highways, road control measures and construction are to be
of concern. Though major points of intersection or junction in many cities are commonly
installed with traffic signals they are still inadequate because they lack to provide display
phase exclusive for pedestrians. (Sigua 6) During weekday mornings, it is inevitable that the
flow of vehicles on the Mayapa junction leading to Majada Out is really slow. It is
understandable and reasonable that the main cause is attributed to morning activities such as
students going to school and workers going to their respective companies. Yes, such activities
are very essential to the functioning of community, so we would not concern ourselves here.
It turns out that the road construction itself is a problem, not to mention the bridge nearby.

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Another thing of concern was the lack of road control measures, in particular, a functional
street light in these junctions. Without these devices controlling the traffic flow at the
junction, driving would become riskier because of frequent swerving. (Sigua 6) In the
barangay Mayapa-Majada Out road junction, there is unavoidable slow traffic flow mainly
because of two factors; the lack of proper road control equipment and the narrowly
constructed bridge that connects barangay Mayapa and Canlubang. It is an everyday scenario
that the vehicular flow from barangay Canlubang to Mayapa is always almost stagnant and to
some extent it forces the passengers to walk ahead, just to pass the bridge and the junction.
Other passengers are taking alternative routes, such as in the Canlubang Terminal, just to
avoid the traffic in the national highway road. As to current progress, there is an ongoing
rehabilitation of the road and the bridge along these highways, but it took just too long
enough to finish, causing further heavy traffic every morning. It is believed that as soon as
the rehabilitation is gone, the issue of traffic would be addressed somehow but I am
suggesting that the local government must provide the necessary action to install proper road
control equipments, such as traffic light in the junction and traffic signage to effectively
minimize the knotted traffic situation in the Mayapa-Majada Out junction.
Another major national road affected by that same traffic problem was in barangay
Paciano Rizal-Parian junction, better known as Checkpoint junction. Again, the problem is
almost the same as in the junction mentioned above, namely: the nearby narrowly constructed
bridge adjoining barangay Paciano Rizal and Parian and the lack of proper road control
equipments. Every morning, there is an unavoidable accumulation of vehicles that goes from
Paciano Rizal to Parian route as well as Parian to Paciano Rizal route. It is noticeable why the
nearby bridge joining Paciano Rizal to Parian is one of the major causes of traffic because of
its ill-constructed width. The narrowly constructed bridge causes the choked traffic flow, akin
to a pipe constriction, with subsequent slow down as one heads to Paciano Rizal. The bridge

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is part of the National Highway so it is subject to heavy flow of traffic and it is the most
accessible route going from Calamba poblacion to barangay Canlubang. Another one was the
lack of functioning traffic light, because the installed traffic light is not operational anymore
and it seemed just as a dcor. The nearby cities such as Cabuyao are still compliant with the
standard of road control measures, but it seems that Calamba city is laxed on implementation
of the said standard. Within the checkpoint area, it is suggested that the local government
must invest on its rehabilitation, in particular the bridge, just as what was being done on the
Mayapa-Majada Out junction; it is one of the major roads in the Philippines and so it rightly
deserves the attention of improvement. Again, the instalment of functioning road control
equipments must be given consideration for effective minimization of traffic problems.
And lastly, the issue of road construction on Siranlupa, Canlubang must be brought
forth. Though, the road is not so crucial at all, it is one of the major pathways of the people of
Kapayapaan village into Canlubang Terminal and Mayapa. As we well know, the non
concreted roads tends to be a problem during rainy seasons; it causes difficulty of travel as
the soil gets muddy, to the extent of rendering a vehicle unable to get off the bog. I believe
that even though Siranlupa is somehow secluded, it still deserves equal treatment and
prioritization because after all, it is all for the communitys benefit. Another facility that
needs utmost attention is the constructed wooden bridge joining barangay Majada Out and
Siranlupa. It can be shown that wooden bridges are very frail and must be maintained
regularly and furthermore, it is somehow fearful and unreliable to cross. With these problems
in Siranlupa, I insist that again, the local government must provide financial support for the
improvement of Siranlupas roads and pavements and for the rehabilitation and cementation
of the said wooden bridge so as to ease travelling and improve security along its roads.
With the above discussion, it is clear enough to see that Calamba still needs its public
facilities be improved, especially among the most secluded barangays. The issue of

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transportation and street lighting is very important to be unravelled in order to increase public
accessibility, safety and security. When it comes to the most urbanized barangays, the
problems of road construction and traffic order must be given immediate solution as they are
being utilized frequently by its people. This has to be done in order to increase the efficiency
of the services these roads offer for the well-being of the city as a whole. These situations call
for the intervention and action of the authority; to respond to the needs of its people. For the
people of the most secluded barangays, they must seek collaboration of jeepney and tricycle
operators and settle their disputes to establish a transportation terminal that shall solely
operate for each of these barangays with, of course, the financial aid of the local government.
The homeowners within the same barangays must seek assistance from the local government
for the re-installation of street lights to reduce accidents and increase security. Still, the local
government must initiate it and provide the necessity of these people. With the national
highways, the local government can act directly and rightly so, they must give attention to
widen the bridges and install the traffic lights among the major junctions. With this we
suggest that the local government must give prioritization of the improvement of Calambas
public facilities especially at the rural barangays.

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Calamba City: A Tribute to Jose Rizal and Home of Spring Resorts

Calamba city is a component city in Laguna province and is one of the oldest
established cities in southern Luzon. It was the hometown of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine
national hero and also the home of hot spring resorts making it the Resort Capital of the
Philippines. Calambas industrialization has seen growth throughout the years, mostly in
Canlubang, with its village set far from industry as well. With that said, Calamba is a good
place to invest living at, as its villages are far from industrial parks, making it suitable for
peaceful living. Calamba has several important landmarks which portrays the undisputed role
of the city to our national hero, Jose Rizal. These landmarks include the Rizal Shrine at the
towns heart, the nearby St. John the Baptist Church and the tallest Rizal monument in front
of Calamba City Hall complex. Another landmark that embodies the citys acquisition of its
name was the big clay pot Banga near the Rizal Shrine. The hot spring resorts at Calamba
are good places for pleasure and relaxation in a case of temporarily escaping the pressures of
life. Indeed, Calamba as a whole is city of tribute to Jose Rizal, our national hero; as well as
the best place for pleasure and relaxation for stress relief.
As stated earlier, Calamba city is a component city in Laguna whose name was
derived from the phrase kalan-banga, which means earthen jar. In its early days, the city
was part of the now known Cabuyao, until it was separated as a pueblo on August 28, 1742.
By virtue of Republic Act 9024 signed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Calamba
became a component city on April 21, 2001. Calamba is consisted of 54 barangays; 37 of
which are urban and 17 are rural. As of 2010, Calambas population was estimated to be
380,000, in which almost 90% are Roman Catholics. (The Official Website of the City of
Calamba)
Jose Rizal, who wrote articles and books that revolutionized the Filipino people, was
the Philippine national hero. He was one of the key people that led the Philippines free from

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Spanish oppression. Because of his important contribution, the Calamba city seized the
opportunity to promote its tourism by showcasing its landmarks that proves its connection.
One will find the Rizal Shrine, the most faithful replica of Rizals original house, be its
location and structure. The house that we see now is not the original ancestral one; it was
destroyed during the World War II. President Quirino ordered the reconstruction of the house
under the architect Juan Nakpil and was inaugurated in 1950. (The Official Website of the
City of Calamba) The only surviving part of the ancestral house was the deep well, which
was never forgotten by the tourists and visitors as it was turned into a wishing well. Within its
vicinity, there is a bahay kubo which was said to be the young Rizals playing house.
Added to its collection was a sculpture of a young Rizal with his pet dog. There is a nearby
museum to the west of the Rizal Shrine, which showcases the collection of important items,
such as clothes, wall paintings and books that belongs to Rizal family. It is a portrayal of the
whole family of Rizal as evidenced by these items. Altogether, the whole area occupied by
the Rizal Shrine deserves the utmost importance of preservation as it is the most faithful
symbolism of Calambas undisputed contribution to a finest expression of our Filipino race,
Jose Rizal.
Nearby the Rizal Shrine, one can find the St. John the Baptist Church, the church
were our national hero was baptized three days after birth. The church was established in
1859 and was one of the major churches in the city. The church suffered damages during the
Japanese occupation but it was rebuilt and preserved by the efforts of Fr. Dimaculangan. As
one enters the church, one will see Rizals original baptismal record, preserved and
refurbished. (Layug 115) On the church yard, one will find a replica of Garden of
Gethsemane, station of the cross and grotto. During mass sermons, our national hero is
mentioned to let the visitors know the churchs historical significance. It is no doubt that St.
John the Baptist Church, a declared National Historic Landmark, is a must-see for tourist and

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visitors; it is a tribute in its wholeness to our national hero, Jose Rizal. The Rizal Shrine
together with St. John the Baptist Church resides at Calambas poblacion, sitting near to the
old Municipality Hall which was converted into the City College of Calamba. Because of the
colleges vicinity to the said landmarks, students should have a solid knowledge of Calambas
history in connection to Jose Rizals life.
Moving onto the newly built Municipality Hall, one will find the tallest Rizal statue in
the world. The new Municipality Hall, altogether with the plaza that contains the statue forms
the City Hall Complex, located at barangay Real. It was inaugurated by President Benigno
Aquino III on June 19, 2011, the exact 150th year of Rizals birthday. The statue was the
tallest for our national hero to date; it measure 22 feet high from its pedestal base, (The
Official Website of the City of Calamba) approximately equivalent to 4-storey building. It
was a bronze statue mounted on a concrete pedestal platform surrounded by 15 steps of stairs
on all sides on a 6.7 hectare lot. Besides unveiling of the statue, there were a lot of activities
and festivities to commemorate the 150th year of Rizal. With the construction and
inauguration of the statue, it proved the importance of Rizals contribution to the country by
the Calambeos, a true symbolism of his greatness and Calambas enduring adoration of her
finest child. In fact, it is surprising what the young Rizal envisioned, saying, Someday
people will make statues of me; (Zaide and Zaide 22) the statue marks as one of the greatest
fulfilment of Rizals vision.
Moving on to the history of the city itself, the clay pot Banga embodies the tale of
how the city got its name. Looking out on Rizal Shrines windows, you will find Banga,
because of its vicinity to the church and the shrine itself. Banga is a well-known Calamba
landmark and it is the citys official symbol. According to the Official Website of the City of
Calamba, the landmark was constructed in 1937 and it was a giant 12-meter high clay pot
with impressed names of citys barangays in a form of a map, situated at the old town plaza.

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Banga was built to portray the nature of the citys name origin, be to its people or visitors and
tourist. According to the legend, there were two Guardia Civil or Spanish soldiers that were
lost to the city. They met a young lady who carried a kalan (clay stove) and banga (clay
pot) to whom they asked the name of the place. The young woman, thinking that she was
being asked of what she carried uttered, kalan-banga. From what the young woman uttered
came the word Kalambanga as the name of the place, which later on was shortened to
Calamba. (The Official Website of the City of Calamba) From the aforementioned legend,
one can realize the symbolism that Banga embodies to the citys history and name and its
depiction of the primary livelihood of its people during the Spanish times.
If you are looking for a place for pleasure and relaxation during vacation, Calamba is
a good place to visit. Calamba was hailed as the Resort Capital of the Philippines,
harbouring at least 100 resorts mostly in barangays Pansol, Bagong Kalsada and Bucal. (The
Official Website of the City of Calamba) These barangays are adjacent to Los Baos, where
the Mt. Makiling resides; the hot spring resorts serves as vents for Mt. Makiling. Much of
these resorts have an awesome view of Mt. Makiling; it is one of the resorts takeaways of
giving its customers an exhilarating view of nature. One can find a lot of public resort where
you may enjoy for yourself at a low cost or rent a private one where you with your family
may stay for an overnight reunion. As the summer season comes, Calamba is becoming more
populated as people from different parts of the country takes the opportunity the citys nature
offers. So, the next time you are planning for a place to relax or for a reunion, take no second
thought to visit Calambas numerous hot spring resorts offering the best accommodations
with modern facilities in the country.
With the festivals and special events, the first was the celebration of cityhood of
Calamba, held during April 21. It is commemorated with a caracol contest with a week-long
presentation showcasing its peoples talents. The next one is held during May 30 about the

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Feast Day of Pansol, celebrated with competitions, such as Dance Contest, Battle of the
Bands, Talent and Beauty Contest and other traditional local games. Calamba holds a local
celebration of Independence Day on June 12 to commemorate the patriotism of Filipino
heroes, especially of Rizals memory. On the same month, on the 19th day, the city is
remembering the birthday of our national hero with its floral offerings, float contest that
depicts the life and works of Rizal and much more various activities. Again on the same
month of the 24th day is the Feast of St. John the Baptist by the citys poblacion. August 28 is
dedicated for celebrating the Town Foundation of Calamba as it separated from Cabuyao in
1742. As the year ends, in December 30, a tribute to the sacrifice of our national hero is
remembered by a floral wreath offering and a lecture of Rizals deeds. (The Official Website
of the City of Calamba)
No city ever compares to the undisputed and very important contribution of Calamba
to our national hero, Jose Rizal. With the landmarks around the citys poblacion, one will
realize how its people cherished the great deeds of our national hero, expressing her adoration
to its finest child ever born. Indeed, Calamba itself is the most faithful expression of Rizals
life, as evidenced by preservation of his Shrine and the construction of his tallest statute,
backed by items and documents. But, besides cherishing the life of our national hero,
Calamba city also provides the best offers of hot spring resorts, making it suitable for visitors
alike to relax and reunite with the family. With this we end, Calamba is a city of tribute to
Rizal complemented with as a hailed place for pleasure and relaxation in relieving stresses of
life.

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Looking into Calambas Societal Conditions

Calamba city is a component city in Laguna province and is one of the oldest
established cities in southern Luzon. It was the hometown of Dr. Jose Rizal, the Philippine
national hero and also the home of hot spring resorts making it the Resort Capital of the
Philippines. Calambas industrialization has seen growth throughout the years, mostly in
Canlubang, with its village set far from industry as well. With that said, Calamba is a good
place to invest living at, as its villages are far from industrial parks, making it suitable for
peaceful living. The best of these villages lies within barangays Majada Out, Majada In and
Palo-alto as they are almost secluded but peaceful places to invest living at. The newly
developed and frequently advertised villages are set mostly within the aforementioned
barangays. With these in mind, we shall look on to the community within these places as they
are the most likely destination of migrants from other cities, seeking for a new residence. On
the other hand, barangays Mayapa, Paciano Rizal, Parian and Real are heavily populated with
its busy streets as the national highway goes through them. In overview of looking into the
societal conditions of these barangays, its people on average are neither that ill-fated nor
opulent. Upon observation, most of the peoples basic commodities are fulfilled and at the
same time are educated enough making them capable of acquiring a technical skill-based jobs
or at least owning a small business. Despite somehow rustic life of its people, we see that
majority of them are not that impecunious as to compare with the unfortunate people of
Manila and somehow are capable of comprehending technological pace.
First we shall have a look into the citys demography, the statistical analysis and
description of the citys population with respect to distribution, age, sex and other related
factors. (Agpaoa and Sanchez 31) The Official Website of the City of Calamba reports that
there are about 360,000 inhabitants as of the latest census on August 2007 with an annual
growth of 3.48%. Barangay Canlubang remains as the most populous due to loads of

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economic opportunities, comprising about 15.16% of the population followed by Mayapa,

Parian, San Cristobal and Real, whilst Mabato has the least percentage of population.
Barangay Canlubang, being the largest barangay, harbours at least two industrial parks which
make it as one of the centres of industrial growth throughout the city, with Mayapa as the
residence of most of its workforce. Mobility and transiency is an important trend which
accelerated the movement of people from rural, such as Mabato, to urban places such as
Canlubang and Mayapa. (Agpaoa and Sanchez 45)
As with commodities, most of the people are living in a village or subdivision
allowing them to have the basic family needs of shelter, water and electricity. There are a few
exceptions: there is a lack of water supply at the Executive Village in barangay Palo-alto
because there were very few inhabitants of the said village3 and there were no power lines in
the Canlubang proper probably because of few residents too. But contrary to what one would
expect, the places that lacked some commodities were not the least fortunate; in fact, most of
the least fortunate have their basic needs fulfilled as they reside at villages with low-cost
housing. Among the rural areas, vast areas of land are utilized for plantation which provides
additional crops and vegetables which are grown by traditional methods, providing adequacy
of food among its people. Therefore, as one survey along the roads of rural barangays, it is
not obvious to find the least unfortunate ones as they are sheltered in a village which provides
their basic needs and commodities.
With respect to education, the literacy rate of Calamba is at 98.19%, the highest
among the cities of Laguna province. Calamba has a relatively young population, 58.29% of
which lies in the age bracket 0-24 of which 38.95% comprises the ages of schooling (5-21).
Accordingly, 14.37% finished elementary, 36.56% had at least reached high school, 16.11%
have college education and 7.86% have finished college degrees. There are about 400 formal
educational institutions of which 228 are private and 172 are public. (The Official Website of

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the City of Calamba) Looking into the number of educational institutions, we can say that
there must be at least one school per barangay. This fact is true even to the least inhabited
barangay Mabato which have a national high school. The Calamba City College lies within
the poblacion in which most of the college students from rural barangays are enrolled. Most
of the technical and vocational schools within the city lies in barangay Canlubang. It is
common to see a lot of elementary students walking along the national highways even along
the roads of rural barangays, as it seemed that education is accessible to almost every child of
Calamba. The availability of a public educational institution within each barangay makes it
possible for even the least fortunate to have their child educated.
The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law, enacted during the Aquino administration,
has called on the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program which aimed for an equitable
land ownership for the benefit of farmers. But the Ramos administration did not prioritized
the program and was lax of the said law implementation, resulting in relentless and ruthless
conversion of agricultural lands for industrial uses, particularly at provinces of Cavite,
Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon. Furthermore, the former President Aquino launched the
Calabarzon Project which aimed to promote export-oriented industrialization in Calabarzon,
identifying the province of Cavite and Laguna as the most suitable areas for capital
investment. (Bautista and Umehara 289) These factors had a major contribution to the
formation of industrial estates on Calamba, providing enough job opportunity for the citys
inhabitants. Most of the job seekers in the city do not need to get too far; they will find
themselves employed within the citys industrial estates. Besides the industrial estates, one
will find lots of small businesses along the national highway in barangay Paciano Rizal and
Parian adding further to the opportunities for a skilled worker. From these we see that much
of the population of labour force are in no matter unemployed; there are always lot of
opportunities for differing skilled people of Calamba.

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As we can note, Calambas people are indeed not that unfortunate in comparison to some of
the Manilas squatter areas; they have an access to basic needs and commodities of shelter,
water and electricity with few exceptions and with adequate supply of crops and vegetation.
It ranked as the city with the highest literacy rate in the province of Laguna as evident of how
most of the children are able to enrol or at least attain high school education. Due to
education, most of the citys inhabitants are able to acquire technical skills making the whole
population of workforce competent, adding to the fact that there are a lot of small businesses
owned along the barangays of industrial growth. Indeed, Calamba city is not that poor at all
but its growth is channelled to its industry, making it deserving to be as city of industrial
growth with the fact that even most of its people live in rural way of life are capable of
pacing with technology and are a competent workforce.

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Endnotes

1 There was

a dispute between the jeepney operators and tricycle operators as to whom should the
people of Palo-alto must use as a mode of transportation. Because the jeepneys that pass through
Palo-alto are always full of passengers from the originating barangays, the people of Palo-alto opted
to use the tricycle as a mode of transportation. But, the jeepney operators banned the tricycle
operators to take passengers from Palo-alto, complicating the modes of transportation. The people
of Palo-alto disagreed and there was an ongoing negotiation with the jeepney operators. So far, they
only allow tricycle operators that lives or originated from Palo-alto.

2 The very reason

for hiring a security guard for night time duty was due to strangers that often
cause trouble. One of the homeowners reported that her dog pet was poisoned, probably to suppress
the noise the dog makes. It is suggestive that the person or a group who did that had planned a
robbery to neighbourhood. The homeowners called for an immediate meeting to reduce the night
time brigandage. The hiring of a security guard and a plan for re-installation of street lights were the
proposed solution.

3 In fact, the Executive Village housing was for the rich people and initially it had a complete set of

village features such as two water tanks, guardhouse and etc. But due to the fact of its high-cost
housing, its residents remained very few and gradually decreased for the next years. Sooner,
because of few residents, the water supply contractors pulled out their services because of the lack
of funds for maintaining their water supply facilities.