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DUCTWORK SIZING

Company : messe

Conversion pdc en modules


- Unit perte de charge
Pa
- Perte de charge releve
- temprature
- Dbit
- Altitude
- Diamtre ou hauteur gaine 0,4
- Largeur gaine
0,7
- section libre grille
Install Date:

Business name : To define


Project N: To define

Calcul de diaphragmes
(Pascal)
10.00
20 C
5000 l/h
500

- Unit perte de charge


- Perte de charge releve
- temprature
- Dbit
- Diamtre nominal

Mon Ordinateur
42704 Ngo Duc Manh

Date limite
38500
Numro d'enregistrement
SSlesoleillevant

42719

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DUCTWORK SIZING
Calcul moteur de ventilateur

mm d'eau (9.807 Pa)


1000.00
15 C
3000 l/h
32T

- Unit perte de charge


- Perte de charge releve
- temprature
- Dbit
- Rendement
- Liste Rendement pompe
- Marge de scurit

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Pa

(Pascal)
600.00
20000 C
40000 l/h
60
Ventilateur Hlicode, Hmt > 100Pa, dbit < 1500
90

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code, Hmt > 100Pa, dbit < 1500 m3/h

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The

12/15/2016

******
*******
*******
WORK OF RENOVATION / REPLANNING / RESTRUCTURATION
PRESSURE LOSS DUCT CALCULATION
STUDY N ***

BUILDING OWNER

MASTER BUILDER

DESIGN OFFICE

ECONOMIST

Choice of the pressure unit

Pa (Pascal)
100368
3%

Atmospheric pressure according to A


Ductwork Air Leakage

Locat

Ductwork elements

Flow rate unit


Pa

Installation :

Galvanized steel sheet


LenghtC-coefficien
(L)

Value

Flow rate in m3/h

80 m

Altitude (A) in m

Material basic

Business name : To define


Project N: To define

DUCTWORK SIZING

Company : messe

Nbre indi
U

Type of duct
Material
Nature

Airflow to 20 C

Duct sizes

Flow rate temp corrected


m3/h

m3/h

or ht

Width

Equivalent
Shape diameter
m

Dynamic

Pressure

velocity pressure

Real

loss duct

m/s

Pa

Pa /m

Total pressure loss of the ductwork in Pa :


Coefficient of safety (assemblies badly carried out, etc.)
3%
Designation
- Diffuser, Supply or Extraction grille
- Supply air louver or Exhaust air louver
- Box for diffuser
- Constant or VAV terminal units, Air treatment terminals, Duct coils
- Firebreak, fire damper
- Air register, volume damper
- Miscellaneous, ex: Transfer Grilles

Quant

Loss / U

Total pressure loss in ductwork with accessories in Pa :

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Total
pres. drop
Pa

0.00

0.00

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Choice of the pressure unit

Pa (Pascal)

Flow rate unit


100368 Pa
3%

Atmospheric pressure according to A


Ductwork Air Leakage

Locat

Ductwork elements

Installation :

Galvanized steel sheet


LenghC-coefficie
(L)
m

Flow rate in m3/h

80 m

Altitude (A) in m

Material basic

Business name : To define


Project N: To define

DUCTWORK SIZING

Company : messe

Type of duct

Nbre indi
U

Material
Nature

Airflow to 20 C
Flow rate temp
m3/h

Duct sizes

corrected

or ht

Width

m3/h

Equivalent
Shape diameter
m

Dynamic

Pressure

Total

velocity pressure

Real

loss duct

pres. drop

Pa /m

Pa

m/s

Pa

Total pressure loss of the ductwork in Pa :


Coefficient of safety (assemblies badly carried out, etc.)
3%
Designation
- Diffuser, Supply or Extraction grille
- Supply air louver or Exhaust air louver
- Box for diffuser
- Constant or VAV terminal units, Air treatment terminals, Duct coils
- Firebreak, fire damper
- Air register, volume damper
- Silencers or sound attenuators
- Miscellaneous, ex: Transfer Grilles

Quant

Loss / U

Total pressure loss in ductwork with accessories in Pa :

0.00

Total pressure loss of the ductwork in Pa :


Coefficient of safety (assemblies badly carried out, etc.)
3%

0.00

Designation
- Diffuser, Supply or Extraction grille
- Supply air louver or Exhaust air louver
- Box for diffuser
- Constant or VAV terminal units, Air treatment terminals, Duct coils
- Firebreak, fire damper
- Air register, volume damper
- Silencers or sound attenuators
- Miscellaneous, ex: Transfer Grilles

Quant

Loss / U

Total pressure loss in ductwork with accessories in Pa :


F:\Excel thermique\Addin1 English new\AeroDuctSI.xls

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0.00

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0.00

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Project N: To define

DUCTWORK SIZING

Company : messe

Local loss coefficient : C-coefficients


The following data are only indicative gross values B
B
D
Duct elements
==========
============================================
DUCTS TYPE
==========
============================================

Other values coef. K


Height / width ratios
H/W (0.25) H/W (0.5) H/W (75 3)

========= ========= ========= =========


========= ========= ========= =========

- spiral duct
- Aluminium duct
- rounded duct
- four angled duct
- flex duct
- fire ducts

==========
============================================
ROUND DUCTS
==========
============================================

========= ========= ========= =========


========= ========= ========= =========

Elbows & Bends


- 90 elbow - short radious (r/d = 0.5)

0.90

- 90 elbow (r/d = 1)

0.35

- 90 elbow (r/d = 1.5)

0.25

- 90 elbow (r/d = 2)

0.20

- 45 elbow (r/d = 1)

0.15

- 30 elbow (r/d = 1)

0.05

- 90 gored elbow , El-5 (r/d = 0.5)

1.30

- 90 gored elbow , El-5 (r/d = 1)

0.50

- 90 gored elbow , El-5 (r/d = 2)

0.25

- 90 gored elbow , Elem-5 (r/d = 0.5)

1.10

- 90 gored elbow , Elem-5 (r/d = 1)

0.40

- 90 gored elbow , Elem-5 (r/d = 2)

0.20

- 90 radious elbow (r/d = 1)

0.15

- 90 square elbow

1.30

- 60 square elbow

0.70

- 45 square elbow

0.50

- 30 square elbow

0.20

- 15 square elbow

0.10

- Transitioning Offset (2 elbows with 90 rounded)

0.62

1.5

Transitions & Reducers (K on the small section)


- 30 reducer (blowing)

0.05

- 45 reducer (blowing)

0.1

- 90 reducer (D/d = 1.5)- (blowing)

0.35

- 90 reducer (D/d = 2)- (blowing)

0.45

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(Valid if that is associated to a connection)


More or less constant air speed upstream / downstream
- 30 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)- (suction)

0.15

- 45 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)- (suction)

0.25

- 90 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)- (suction)

0.35

- 90 enlargement (D/d = 2)- (aspiration)

0.7

(without downstream connection, renewal of pressure)


Higher speed of air upstream than downstream
- 30 transition (D/d = 1.5)

-0.45

- 45 transition (D/d = 1.5)

-0.4

- 90 transition (D/d = 1.5)

-0.4

- 90 transition (D/d = 2)

-0.5

- transition - square to round


- floorsweeps
- radial Saw Hood
- swivel Ball Joints
- Nozzles

Tees, Wyes, and Branches

- 45 Y Branch

0.70

- 45 standard tee

0.50

- 90 standard tee

1.40

- 90 branch, short conical tap

1.20

- 90 branch, long conical tap

1.00

- tee stack in roof

2.00

Device of diffusion
- Grille box

0.50

Suction
- direct suction on duct

0.90

- exit to room, duct placed on wall

0.50

- direct suction, widened duct at 30/45

0.30

Rejection of air (Exhaust outlet)


- Exhaust air, radius throat

- Exhaust air rain cap, free surf 100%

- Exhaust air rain cap, surf libre 150%

- 180 sheep elbow


- Stack Cap Rain Cap
- Exhaust air roof caps
- Exhaust air rain cap
- Roof exhaust
- Roof Louvers
- Roof Caps
- exhaust stack
- Entry from room

0.5

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Ventilator connection
- ventilator double connections

1.3

MISCELLANEOUS (valeurs indicatives)


- hot water duct coil - 1 row

- hot water duct coil - 2 rows

- hot water duct coil - 3 rows

- Electric duct coil


- Cooling water duct coil - 1 row

2.5

- Cooling water duct coil - 2 rows

3.5

- Cooling water duct coil - 3 rows

4.5

- Smoke extract damper


- smoke exhaust (normally closed) shutter
- circular fire damper
- volume damper
- Back-draft damper
- Constant or VAV terminal units
- Round Dampers
- Circular silencers
- Adjustable Metal Grills

==========
============================================

========= ========= ========= =========

RECTANGULAR DUCT

==========
============================================
Elbows & Bends

========= ========= ========= =========

- 90 elbow - short radious (r/d = 0.25)

1.3

- 90 elbow (r/d = 0.5)

1.1

- 90 elbow (r/d = 1)

0.3

0.45

0.3

0.25

- 45 elbow (r/d = 1)

0.2

0.2

0.15

0.1

- Transitioning Offset (2 elbows with 90 rounded)

0.68

1.5

- 90 square elbow

1.25

1.5

- 45 square elbow

0.7

1.5

- 30 square elbow

0.3

1.5

- break (2 elbows with 30 with sharp angle)

0.2

1.5

Transitions & Reducers (K on the small section)


- 30 reducer (blowing)

0.05

- 45 reducer (blowing)

0.1

- 90 reducer (D/d = 1.5)- (blowing)

0.35

- 90 reducer (D/d = 2)- (blowing)

0.45

(valid if that is associated to a connection)


More or less constant air speed upstream / downstream
- 30 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)- (suction)

0.15

- 45 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)- (suction)

0.25

- 90 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)- (suction)

0.35

- 90 enlargement (D/d = 2)- (suction)

0.7

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(without downstream connection, renewal of pressure)


Higher speed of air upstream than downstream
- 30 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)

-0.45

- 45 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)

-0.4

- 90 enlargement (D/d = 1.5)

-0.4

- 90 enlargement (D/d = 2)

-0.5

- transition - square to round

0.05

Tees, Wyes, and Branches


- 90 square tee

1.4

- 45 Y Branch

0.7

- 45 square tee

0.5

- 90 standard tee

1.3

Terminals
==========
=========================================
Device of diffusion
- Grille box

========= ========= ========= =========


0.5

Suction
- direct suction on duct

0.90

- exit to room, duct placed on wall

0.50

- direct suction, widened duct at 30/45

0.30

Louvres, Air inlets and Outlets


- Amene dair directe travers mur (30cm)

1.5

- Amene d'air directe travers un mur (30cm)


avec grillage grandes mailles

1.75

- Amene d'air directe travers un mur (30cm)


avec grillage petites mailles

2.25

- grilles, 0,7 ratio free area to total surface

- grilles, 0,6 ratio free area to total surface

- grilles, 0,5 ratio free area to total surface

- grilles, 0,4 ratio free area to total surface

10

- grilles, 0,3 ratio free area to total surface

20

- grilles, 0,3 ratio free area to total surface

50

- exhaust air louver


- wall Louvers

Rejection of air (Exhaust outlet)


- exhaust air, bouche be

- exhaust air rain cap, free surf 100%

- exhaust air rain cap, surf libre 150%

- gooseneck: radius throat


- 180 sheep elbow
- stack Cap Rain Cap
- exhaust air roof caps
- exhaust air rain cap
- roof exhaust
- roof Louvers
- roof Caps

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DUCTWORK SIZING

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- exhaust stack
- Entry from room

==========
=========================================
MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPEMENT
==========
=========================================

0.5

========= ========= ========= =========


========= ========= ========= =========

MiscRaccordement ventilateur
- raccordement double ventilateur

1.3

- chambre de surpression

1.3

- chambre de surpression orifice cnique

0.6

Aspiration directe sur caisson ventilateur

Dispositif d'aspiration conique en poche

0.4

Dispositif d'aspiration droit en poche

0.9

- aspiration ventilateur avec coude droit plaqu

Rac. ventilateur coude droit + 2 longueurs droite

Rac. ventilateur coude droit + 5 longueurs droite

MiscMISCELLANEOUS (valeurs indicatives)


MiscDuct coils
- hot water duct coil - 1 row

- hot water duct coil - 2 rows

- hot water duct coil - 3 rows

- Electric duct coil


- Cooling water duct coil - 1 row

2.5

- Cooling water duct coil - 2 rows

3.5

- Cooling water duct coil - 3 rows

4.5

MiscVAV terminals
- Constant or VAV terminal units
- Constant volume airflow controllers
- VAV airflow controllers
- Single duct variable volume terminal units
- Circular variable air flow controller,

MiscFilters
- Filter media
- Prefilters (Gravimetric)
- Fine filters (Opacimetric)

- Absolute filters (DOP)


- Electrostatic filters

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MiscHumidifiers
- Atomising humidifiers
- Steam humidifiers

MiscFire and Smoke extract dampers


- Fire damper
- Guillotine fire dampers
- Multi-blade smoke extract dampers
- Smoke extract dampers with door
- Smoke extract Damper with louvre
- Smoke extract damper
- smoke exhaust (normally closed) shutter
- Fire ducts

MiscSound attenuators (Acoustics)


- Silencers
- Rectangular silencers
- Acoustic louvre
- Sound attenuation Grilles

MiscDiffusers
- Clean room diffusion
- Circular diffusers
- Floor diffusers
- High premises diffusers
- Industrial diffusers
- Linear slot diffusers
- Linear diffusers for VAV
- Low velocity diffusers
- Low velocity, Industrial diffusers
- Nozzle diffusers
- Rectangular and Square diffusers
- Swirl diffusers

MiscGrilles, Valves
- Grilles with filter
- Industrial Grilles
- Return air Grilles
- Sound attenuation Grilles
- Extraction Valves
- Supply and Extraction Valves
- Supply air Grilles
- Transfer Grilles

MiscKitchen
- Kitchen ceilings
- Kitchen hoods
- Laundrette hood
- Oven hood

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MiscLouvres, Air inlets and Outlets


- Louvres
- Air inlets, outlets
- Wall Louvers

MiscDampers
- Airtight dampers
- Balancing dampers
- Non-return dampers (backdraft)
- volume damper
- Back-draft damper
- Rectangular Damper - Opposed Blade

Ventilation Hoods
- Fume hood
- Exhaust hood

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ASHRAE Duct Fitting Database


Flow Coefficients "C"
Loss Coefficient, K

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DUCTWORK SIZING

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Gaine laminoirs de Strasbourg - HELISTA - tl. 88.61.48.64

Oblong ducts
Width

Height

section

perimeter

surf insulation

With (m)

Height. (m)

Section (m2)

Peri. (m)

Surf calo (m2)

0.2
0.15
0.25
0.2
0.3
0.15
0.3
0.4
0.25
0.4
0.25
0.5
0.35
0.2
0.35
0.2
0.45
0.3
0.45
0.15
0.3
0.4
0.25
0.4
0.25
0.5
0.35
0.5

0.52
0.55
0.57
0.6
0.62
0.63
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.65
0.66
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.68
0.69
0.69
0.7
0.7
0.71
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.73
0.74
0.74
0.75
0.75

0.0954
0.0777
0.1291
0.1114
0.1667
0.0897
0.1697
0.2216
0.1491
0.2256
0.1516
0.2763
0.2082
0.1274
0.2117
0.1294
0.2670
0.1907
0.2715
0.1017
0.1937
0.2536
0.1691
0.2576
0.1716
0.3163
0.2362
0.3213

1.268
1.271
1.425
1.428
1.582
1.431
1.602
1.736
1.585
1.756
1.605
1.89
1.739
1.588
1.759
1.608
1.893
1.742
1.913
1.591
1.762
1.896
1.745
1.916
1.765
2.05
1.899
2.07

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1.425
1.428
1.582
1.585
1.739
1.588
1.759
1.893
1.742
1.913
1.762
2.047
1.896
1.745
1.916
1.765
2.05
1.899
2.07
1.748
1.919
2.053
1.902
2.073
1.922
2.207
2.056
2.227

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0.2
0.35
0.2
0.45
0.45
0.3
0.15
0.3
0.15
0.4
0.25
0.4
0.25
0.5
0.35
0.5
0.2
0.35
0.45
0.3
0.45
0.3
0.15
0.4
0.25
0.4
0.25
0.5
0.35
0.2
0.35
0.2
0.45
0.3
0.4
0.25
0.5
0.35
0.2

Business name : To define


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DUCTWORK SIZING

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0.76
0.76
0.77
0.77
0.78
0.78
0.79
0.79
0.8
0.8
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
0.83
0.83
0.84
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.88
0.89
0.89
0.9
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.93
0.93
0.94
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1

0.1434
0.2397
0.1454
0.3030
0.3075
0.2147
0.1137
0.2177
0.1152
0.2856
0.1891
0.2896
0.1916
0.3563
0.2642
0.3613
0.1594
0.2677
0.3390
0.2387
0.3435
0.2417
0.1272
0.3176
0.2091
0.3216
0.2116
0.3963
0.2922
0.1754
0.2957
0.1774
0.3750
0.2627
0.3496
0.2291
0.4363
0.3202
0.1914

1.748
1.919
1.768
2.053
2.073
1.902
1.751
1.922
1.771
2.056
1.905
2.076
1.925
2.21
2.059
2.23
1.908
2.079
2.213
2.062
2.233
2.082
1.931
2.216
2.065
2.236
2.085
2.37
2.219
2.068
2.239
2.088
2.373
2.222
2.376
2.225
2.53
2.379
2.228

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1.905
2.076
1.925
2.21
2.23
2.059
1.908
2.079
1.928
2.213
2.062
2.233
2.082
2.367
2.216
2.387
2.065
2.236
2.37
2.219
2.39
2.239
2.088
2.373
2.222
2.393
2.242
2.527
2.376
2.225
2.396
2.245
2.53
2.379
2.533
2.382
2.687
2.536
2.385

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DUCTWORK SIZING

Table A : Index duct surface roughness in mm (k)


Type of duct

N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

Ind. (mm)

Copper
0.002
PVC
0.002
Aluminium
0.005
Asbestos cement
0.015
Galvanized sheet steel fastened longit 0.10
Galvanized steel spiral duct
0.09
Galvanized steel sheet
0.09
Cast iron
0.20
Fiber glass
0.20
Smoothes concrete
0.50
Ordinary concrete
1.00
Stretch flex duct
1.60
Strech PVC Flex duct
2.70
Semi-tightened Flex duct
3.33
Brick
2.00
Concrete coarse
5.00
Fire ducts

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majora
0.93
0.93
0.93
0.95
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.10
1.25
1.40
1.57
1.80
1.80
1.66
2.15

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================================================ ==============

Installations "low pressure" (maximum Speed 8 t

Speed maximum

================================================ ==============
- Maxi flow rate < 175 CFM (300 m/h)
2.5 [m/s]
490 ft/min
- Maxi flow rate < 590 CFM (1000 m/h)
3 [m/s]
590 ft/min
- Maxi flow rate < 1200 CFM (2000 m/h)
4 [m/s]
785 ft/min
- Maxi flow rate < 2350 CFM (4000 m/h)
5 [m/s]
980 ft/min
- Maxi flow rate < 5900 CFM (10000 m/h)
6 [m/s]
1180 ft/min
- Maxi flow rate > 5900 CFM (10000 m/h)
7 [m/s]
1380 ft/min
Discharge velocity
Return of air according to the application
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ With the top of the occupation zone
- In the zone of occupation, but remotely of the seats
- In the occupied buildings (offices, etc.)
- In the zone of occupation, close to the seats
- Grills of decompression of the walls
- Open space under the doors, grills of doors
- Industrial application
- Residential application

Speed maximum
-------------------4.00 m/s
3.00 m/s
2.00 m/s
2.00 m/s
2.50 m/s
1 1,5 m/s
4.00 m/s
2.00 m/s

790 ft/min
590 ft/min
395 ft/min
395 ft/min
490 ft/min
200 to 300 ft/min
785 ft/min
390 ft/min

Note:
- To install the return air grills far from the doors and the openings, if not is likely
to extract the air coming from other buildings.
- To locate the return air grills near the heat sources.
- Not to recapture with less than 0,15 m to 0,20 m of the ground for not to involve dust

Installations "high pressure" (speeds of air > to 10 m/s) - Ejector-convectors, Variable Air Volum
================================================ ========================
Shaft
Corridors
================================================ ========================
- 59000 to 41000 CFM - (100000 to 70000 m3/h)
- 41000 to 23500 CFM - (70000 to 40000 m3/h)
- 23500 to 14700 CFM - (40000 25000 m3/h)
- 14700 to 10000 CFM - (25000 17000 m3/h)
- 10000 to 5900 CFM - (17000 10000 m3/h)
- 5900 to 2950 CFM - (10000 5000 m3/h)
- 2950 to 1200 CFM - (5000 2000 m3/h)
- Inferior to 1200 CFM (2000 m3/h)

30 m/s
25 ms
22 ms
20 ms
17 ms
15 ms
12 ms
10 ms

20 ms
17 ms
15 ms
12 ms
10 ms
10 ms

- Fire breaks

10 ms

10 ms

- It is recommended to leave in the main ducts at a speed of 20 to 22m/s.


- The main and secondary ducts are generally calculated on a basis of 0,85 Pa
- The boxes are selected on the basis of acceptable noise level when the pressure
at the entry of the boxes is of 750 Pa.
- The reduction speed can cause a renewal of pressure.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dual-Duct VAV Systems (average or high pressure)

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------- The circuit of the cold air ducts is calculated for 100% of the necessary flow.
- On the other hand, for the hot air ducts, one admits 50% to 75% of the cold
air flow according to thermal loads.
- The variation between the temperature of the buildings in summer and the
air in the cold air duct is 10 to 13C.
- In summer, the temperature of the hot air in the duct is maintained at least
with + 3C above the average temperature of the air outlet.
The air velocity in the ducts cannot exceed a certain value. It results a minimal section
of ducts below from which it is misadvised going down for following reasons:
- Increase the noise of rustle of the air in the strait ducts and especially on the
level of the deviations.
- Increase the pressure losses and the energy consumed by the ventilator.
Example: a reduction in half of the section doubles the air velocity increases
the pressure losses and the absorptive power by the ventilator by a factor 4.

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==============
Premises
==============

16 ms
14 ms
12 ms
10 ms
10 ms
10 ms

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mal section

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==============================================
FAN TYPE
==============================================
- Centrifugal fan with blades bent backwards (6 to 16 units)
- Centrifugal fan with blades bent forwards (38 to 42 units) - (known as squirrel-cage)
- Propeller fan without diffuser but with rectifier
- Propeller fan with diffuser and rectifier
- Ventilator of wall
- Radial ventilator with blades bent forwards (ventilator alone)
- Radial ventilator with blades bent backwards (ventilator alone)
- Axial ventilator of wall or duct (ventilator alone)
- Efficient axial ventilator with casing, without distributor or rectifier (ventilator alone)
- Efficient axial ventilator with casing, with distributor or rectifier (ventilator alone)
- Axial ventilator contra-rotatif

The only types of ventilators which are appropriate for the installations for constant pressure loss
or variable volume of air are the centrifugal blades fans inclined backwards and the propeller fans
(curved steeply sloping characteristics)
Flow-volume cannot be reduced generally to the 1/3, seldom below 50%.
In the contrary case, it is necessary to use engines with progressive control system, that is to say
mobile blades or variable blades helicoidally ventilators.

==============================================
OUTPUT OF THE TRANSMISSION
==============================================
The transmission of the energy of the ventilator engine is done with a certain loss, mainly in the
the case of a belt drive, because of the slip of the latter on the pulleys.
Type of drive
- Engine with direct drive (wheel of the ventilator directly fixed on the shaft of the engine)
-

Drive by coupling
Belt drive - P moteur < 5.5 Cv (7.5 kW) :
Belt drive - 5.5 Cv (7.5 kW) < P moteur < 8 Cv 11 kW) :
Belt drive - 8 Cv (11 kW) < P moteur < 16 Cv (22 kW) :
Belt drive - 16 Cv (22 kW) < P moteur < 22 Cv (30 kW) :
Belt drive - 22 Cv (30 kW) < P moteur < 40 Cv (55 kW) :
Belt drive - 40 Cv (55 kW) < P moteur < 55 Cv (75 kW) :
Belt drive - 55 Cv (75 kW) < P moteur < 75 Cv (100 kW) :

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============================
OUTPUTS (Mini - Maxi)

============================
8077%
5773%
5088%
6089%
3550%
50 - 70 %
75 - 83 %
40 - 65 %
70 - 78 %
75 - 85 %
80 - 90 %

============================
LOSSES

============================

25%
38%
10 %
8%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2,5 %

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