You are on page 1of 7

Fourier Cosine and Sine transforms

Consider the Fourier cosine integral representation of a function f(x)


f ( x)

f (t )cos st cos sx dtds ,

x0

0 0

2 2

f
(
t
)cos
st
dt

cos sx ds
0 0

Let Fc f ( x)
Then f ( x)

f (t )cos st dt

Fc (s )....(1)

F f ( x) cos sx ds

.......(2)

The transform Fc{ f ( x)} defined by (1) is called the Fourier cosine transform of
f(x).The formula (2) is called the inverse Fourier cosine transform of
Fc{ f ( x)} Fc (s) and is denoted by f ( x) Fc1 Fc ( s ). Similarly, using the
Fourier sine integral representation of f(x) given by

2
f ( x) f (t )sin st sin sx dt ds, we can define the Fourier sine transform of f(x)
00
denoted by Fs f ( x) as Fs f ( x)

f (t )sin st dt F (s)
s

Then the inverse Fourier sine transform of Fs ( s) is defined as


1
s

f ( x) F {Fs ( s)}

F (s)sin sx ds
s

Definition: A function f(x) is said to be self reciprocal under Fourier cosine (sine)
transform if Fc f ( x) f (s)
Fs f ( x) f (s)
Properties of Fourier cosine/ sine transforms
(1) Both Fourier cosine and sine transforms are linear.

Fc{c1f (x) c 2g(x)} c1Fc{f (x)} c 2 Fc{g(x)}


Fs{c1f (x) c 2g(x)} c1Fs{f (x)} c 2 Fs{g(x)} where c1 and c 2 are cons tan ts
1
(2). Fc{f (x)cosax} Fc (s a) Fc (s a)
2
1
Fc{f (x)sin ax} Fs (s a) Fs (a s)
2
1
(3). Fs {f (x)cosax} Fs (s a) Fs (s a)
2
1
Fs{f (x)sin ax} Fc (s a) Fs (s a)
2
The proof of (2) and (3) follows directly from trigonometric identities.
1
(4). Fc{f (ax)} Fc (s / a)
a
1
Fs{f (ax)} Fs (s / a)
a
(5). If f (x) 0 as x , then
2
f (0) s Fs (s)

Fs{f (x)} s Fc (s)

Fc{f (x)}

2
Pr oof : Consider Fc{f (x)}
f (x)cossx dx
0

Integrating by parts, we get

FC f '( x)
f ( x) cos sx |0 f ( x) sin sx ( s)dx

0 f (0) s f ( x) sin sx dx

sFS f ( x)

f (0) provided f ( x) 0 as x

Also,

FS f '( x)

f '( x)sin sx dx
0

Integrating by parts, we get

FS f '( x)
f
(
x
)
sin
sx
|

f
(
x
)
cos
sx
(
s
)
dx

0
0

sF
(
s
)

sFC ( s).
C

2

(6) FC f ''( x)

FS f ''( x)

f '(0) s 2 FC ( s)

sf (0) s 2 FS ( s)

provided f ( x) and f '( x) 0 as x


(7) FC xf ( x)

FC f ( x) FC (s), FC g ( x) GC ( s ),

If
(8)

then

FS f ( x) FS (s) and FS g ( x) GS ( s) exist,

FC (s) GC (s) ds FS (s) GS (s) ds f ( x) g ( x)dx


0

and

dFS
dF
and FS xf ( x) C
ds
ds

FC ( s) ds FC ( s) ds f ( x) dx
2

which is called Parsivals identity.

Problems:

(1) Find FC e ax , FS e ax and hence find FC xe ax

and F xe
ax

Solution: By definition,

FC e

ax

ax

cos sx dx

2 e ax
2
a

a
cos
sx

s
sin
sx

,a 0

2
2
a 2 s 2

s
0

FS e

ax

ax

sin sx dx

2 e ax
2
s

a
sin
sx

s
cos
sx

, a 0.

2
2
a2 s2

s
0
Therefore,

FC xe

ax

d
d 2
s
2 a2 s2
ax
ds FS e ds a 2 s 2 (a 2 s 2 )2

FS xe ax

2).

d
d 2
a
2
2as
FC e ax

ds
ds a 2 s 2
(a 2 s 2 ) 2

Find Fc e a x & Fs xe a x .
2 2

2 2

Solution : We have from definition,

a2 x2

Fc e

2 a2 x2
2 a 2 x2 isx
a2 x2

e
cos
sxdx

e
e
dx

F
e
0
0

s2

1 4 a2

e
2a

Fs xe

a2 x2

s
s
2
d
d 1 4 a2
s
a2 x2
4a
Fc e

e
e

2 2a 3
ds
ds 2a

Note that
x
1
a2 x2
for a
, Fc e
Fc e 2
2

&

Fs xe

e
xe

x2
2

x2
2

a2 x2

x
Fs xe 2

s
e 2

xe 2 .

is self reciprocal under Fourier cosine transform and

is self reciprocal under Fourier sine transform .


Find Fc x a1 & Fs x a1 ,0 a 1.

3)

Consider x a 1e isx dx;


0

Let isx y or dx

dy
. Then
is

x
0

a 1 isx

dx

is

i 2 (a)
( a )
a ( a )
0 y e dy i a s a (i) s a e s a
a 1 y

a ( a )
a ( a )
cos a i sin a
2 s
2 s

Thus

a ( a )
a ( a )
cos sxdx i x a 1 cos sxdx cos a i sin a
2 s
2 s
0
0
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get

a 1

2 a 1
2 ( a )
a
Fc x
x cos sxdx
cos and
a

0
s
2
a 1

2 a 1
2 ( a ) a
Fs x
x
sin
sxdx

sin .
0
sa
2
a 1

Note:

1 1
1
1
For a , Fc x a 1 Fc
Fs
2
s
2
x
x

is self reciprocal under Fourier sine and cosine transforms.


x
Note:

2
Consider Fc f ( x)
f ( x)cos sxdx Fc ( s ).
0

2
Then f ( x) Fc Fc ( s)
Fc ( s)cos sxds (1)
0
1

Interchanging s and x in (1), we get

2
f (s)
Fc ( x)cos sxdx Fc Fc ( s )
0

Similarly, if Fs f ( x) Fs ( s) then, Fs Fs ( s) f ( s).

4)

Find

1
x
Fc
and
F
.

s
2
2
1 x
1 x
Solution: We have shown that
Fc e ax

2
a
Fc ( s ).
a2 s2

a
2

Fc Fc ( x) Fc
e as .
2
2

a x

a
Or Fc 2

2
a x

as
e .
2

1
For a 1, Fc

2
1 s
d
x
Fs

2
ds
1 x

-s
e .
2

-s
e
2

-s
e .
2

Exercises:
1) Find the Fourier cosine transform of e ax cos ax, e ax sin ax and hence find the
Fourier cosine transforms of

1
x2
and
.
4
4
4
4
x

k
x

1
e ax
, a 0.
2) Find the Fourier sine transform of and
x
x

You might also like