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KIM 1236
EXPERIMENT REPORT
By :
Ni Luh Ika Sanjiwani
1513031002
1513031012
1513031014
1513031019
Experiment Report
1. Title
The Influence of the Concentration and the Temperature toward the Rate of the
Reaction
2. Objectives
To determine the influence of the concentration and the temperature toward the rate of
the reaction
3. Basic Theory
The rate of the reaction states that many of the chemical reactions which take place
per unit of time. The rate of the reaction is influenced by several factors namely
concentration and temperature. The concentration has a very important role that is
causing the reaction rate becomes more quickly. It is usually true that by increasing the
amount of reactants, the rate of reaction increase. The increasing of reactants
concentration increases the number of molecules.
The temperature also affects the rate of the reaction. The increasing the temperature
of a system increases the average kinetic energy of its constituent particles. As the
average kinetic energy increases, the particles move faster, so they collide more
frequently per unit time and possess greater energy when they collide. Both of these
factors increase the reaction rate. Hence the reaction rate of virtually all reactions
increases with the increasing of temperature.
4. Materials and Equipments
A. Materials
No
Name of Materials
Concentration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1M
1.8 M
2M
Hydrochloric acid solution (HCl)
3M
6M
Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)
1M
Distillate water
Zinc
Oxalic acid (H2C2O4)
0.05 M
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
1M
Potassium permanganate solution 0.01 M
(KMnO4)
Total
Volume/Mass
30 mL
30 mL
30 mL
30 mL
30 mL
20 mL
30 mL
4 grams
5 mL
5 mL
10 drops
B. Equipment
No
1
Name of Equipment
Size
50 mL
Total
4 pieces
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Volumetric flask
Beaker glass
Balloon
Test tube
Stopwatch
Test tube clamp
Balancer
100 mL
10 mL
25 mL
400 mL
-
4 pieces
1 piece
1 piece
1 piece
4 pieces
4 pieces
1 piece
1 piece
1 piece
5. Procedure :
5.1.
Into the flask A, 10 mL of HCl 2 M was added and the flask. Stopwatch is turned
on when HCl is poured and the stopwatch is stopped when the turbidity
appeared .
1. Two tubes was inserted the solution H2C2O4 0.05 M and the solution H2SO4 1 M
each of as much as 2 mL and 1 mL
2. KMnO4 solution 0.01 M was added as much as 5 drops on the first tube (Time
recorded since the addition of KMnO4 until the colour was not shown again)
3. The second tube was soaked with hot water ( 500 C) for 1 minute and then 5
drops KMnO4 0.01 M was added to the second tube. (time recorded since the
addition of KMnO4 until the color was not shown again)
6. Result
6.1.
Time (s)
4.320
1.582
40
30
6.2.
Time (s)
7
10
11
Tube
Temperature (o C)
30
2
7. Discussion
50
Time (s)
927
32
In this experiment was done by two experiments there were the effect of concentration
and the effect temperature on the reaction rate. In the first experiment was an experiment
about the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. In this experiment, the effect of
concentration was performed by two types of experiments there were the reaction
between zinc and hydrochloric acid and the reaction between sodium thiosulphate and
hydrochloric acid. In the reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid, 1 gram of zinc was
inserted into the balloon, then the balloons were mounted on a flask that contained HCl.
Balloons needed to be tied using a rubber band so that the gas that produced from the
reaction did not leak so that the time required for the balloon stood in line with the rate of
reaction of zinc with hydrochloric acid in various concentrations of HCl. In this
experiment, the time required for the balloon to be able to stand up was faster by adding
the concentration of HCl used. This is because a solution with a high molarity contained
more molecules so that the collisions between particles will be more or the gases that
were formed will be more so that the time it takes for the balloon stood quickly. The
reaction in this experiment is as follows :
Zn( s )+2 HCl(aq ) ZnCl 2 + H 2
(aq )
( g)
In the reaction between sodium thiosulphate with hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) , the time
that was required to change the solution became turbid will be slower of increasing the
volume of distilled water were added . This happened because the more distilled water
were added to the dilution performed will also be more so that the concentration of
sodium thiosulphate became smaller . If the concentration of the solution was smaller, the
molecules contained in the solution was less that caused collisions that occured were
smaller and caused a reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid became
slower. The reaction on this experiment is as follows :
Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + H2O(l) + SO2(s)
In the second experiment, namely the influence of temperature on the rate of reaction.
The H2C2O4 solution 0.05 M and The H2SO4 solution 1 M as much as 2 mL and 1 mL into
two test tubes. 5 drops of 0.01 M KMnO4 solution was added to the first tube.
Meanwhile, a second test tube was soaked in hot water for 1 minute, then 5 drops of
KMnO4 0.01 M was added. The time required to remove the color purple in the second
test tube was faster than the first test tube. The first test tube took 2 minutes 52 seconds
and the second test tube took 32 seconds to remove the color purple in the second
solution. It is caused by the increasing temperature, the kinetic energy of the particles
became larger. Molecules that collided must have a kinetic energy greater than the
activation energy to produce effective impact. Kinetic energy increased at the increasing
temperature causing the motion of the particles became faster, so that the possibility of
collision also became larger. In addition, the increasing in temperature also increases the
potential energy of a substance.
8. Conclusion
Based on the experimental results and the discussion above , the conclusion can be
written as follows :
1. If the concentration of the reacting substances ( reactants ) gets greater, then the time
required for the reaction is faster and causes the reaction rate is also growing fast,
otherwise the smaller ( thinner) reactant concentration the longer the time required for
the reaction so the reaction rate will be slower .
2. If the temperature the higher the kinetic energy of the particles will increase so that
the collisions between the particles will have enough energy to exceed the activation
energy . In other words , molecules that collided must have a kinetic energy is greater
than the activation energy to produce effective impact . So that if the temperature gets
higher , the reaction rate becomes faster .
9. References
Subagia, I Wayan dan Suheimi Syaban. 2004. Materi Praktikum Kimia Dasar I.
Singaraja: Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Negeri Singaraja.
Chang,Raymond.2005.Kimia
Dasar
Konsep-konsep
Inti
Edisi
Ketiga
Time (s)
4.320
1.582
40
30
3.2.
Tube
Time (s)
7
10
11
Time
30o C
927
50o C
33
Name of students :