Link - http://sandeepjetty.blogspot.in/2013/04/sap-abap-interview-questions-usefull.

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User Exit vs Customer Exit
- User exits are FORMS and customer exits are FUNCTIONS
- Inside the form (user exit) you can read and change almost any global data from
host program.
Inside a function (customer exit) you can only acces your
import/export/changing/tables parameters.
- User-exit doesnt have any classification.In customer-exit we have functionmodule exit , screen exit , menu exit.
- While changing User-exit,Access Key is required, whereas in Customer-exit no
access key is needed.
User Exit
Customer Exit
User exit is implemented in the
A customer exit can be
form of a Subroutine i.e. PERFORM implemented as:
xxx.
Function exit
Example: INCLUDE MVF5AFZZ
Screen Exit
PERFORM
Menu Exit
userexit_save_document_prepare.
Field Exit
Example: CALL Customer function
xxx
INCLUDE xxx.
You modify this include.
In case of a PERFORM, you have
You have access only to the
access to almost all the data. So
importing, exporting, changing and
you have better control, but more
tables parameter of the Function
risk of making the system unstable. Module. So you have limited
access to data.
User exit is considered a
A customer exit is considered an
modification and not an
enhancement.
enhancement.
You need Access Key for User Exit. You do not need access key.
Changes are lost in case of an
Changes are upgrade compatible.
upgrade.
User exit is the earliest form of
Customer exits came later and
change option offered by SAP.
they overcome the shortcomings
of User Exit.
No such thing is required here.
To activate a function exit, you
need to create a project in SMOD
and activate the project.
User exits are project mgt by CMOD which is grouping of SMOD enhancements. An
user exit contains multiple enhancements
A customer exit can be implemented as:

Function exit
Screen Exit
Menu Exit
Field Exit
Example: CALL Customer function xxx
INCLUDE xxx.
You modify this include.
What is the difference between
BAPI
Just as Google offers
Image/Chart/Map APIs OR
Facebook offers APIs for
Comment/Like, SAP offers APIs in
the form of BAPIs. BAPI is a library
of function modules released by
SAP to the public so that they can
interface with SAP.
There is a Business Object
Associated with a BAPI. So a BAPI
has an Interface, Key Field,
Attributes, Methods, and Events.
Outside world (JAVA, VB, .Net or
any Non SAP system) can connect
to SAP using a BAPI.
Error or Success messages are
returned in a RETURN table.

RFC and BAPI?

RFC
RFC is nothing but a remote
enabled function module. So if there
is a Function Module in SAP system
1 on server X , it can be called from
a SAP system 2 residing on server Y.

No Business Object is associated

with a RFC.

NonSAP world cannot connect to

SAP using RFC.
RFC does not have a return table.

Question 3:What is the difference between SAPSCRIPT and

SMARTFORM?
SAPSCRIPT
SMARTFORM
SAPSCRIPT is client dependent.
SMARTFORM is client independent.
SAPSCRIPT does not generate any SMARTFORM generates a Function
Function module.
Module when activated.
Main Window is must.
You can create a SMARTFORM
without a Main Window.
SAPSCRIPT can be converted to
SMARTFORMS cannot be converted
SMARTFORMS. Use Program
to SCRIPT.
SF_MIGRATE.
Only one Page format is possible
Multiple page formats are possible.
Such thing is not possible in
You can create multiple copies of a

SCRIPT.
PROTECT ENDPROTECT
command is used for Page
protection.

SMARTFORM using the Copies

Window.
The Protect Checkbox can be ticked
for Page Protection.

Question 4:What is the difference between Call Transaction

Method and the Session method ?
Session Method
Session method id generally used
when the data volume is huge.
Session method is slow as
compared to Call transaction.
SAP Database is updated when
you process the sessions. You
need to process the sessions
separately via SM35.
Errors are automatically handled
during the processing of the batch
input session.

Call Transaction
Call transaction method is when the
data volume is low
Call Transaction method is relatively
faster than Session method.
SAP Database is updated during the
execution of the batch input
program.
Errors should be handled in the
batch input program.

Question 5: What is the difference between BDC and BAPI?

BAPI
BAPI is faster than BDC.
BAPI directly updates database.
No such processing options are
available in BAPI.
BAPI would generally used for
small data uploads.
For processing errors, the Return
Parameters for BAPI should be
used.This parameter returns
exception messages or success
messages to the calling program.

BDC
BDC is relatively slower than BAPI.
BDC goes through all the screens as
a normal user would do and hence it
is slower.
Background and Foreground
processing options are available for
BDC.
BDCs would be preferred for large
volumes of data upload since
background processing option is
available.
Errors can be processed in SM35 for
session method and in the batch
input program for Call Transaction
method.

Question 6: What is the difference between macro and

subroutine?
Macro
Macro can be called only in the
program it is defined.
Macro can have maximum 9
parameters.
Macro can be called only after its
definition.
A macro is defined inside:
DEFINE
.
END-OF-DEFINITION.
Macro is used when same thing is
to be done in a program a number
of times.

Subroutine
Subroutine can be called from other
programs also.
Can have any number of
parameters.
This is not true for Subroutine.
Subroutine is defined inside:
FORM ..
..
ENDFORM.
Subroutine is used for
modularization.

Question 7: What is the difference between SAP memory and

ABAP memory?
SAP Memory
When you are using the SET/GET
Parameter ID command, you are
using the SAP Memory.
SAP Memory is User Specific.
What does this mean?The data
stored in SAP memory can be
accesses via any session from a
terminal.

ABAP Memory
When you are using the EXPORT
IMPORT Statements, you are using
the ABAP Memory.
ABAP Memory is User and
Transaction Specific.What does this
mean? The data stored in ABAP
memory can be accessed only in
one session. If you are creating
another session, you cannot use
ABAP memory.

Important
Question 8: What is the difference between AT SELECTIONSCREEN and AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT?
AT SELECTION-SCREEN is the PAI of the selection screen whereas
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT is the PBO of the selection screen.
Question 9: What is the difference between SY-INDEX and SYTABIX?

Remember it this way TABIX = Table.

So when you are looping over an internal table, you use SY-TABIX.
When you use DO ENDDO / WHILE for looping, there is no table
involved.
So you use SY-INDEX.
For READ statement, SY-INDEX is used.
Question 10: What is the difference between VIEW and a
TABLE?A table physically stores data.
A view does not store any data on its own. It can contain data from
multiple tables and it just accesses/reads data from those tables.
Question 11: What is the difference between Customizing and
Workbench request?A workbench request is client independent
whereas a Customizing request is client dependent.
Changes to development objects such as Reports, Function Modules,
Data Dictionary objects etc. fall under Workbench requests.
Changes in SPRO / IMG that define system behavior fall under
customizing requests.
An example would be defining number ranges in SPRO.
In short, generally a developer would end up creating a Workbench
request and a Functional Consultant would create a Customizing
request.

Question 12: What is the difference between PASS BY VALUE

and PASS BY REFERENCE?These concepts are generally used for
Function modules or Subroutines etc. and their meaning can be taken
literally.
Say we are passing a variable lv_var:
CALL FUNCTION 'DEMO_FM'
EXPORTING
VAR = lv_var.

When we PASS lv_var by VALUE , the actual value of lv_var is copied

into VAR.
When we PASS lv_var by REFERENCE , the reference or the memory
address of lv_var is passed to the Function module. So VAR and lv_var
will refer to the same memory address and have the same value.
Question 13: What is the difference between Master data and Transaction
data?Master data is data that doesnt change often and is always needed in the same
way by business.
Ex: One time activities like creating Company Codes, Materials, Vendors, Customers etc.
Transaction data keeps on changing and deals with day to day activities carried out in
business.
Transactions done by or with Customers, Vendors, and Materials etc. generate
Transaction Data. So data related to Sales, Purchases, Deliveries, Invoices etc. represent
transaction data
Some important transactions here for Master Data:
Material: MM01 MM02 MM03
Vendor: XK01 , XK02 , XK03
Customer: Xd01 , XD02 , XD03
Some Important transactions for Transaction data:
Purchase Order: ME21n , ME22n , ME23n
Sales Order: VA01 , VA02 , VA03
Goods Receipt: MIGO
Invoices: MIRO

Important
Question 14: What will you use SELECT SINGLE or SELECT UPTO
1 ROWS ?
What will you use SELECT SINGLE or SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS ?
There is great confusion over this in the SAP arena.
If you Google, you will see lots of results that will say SELECT SINGLE is
faster and efficient than SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS.
But that is 100% incorrect.
SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS is faster than SELECT SINGLE.
If for a WHERE condition, only one record is present in DB, then both
are more or less same.
However, If for a WHERE condition multiple records are present in DB,
SELECT UPTO 1 ROWS will perform better than SELECT SINGLE.
Question 15: What is the difference between .Include Structure and
.Append structure?

I have seen ridiculous answers for this at many places on the Web.
The true answer is this:
Lets say you want to use the Structure X in your table Y.
With .Include X, you can include this structure in multiple tables.
With .Append X, you specify that structure X has been used in table Y
and that this cannot be used in any other table now. So you restrict
structure X only to Table Y.
Important
Question 16: Can you describe the events in ABAP?
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM:
INITIALIZATION: If you want to initialize some values before selection
screen is called
AT SELECTION SCREEN OUTPUT: PBO for Selection Screen
AT SELECTION SCREEN: PAI for Selection Screen
START-OF-SELECTION
END-OF-SELECTION
TOP-OF-PAGE
END-OF-PAGE
AT USER-COMMAND: When user click on say buttons in application
toolbar. SY-UCOMM
AT LINE SELECTION: Double click by user on basic list. SY-LISEL
AT PF##: When User Presses any of the Function Keys
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING LINE SELECTION
Question 17:
What events do you know in Module Pool Programming?
PBO: you know this . If not you should know this . That's basic.
PAI: You know this. If not you should know this . That's basic.
POV: Process on Value request i.e. when you press F4.
POH: Process on help request i.e. when you press F1.
Question 18: Can you show multiple ALVs on a Single Screen?
Yes, there are multiple ways of doing this:

If you are using OOALV, you can create multiple custom containers
(cl_gui_custom_container) & put an ALV
control (cl_gui_alv_grid) in each of those.

You can even use a Splitter container control and place multiple
ALVs in each of
the split container.

If you are using Normal ALV, You can use the following FMS:
1.
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_INIT

2.
3.

REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_APPEND
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_DISPLAY
Question 19: A system has two clients 100 and 500 on the same
application server. If you make changes to a SAPSCRIPT on client 100,
will the changes be available in client 500?
No. SAPSCRIPT is client dependent. You will have to transport changes
from client 100 to client 500. However, for SMARTFORMS, Changes will
be made both for client 100 and client 500.
Question 20: There are 1000s of IDOCs in your system and say you
no longer need some of them? How will you get rid of those IDOCs?
One way is to archive the IDOCs using transaction SARA.
But what the interviewer was expecting was How do you change IDoc
Status?
There are different ways of doing this:
A) Use FM IDOC_STATUS_WRITE_TO_DATABASE
B) USE FMs:
EDI_DOCUMENT_OPEN_FOR_PROCESS and
EDI_DOCUMENT_CLOSE_PROCESS
Question 21: What is the difference between CHAIN ENDCHAIN and
FIELD commands in Module Pool?
If you want to validate a single field in Module Pool, you use the FIELD
Command.
On error, this single filed is kept open for input.
If you however want to validate multiple fields, you can use the CHAIN
ENDCHAIN command. You specify multiple fields between CHAIN and
ENDCHAIN.
On error, all fields between CHAIN ENDCHAIN are kept open for
input.
Question 22: What are the types of Function Modules? What is
an UPDATE function module?There are three types of Function
Modules: Normal , RFC , UPDATE.

The aim of the Update function module is either to COMMIT all changes
to database at once or to ROLLBACK all the changes. By definition, an
update function module is used to bundle all the updates in your
system in one LUW (logical unit of work).
This FM is called whenever COMMIT WORK statement is encountered in
the calling program and the way you call it is CALL FUNCTION XXX IN
UPDATE TASK.
Have a look at FM EDI_DOCUMENT_CLOSE_PROCESS_UPD and do a
where used.
This FM is used as Update FM in case you make changes to IDoc
contents/status via your program.
Question 23: How is the table sorted when you do not specify field
name and Ascending or Descending? On what criteria will the table be
sorted? Do internal table have keys?
Yes, internal table have keys.
The default key is made up of the non-numeric fields of the table line in
the order in which they occur.
Question 24: Explain what is a foreign key relationship?Explain
this with the help of an example.
Lets discuss about tables EKKO (PO header) and EKPO (PO line item).
Can you have an entry in table EKPO without having an entry in table
EKKO?
In other words can you have PO line items without the PO header?
How does this happen? The answer is foreign key relationship.
So foreign keys come into picture when you define relationship
between two tables.

Foreign keys are defined at field level.

Check the foreign key relation for field EBELN of table EKPO.
The check table is EKKO. This just means that whenever an entry is
made in EKPO, it is checked whether the entered value for EBELN
already exists in EKKO. If not, entry cannot be made to EKPO table.
Question 25 : What is the difference between a value table and
a check table?Check table is maintained when you define foreign key
relationships.
For Check table, read question above.
.
Value table is defined and maintained at a domain level.
At a domain level, you can mention allowed values in the form of:
1) Single values
2) Ranges
3) Value tableFor example, have a look at domain SHKZG. Only allowed
values are S and H for Debit/Credit indicator. Whenever and wherever
you use this domain, the system will force you to use only these two
values: S and H.
Another example is domain MATNR. For this domain the value table is
MARA.
So whenever and wherever, you use this domain the system will force
you to use values for MATNR in table MARA.

Question 26: How do you find BAPI?Approach1:

You can go to Transaction BAPI and then search for your desired object.
Say you want to find a BAPI for creating users in the system, in such
case you can search for the User and find the relevant BAPIs.
Approach2:
Another way is to find a Business Object. Say you want to find a BAPI
for creating Material in SAP and you know the BO for Material is
BUS1001006. You can go to Transaction SWO1 and enter the BO
BUS1001006 in the BOR. Then have a look at the methods for this BO.

Important
Question 27: How do you find BADI?
Approach1:
Go to Class CL_EXITHANDLER in SE24 ---> Put a breakpoint in
method GET_INSTANCE.Now go and execute your transaction code for
which you want to find BADI.

You will find the BADI in the changing parameter exit_name:

Approach 2:
Go to Tcode SE84 Enhancements BADIs Definitions.
Find the package for the Tcode for which you are finding the BADI.
Enter it as shown and hit execute:

Are we done yet ? Definitely not !

Let the questions come and lets keep on updating this blog.
I will update the blog with the following questions soon:
Question: Synchronous and asynchronous methods in BDC ?
Question: What is the difference between inner joins and outer joins?
Question: What is the difference between INSTANCE methods and
STATIC methods?
Question: What is the difference between Implicit Enhancements and
Explicit Enhancements?

Question: What is the difference between Enhancement point and

Enhancement Section?
Question: How do you find Function Exit?
Question: How do you activate a Function Exit?

SAP ABAP Interview Questions Part 3 : Smartforms

Welcome to yet another post on ABAP interview questions. Here I have

complied a list of interview questions on Smartforms in SAP. This list is
quite comprehensive. Hope you find it useful. Cheers !!
Smartform is SAP's print form technology and is an alternative to SAPScripts. Whenever you activate a Smartform , a function module is
generated for that Smartform. The program that calls this function module
is called the Driver Program for Smartform. The T.code for Smartforms is
SMARTFORMS.
Unlike SAP-Scripts, Smartforms are client independent.
Here we go:
*An SAP R/3 system has 2 clients 800 & 810. You create an SAP
Script Z_Script and a Smartform Z_Smartform in client 800. Will
both Z_Script and Z_Smartform be available in client 810 as well?
Client 200 will have just the Smartform Z_Smartform and not the SAP
Script Z_Script.
SAP-Script is client dependent whereas SMARTFORM is client independent.
Many people don't understand what this is all about. The above answer
should suffice. However, if you still do not understand this, find an SAP
system where you have 2 clients. Create a dummy Smartform / script in
one client and check whether they exist in the other client.
*You have created a Smartform in DEV environment. Then you
migrated the Smartform to PROD environment. Will the name of
the function module be same in DEV and PROD?
Once you transport the Smartform from DEV to PROD environment, a new
function module name for the Smartform in generated in the PROD
environment. For a particular Smartform , generated function module
names are different in different systems.One can get the name of the
function module for Smartform by passing the Smartform name to FM
SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME.
Hence in the driver program for Smartform, it is common practice to use
FM SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME and then calling the Smartform
Function Module.

CALL FUNCTION 'SSF_FUNCTION_MODULE_NAME'

EXPORTING
formname = 'Z_SMARTFORM'
IMPORTING
fm_name = lv_fm_name
CALL FUNCTION lv_fm_name
*How do you convert a Smartform Output to PDF output?
There is a tricky solution here.But let's keep that for the last. Let us first
discuss the conventional way of getting a PDF output for Smartform. For
that you need to keep in mind the following two function modules and
their importing/exporting parameters:
CONVERT_OTF
CONVERT_OTF_2_PDF
In the Driver program, import the parameter 'job_output_info' from the
Smartform FM and utilize that info in 'OTF' parameter of the two
aforementioned function modules.
Here is one more and probably the easiest way to see PDF output for a
Smartform.
Type PDF! in the command prompt and hit enter :).

To see the Smartform Print Preview output as list output,

Type SLIS in the command prompt and hit enter.

*How do you achieve Bar Code printing in Smartforms?

Step1: Use SE73 i.e. SAP-Script Font Maintenance and create a Bar code say
ZDEMO.

Step 2: For Smartform, create a character format C1 and use the recently
created Barcode ZDEMO.

It can be finally used to print Barcode as:

How do you add a Watermark Or a Background Image for

Smartforms ?
If you go to the properties of a page in Smartform, you will find a tab for
Background Image.
Specify the source of the image you need here and it can be used as
background image / Watermark in Smartforms.
Graphics can be maintained using T.code SE78.

How will you print on both sided of a Smartform?

At the Page level in Smartforms, you can find something called as Print Mode.
Set the Print mode to duplex to print on both sides of the Smartform.

What is the difference in a Table and a Template in Smartform?A

Template has fixed number of Rows and Columns whereas a Table can have
variable rows and columns i.e. you can have a internal table with contents
associated to a Table element but not to a Template.
You should use a template when the tabular output is fixed!
How do you achieve Page Protection in Smartform ?While one can use
the PROTECT ..... ENDPROTECT command for SAP-Scripts, for Smartforms the
Page-Protection checkbox can be used to ensure page protection:

Note: You have Page-protection property only for Text Elements in the Main
Window.
Can you move a Smartform from one SAP system to another without
using transports ?
Yes, this can be achieved using the Upload/Download feature for Smartforms.
One can download the Smartform from one system and save it as an XML file.
Once that is done, the XML file can be used to upload the Smartform in
another system.

Can you have a Smartform without a main window?

Yes, you can create a Smartform without a Main Window. But there is no need
to do anything of such sort.
Whenever you create a Smartform, a main window is created by default. I
can't think of a situation , where you will have a situation in which it is
mandatory for you to remove the Main Window. But still I have seen this
question in ABAP interviews. So I have put it here.
How do you find the name of the Function Module for a Smartform?
When is this function module created?
The function module for Smartform is created when the Smartform is
activated.
You can find the name of the Function Module for a Smartform by going to
Environment --> Function Module Name.
What is a Copies Window?
What is a Final Window?
Final Window is called after all the other windows are called in a Smartform.
How do you pass data to Smartforms from the driver program?
How do you Debug Smartforms ?
How would you go about printing a logo in a Smartform?
How do you print address number in Smartforms ?
How do you print Symbols and Icons in Smartforms?
What are Basic Nodes and Auxiliary Nodes ?
What is the use of Folder in Smartforms ?
BDC Interview Questions
What is BDC and why do we use BDC ?

BDC ( Batch Data Communication ) also known as batch input is a

technique by which large volumes of data can be transferred from Non
Sap or Legacy systems to SAP systems.

Example: A Legacy system that is to be replaced by SAP has say

1000 Customers , 2000 vendors and 3000 materials. All this data
needs to be transferred to SAP . In such cases , We can use BDC.
If the old system is replaced by SAP, such a transfer is
called Conversion.
If the old system runs along with SAP, in that case the transfer is called
an Interface.

The two methods for BDC are:

Session Method
Call TRANSACTION Method
CALL DIALOG (Outdated)

ABAP interview questions on BDC:

Important:
Question 1:What is the difference between Call Transaction
Method and the Session method ?
Session Method
Session method id generally used
when the data volume is huge.
Session method is slow as
compared to Call transaction.
SAP Database is updated when
you process the sessions. You
need to process the sessions
separately via SM35.
Errors are automatically handled
during the processing of the batch
input session.

Call Transaction
Call transaction method is when the
data volume is low
Call Transaction method is relatively
faster than Session method.
SAP Database is updated during the
execution of the batch input
program.
Errors should be handled in the
batch input program.

Important:
Question 2: How do you do BDC for a table control?
With other things as usual, there is a special trick that you have to use
while doing BDC for table control.

You need to use the BDC OKCODE '=P+'.

Its the BCD_OKCODE for Page down that can be used for scrolling down
in table control.
Important:
Question3: Is there any method apart from BDC for data
upload to SAP?
Apart from BDC and LSMW, you can use BAPIs to upload data into SAP.
BAPIs should be preferred over BDCs, because they process data faster
than BDC.
A BAPI is faster since it updates Database "directly". Whereas BDC
calls transaction and goes through the whole screen sequence as any
user would do.
BAPI
BAPI is faster than BDC.
BAPI directly updates database.
No such processing options are
available in BAPI.
BAPI would generally used for
small data uploads.
For processing errors, the Return
Parameters for BAPI should be
used.This parameter returns
exception messages or success
messages to the calling program.

BDC
BDC is relatively slower than BAPI.
BDC goes through all the screens as
a normal user would do and hence it
is slower.
Background and Foreground
processing options are available for
BDC.
BDCs would be preferred for large
volumes of data upload since
background processing option is
available.
Errors can be processed in SM35 for
session method and in the batch
input program for Call Transaction
method.

Question 4: How do you process errors in Call Transaction

method ?
Let's have a look at the syntax for CALL TRANSACTION method.
Sample code:
DATA: BEGIN OF G_T_MESSTAB OCCURS 0.
INCLUDE STRUCTURE BDCMSGCOLL.
DATA: END OF G_T_MESSTAB.

CALL TRANSACTION 'MB11'

USING G_T_BDCDATA
MODE 'E'
UPDATE 'S'

MESSAGES INTO G_T_MESSTAB.

All the error messages will be trapped inside G_T_MESSTAB.

Question 5: What is the use of program RSBDCSUB?

There are two ways to process the BDC sessions:
1) Go to SM35 ---> Choose session ---> hit process.
Now See Question no. 10.
2) Use program RSBDCSUB.
RSBDCSUB schedules the session to be processed in background.

Let's take an example to understand this.

The sessions are created at one point of time and processed at other
point of time and this may create a problem: For example: a BDC
program creates a session for updating 1500 customers in SAP.
However , before this session is processed via SM35 , a user inserts
100 customers in the system manually. In this case , the session will
have at least 100 errors when the session is processed from SM35.
One way to avoid this is to use the program "RSBDCSUB" in the batch
input program itself so that the session is processed as soon as it is
created.
RSBDCSUB schedules the session to be processed in background.
Question 6: What is the structure of the BDC table?
The BDCDATA consists of the following fields:
PROGRAM [CHAR 40] - Online program name.

DYNPRO [NUMC 4] - Screen number.

DYNBEGIN [CHAR 1] - Flag to indicate the start of a new screen.
FNAM [CHAR 132] - Field name of a screen field to be filled with data.
FVAL [CHAR 132] - The actual value to be filled into the specified screen field.
Sample Screenshot:

BDCDATA table structure

Question 7: What is the difference between BDC_OKCODE and

BDC_CURSOR?
BDC_OKCODE: is used for storing commands during the recording. like
'/00' is the command for 'ENTER' Key.
BDC_CURSOR: contains the cursor position. it contians the field in
which cursor will be.
Example code:
perform bdc_field
perform bdc_field

using 'BDC_CURSOR'
'PROJ-PSPID'.
using 'BDC_OKCODE'
'=BU'.

Question 8: What are the 3 methods that we use in sequence in

a Batch input session method ?
1) BDC_OPEN_GROUP for opening the Batch Input Session
2) BDC_INSERT for inserting the transactional data into SAP
3) BDC_CLOSE_GROUP for closing the Batch Input Session

If there are n records , the BDC_INSERT method should be called n

times.
BDC_OPEN_GROUP and BDC_CLOSE_GROUP are called only once.
General Information about a session is stored in table APQI.
Transaction data for a session is stored in table APQD.
Question 9: What is your approach for writing a BDC program?
Identify the Tcode and do the recording in SHDB to populate the
BDCDATA.

Once the recording is done , one can Transfer it to the Batch input
program.

In the batch Input program , The transactional data is read from the file
to an internal table.
Then one can loop over the transactional data in the internal table and
start uploading the data in SAP either by CALL TRANSACTION method
or by creating sessions through the batch input program.
Question 10: How do you process errors in Session method ?
You can go to Transaction SM35 , Choose the session name and click on
Process.

Question 11: What are the different modes of processing batch input sessions?
The three modes are:
Foreground
Display Errors Only
Background
Question 12: What is the difference between Synchronous and Asynchronous
Update ?
In Synchronous update , the database is updated before the next
transaction is taken for processing in a batch input.
In Asynchronous update , the system doesn't wait for updating the
database before the next transaction is taken for processing in a batch
input.
Question 13: What is the transaction for Recording BDC ?
The Tcode is SHDB.
Question 14: How do you read files from the Application server ?
You can use the commands:
OPEN DATASET ---> opens the file(dataset) either in read /write mode.
READ DATASET ---> Read the file
CLOSE DATASET ---> Close the dataset once the date has been read .
Question 15: How do you read files from the presentation server ?
You can use the Function Modules :
GUI_UPLOAD --> To read data from file into an internal table
GUI_DOWNLOAD --> To write data from internal table to a file on
presentation server
LSMW (Legacy system migration workbench)
Steps
1. Maintain object attribute
2. Maintain source structure
3. Maintain source fields
4. Structure relation
5. Field mapping
6. Field values, sub routines
7. Specify files
8. Assign files

9. Read
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

data
Display read data
Convert data
Display convert data
Create batch input
Run batch input

In which step of lsmw, input validation can be done?

Filter BADIs ??
Parameter difference in Normal FM & RFC

ENHANCEMENT
http://sapignite.com/enhancement-in-sap-how-to-find-workand-implement/

Field Exit to put validation on standard field.

Scenario company location no should be > 100. In this case, we can
have a validation logic on field.
-

Global FE ( applicable to all screen where particular field exist)

Local FE ( applicable to particular screen)

How to create Field exit

http://sapignite.com/field-exit-in-sap-abap-with-tutorial/

Option 2
You can also run the report RSMODPRF to create a field exit.
For this example we will create a GLOBAL Field exit. So it will validate Production
version for all the screen where-ever it is used.(Note : will are going to use option No 2 to
create this field exit for this tutorial.)
Step1
Go to SE38 and run program RSMODPRF.

Enter the data element name as KOSCH : you can find out the data element name using
F1 help for that particular field: and Press F8.

Step2:
It will open the Function builder screen with FM name : FIELD_EXIT_KOSCH
(FIELD_EXIT_<dataelement>_Suffix)
Just click on create button and create a FM with the following code:
( Note : it will ask for Function group name , You can create your own Function group
and use it here)
If you check the IMPORT and EXPORT data you can see the INPUT and OUTPUT.it is
nothing but the value of the field.
if input = RDC.
message RDC type is not allowed type E.
endif.

Step 3:
Activate this Function module and click on back button.
and execute the report RSMODPRF with out the dataelement and suffix.

It will display the below list : find out your exit

Select that entry and activate it using menu bar FIELD EXIT ACTIVATE
Now its time to test it
Go to MM02 enter any material name and select Basic data 1.and enter production type
as RDC.Press Enter.

Customer Exit:
SMOD/ CMOD
SMOD to check what exits are available in a package
CMOD to implement these exits.
There are three types of Customer EXITs.
1. Function module EXIT
2. Screen EXIT
3. Menu EXIT
FM Exit To add new menu in standard menu tool bar
call customer-function 001
User Exit v/s Customer Exit :

User Exits are "form-based" custom enhancements.

Customer Exits are Function Module-based custom enhancements.

User Exit
1. Implemented as Subroutines.
2. Created in SAP namespace.
3. You require access key to make changes
Customer Exit
1.Implemented as FM.
2. Created in customer namespace.
3. Do not require access key to make changes.

USER EXITS:
http://sapignite.com/user-exits-in-sap-abap-with-tutorial/
To add own functionality to sap standard without modifying.
- Form Exits, form routine
USEREXIT_*
How to find user exit:
- SE80, dev class VMOD for SD module

Dfference b/w userexit_save_doucment_prepare and

userexit_save_document - The main difference is that in
USEREXIT_SAVE_DOCUMENT_PREPARE you can change data in x* internal tables and these
changes will be passed to DB, while in USEREXIT_SAVE_DOCUMENT - it's too late to change
data in SAP internal tables (x* tables) since SAP has already passed these tables to update task
FM... save_document can be used for triggering your own table (Z* table) updates, for triggering
workflow events, for final validation of order info and raising error message to prevent order save.

BADI:
http://sapignite.com/how-to-implement-badi-in-sap-abapwith-tutorial/
http://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?
pageId=133758980

Scenario: validation required on two fields during material

creation,
Status change during MIGO
Types of BADI
1) Multi Use badi any no of implementation can be assigned to
same badi definition
a. Seq does not play any role
b. Drawback not possible to know which
implementation is active
2) Filter-dependent badi
a. Filter type
We can define badi according to filter values to control the add-in
implementation on specific criteria
Ex: specific country value
Based on filter values, we can have different implementations of the same BADI. For example, if company
code is a filter, these can be handled by different development teams belonging to the respective company
code to suit their individul requirements.

MODSAP-SAP Enhancements
MODACT-Modifications
MODATTR-Attributes of Extension Project s
ABAP DEBUGGER
http://sapignite.com/how-to-debug-sap-rfc-background-jobupdate-fm-etc/
1) To debug a RFC -> ECC & CRM 2 system
Call function rfc fm destination crm
Exporting
importing
- put external bp in ECC program where RFC is being called.. put
an external b/p in FM which exists in CRM
- run program in ECC and it will stop at bp in destination system.
2) To debug a background job ->
Option 1 - open job in sm37
- enter JDBG in command line and enter. It will strt debugger.
Option 2 SM50, select job , it will ask for debugging.
3) To Debug an Update Function Module:

- put a break-point just above the update function module.

- run the program
- Debugger setting -> select the flag Update Debugging
http://sap-interview-questions-and-answers.blogspot.in/2012/07/abap-interviewquestions.html#!/2013/02/sap-abap-interview-questions-part-3.html
Which transaction code can I used to analyze the performance of
ABAP program.

ST05 Trace (performance tuning)

SE30 for run time analysis
--Maximum of 16 keys are allowed in a table
--May not have more than 249 fields
--sum of all field length is limited to 1962

BAPI & RFC

Creating a custom bapi ->
- create bapi structure
- create RFC
- assign bapi into bor
- implement, generate and release bapi, method will be created in bor
- test bapi
DATA Transfer Techniques:
- BDC (Batch Data Communication)
Session - to run session SM35 or RSBDCSUB
Bdc_open_group client, session name, keep, authorization ( APQI table)
Bdc_insert tcode & bdcdata (APQD table)
Bdc_close_group
Call Transaction
Using <> mode <> update<> message into <messtab>
Call Dialog (outdated)
- LSMW (Legacy System Migration Workbench)
- BAPI (already covered) (Business Application Programming Interface)
- IDOC
Print Layout Techniques:
SAPSCRIPT
RSTXR3TR to import/export sapscript using cts

RSTXSCRP to import/export sapscript without cts

Standard Text can be assigned to a CTS using program RSTXTRAN

Debug a script RSTXDBUG

Open_form, write, close_form
SMARTFORM
ADOBE FORM
Background Processing
SM36- scheduling a job
SM37 job obverview
SM50 to check details of work process on app server
JOB_OPEN, JOB_SUBMIT, JOB_CLOSE in abap program to schedule a job
ALV OOPS