Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Docs 20195

    Uploaded by

    ASUPREMEA
    6 views23 pages
    Supreme

    Original Title

    docs-20195

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Supreme

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    6 views23 pages

    Docs 20195

    Uploaded by

    ASUPREMEA
    Supreme

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 23
    THE SEA KNOWS NO BOUNDARIES A Century of Marine Science under ICES HELEN M, ROZWADOWSKI ONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA CorEwiacen lor0n Paes. SEATTLE AND LONDON To Michael Thad Allen Copyright © 2002 by The International Council for the Exploration ofthe Sea Printed in the United States of Ame Design and composition by Watershed Books All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or transmitted in ‘any form of by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy recording, ‘or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rozwadowski, Helen M. ‘The sea knows no boundaries : a century of marine science under ICES / Helen M. Rozwadowski, pcm. Includes bibliographical references (p.) ISBN 0-295.98259-4 (alk. paper) 1, Oceanography ~ Research — International cooperation History. 2. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea—History. I. Tite. GC57 R69 2002 561.4610072—de21 2002024220 ‘The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American ‘National Standard for Information Scionce-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library ‘Materials, ANSI 239.48-1984, Aeknoslelgments Introduction « 1 Forging International Science of the Sea, to 1902 2 ARising Enterprise, 1902-1927 3 AProactive Role within "Bounds Set by Nature,” through 1946 2 4 Hydrography or Fisheries Hydrography: The Struggle to Link Fish to Their Ocean Environment, to the Mid-1970s 5 "The Central Problem of the Council, Unravelled”: Fisheries ‘Science in the Postwar World, 1946-1964 6 “Which Master to Serve": Stock Assessment Science and the Growth of a Formal Scientific Advisory Role, 19605-1980 . 7 “A Natural and Inevitable Task for ICES: The Rise of Bnvironmental Science and Action, 1966 Forward 8 Framework of Nature Abbreviations in Notes . sssnene Notes Bibliography Contents Indes Introduction he state ofthe world’ Hsheros ranks among the mos presing environmental Jasues atthe dawn ofthe twenty-first century, yet the socal and economic ‘aifcaions of fisheries declines areas old a the Geri themselves. For over five hundred year herring have visited the Babusltn coast of Sweden about once a century, but for anly a decade or two, bringing brief periods of prosperity ‘hat end abruptly when th herring disappear: In the past decade, the betorcaly resent cod fisheries have filed sequentially acros the North AWlanti with similarly devastating consequences. The challenge pou by the Bohuslta andl oer herring fisheries, along with late-ineteenth-century worries about possible overfishing of valuable North Sea plac, inspired the founding ofthe International Council for the Exploration af the Sea (ICES). Investigation of overfishing proceeded alongside studies probing natural, environmental causes for fish stock Aueuatons. Crises wuchas the recent, unprecedented cd declines have eased the question of the culpability of Fisheries science, Optimism in science a the beat basis {for management, conviction that held way for nesely a century, has given way to isagreement, sometimes even mutual recriinations, among scientists, managers, snd fishermen At the same time, scientoe’ growing understanding of climate shange has prompted resewed zeratny of the relative contributions of natural and snthropogenic changes to marine population, The ine i pe fora history of those branches of marine science that supported marine resource wiliaation, once Kinited to fish but now encompasing myriad setivtie such as waste disposal, dredging ‘mariculture, il ding, and recreation. ICES provides an ideal lens through which ‘o view ths history because it served for mich ofthe past cetury as the principal forum for fisheries eciense while also playing a leading role in related disciplines, including physical oceanography and marine pluton studies. 'einificl to overstate how much current Fheres cries have pelle, and yet now merge with, the challenge of protecting the maine environment—indeed, ‘any environment. dealt He o posit the existence of an original nature, a sate of logical balance untouched by human actions. But such ste has not exited for the European seas atlas since the medieval hersing fheries ofthe Hanseatic League. Certainly by the 1850s, when North Sen fishermen from many counties argued the existence of overfishing, believing thee very livelihood to best stake, 2 ~ Iaaacion Brito mine none as singly inp [ise sc rca ning wing One tye “pes fom Bart a al nares ais mde bane an inte uote ce an eh seer een of Soe npn ern. waa ie gen pr ieee Drees an te cel me ol InSite mec Smo elias eget eae of turn-of-the-century internationalism, a ‘broad social ‘hat aimed to erase national barriers to trs ication der ct foe lpi a ‘eval resource. ICES did have governinneacoonrons oh wer nations, not individuals or scientific institutions —be 5 could forge scientific agree ingfal coir of Be a t men into memingfl coil of abet Tis

    You might also like