At the beginning of the process, the rst incoming frame is directly processed by the

proposed scheme. For the subsequent incoming frames, the entropy model can be
used to estimate the differences of the information between two continuous frames.
The information of each frame is approximated by the entropy formula:
lmax

E= pdf (l) log ( pdf (l))

l=0

where pdf (l) denotes the probability density function of input frames. The term
log ( pdf (l)) indicates the amount of information gained by observing that
outcome [1]. When the absolute difference between the current E and previous E
exceeds threshold, it means the content of video sequences has dramatic changes.
Then, the k and can be updated by the current frame. In this study, the threshold is
empirically set to 0.05 to detect the change of scenes. Otherwise, the existing k and
are directly applied to process each pixel in current video frames.
[1] R. M. Gray, Entropy and Information Theory, 2011, Springer.