Professional Documents
Culture Documents
oposingles@hotmail.com
Outline unit 13
(13)
NOUNS
PRONOUNS
DETERMINERS
PARTITIVE EXPRESSIONS
VARIABLE
Regular
plurals Plurals in s or es
(boy-boys; fly-flies)
Singular
Plural
-Non-count
nouns:
concrete (furniture)
-Non-count
nouns:
abstract (music)
-Proper nouns (The
Alps)
-Some nouns ending
in s (news)
-Abstract
adjectival
heads (the bad)
-Summation
(trousers)
-Pluralia tantum in s
(outskirts)
-Plural proper nouns (the
Netherlands)
-Unmarked plural nouns
(sheep)
-Personal
adjectival
heads (the rich)
Fuster-Saura
oposingles@hotmail.com
Outline unit 13
NUMERALS:
o
o
o
o
Universal Pronouns:
UNIVERSAL PRONOUNS
COUNT
Personal
Singular
Pronoun
Plural
Pronoun
Non-personal
Everyone
Everything
Everybody
Everywhere
Each
Each
All / both
- Every (more than two and have collective reference: adj.) / Each (refers
to two or more: adj & pronoun): They take a singular verb (Every man
knows / Each (man) knows )
- Both (only applied to two people. It takes plural verb: Both door were
open) / All (it has plural reference. It can be paraphrased by everybody and
everything. It refers to a number of people or things considered as a group,
while every considers them individually: all the town was in danger; all of it;
all ofthem were broken; we are all waiting).
- Everything / everybody/ everyone + singular verb preferred:
Everyoneisready.
o Partitive Pronouns:
NUMBER
FUNCTION
Assertive
Singular
Pronoun
Determiner
COUNT
PERSONAL
NONPERSONAL
Someone
something
Somebody
A / an
NON-COUNT
some
Fuster-Saura
oposingles@hotmail.com
Outline unit 13
Plural
Pronoun &
Determiner
Non-assertive
Singular
Pronoun
Some
Anyone
Anything
Anybody
Determiner
Plural
Negative
Singular
Pronoun &
Determiner
Pronoun
Determiner
Plural
Pronoun &
Determiner
any
Either
Any
Any
Nobody
Nothing
No one
None / neither
Any
No
None
None
3. DETERMINERS
Determiner
FUNCTION
Pre-determiner
Central determiner
REALIZATION
All
both
double
half
twice
many (a)
such (a)
what (a)
definite article
indefinite article
demonstrative pronouns
possessive pronouns
relative pronouns
genitive
another,
any,
each,
either, enough, every,
much,
neither,
no,
some,
what,
which,
whose
Pre-determiner: Two subsets can be distinguished: (1) all, both, half, and
(2) the multipliers. (1) can occur before the articles, the demonstratives, and
the possessives (all/both/half the/these/our students). However, they also
have the negative characteristic of not occurring before determiners that
themselves entail quantification: every, each, (n)either, some, any, no,
Fuster-Saura
oposingles@hotmail.com
Outline unit 13
enough. (2) include the items once, twice, three times, expressions of
emphasis and costing.
Central determiner:they can occur with singular and plural count nouns
and with non-count.
4. PARTITIVE CONSTRUCTIONS
-
+ Non-count
A pint of beer, a
spoonful of medicine, a
pound of butter, aslice
of cake/bread/meat, a
roast of meat, a few
loaves of bread, a bowl
of soup, a bottle of
wine, acup of coffee, a
packet of sugar, a
blade of grass, some
specks of dust