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Annotated Bibliography
Benefits of Bozemans Urban Forest and Potential Benefits. City of Bozeman.

City of
Bozeman, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. The city of Bozeman has outlined the benefits that
pertain to the city and its urban forest. The city appears to be very supportive of its trees.
By using statistics, the city is trying to persuade the audience to also invest in the trees
because they are an important part of the citys infrastructure. By managing and planting
trees correctly, Bozemans urban forest can ultimately become a live and growable
resource for generations to come. Trees work harmoniously with society to make an
overall improvement to the city of Bozeman. This is significant to urban forestry because
it shows the importance of trees in Bozeman which will likely be more important to
people who read my paper who will be local.
"City Sues over 150 Trees Cut down in West Seattle." KOMO. KOMO, n.d. Web. 13 Nov. 2016.
This article describes how 150 trees were illegally cut down in Seattle and the actions
that the city took against the homeowners. This piece fit in very well with my editorial
because it provided an example of a time in which trees werent respected which is what I
argued against. It is relevant to my topic because it gives proof that people cut down trees
unnecessarily and that it makes a negative impact on the city.
Cox, Robert. The Ten Commandments of Tree Planting. Colorado Master Gardeners.

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Colorado State University, 1 May 2010. Web. 27 Sept. 2016. Robert Cox and Colorado
State University are trying to communicate healthy ways to take care of trees. They cover
how to locate, choose, dig, and plant cautiously. As this was written in Colorado, they
understand the importance of planting trees careful tree planting in an arid climate. This
article is very applicable to Bozeman because the climate in Bozeman is very similar to
that of Denver. If these guidelines are followed, the trees in the future should remain a
healthy and beautiful part of the landscape. This is significant to urban forestry because it
shows that a tree just cant be planted. Trees have to be planted properly if the owner
wants them to be healthy.
Denver

Urban Forest Fact Sheet. Denver: The Mile High City. Denver Parks and
Recreation, 2013. Web. 22 Sept. 2016. Denver has provided a list of the statistics that the
trees provide for the city each year. Because the same kind of statistics werent available
for Bozeman, Denver was the next best thing. The urban forest of Denver provides a
shocking amount of benefits for the city. For example, the trees of the city provide an
annual revenue of 7.1 million dollars for the city, provide 212.2 million dollars in
property value increase to the city, reduce air pollution costs by 129,000, and much more.
The city of Denver has comprehensive plans for their urban forestry management as well
as the incoming infestation of the Emerald Ash Borer. They even has a sustainability plan
and a climate change plan. Finally, goals are laid out for the future, such as planting
1,000,000 trees by 2025. This is significant to urban forestry because it shows that trees
arent only for looks but they go a great length to help cities economically.

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The Disadvantages of Having Trees in an Open Area. SFGate Homeguides. Taboola, n.d.
Web. 28 Sept. 2016. SFGate explains that although usually trees are a beautiful asset to a
landscape, the reality is that if theyre planted in an open area. Trees can become more of
a nuisance than an asset. Trees isolated in open areas usually arent as aesthetically
pleasing as trees planted more strategically near each other. Trees in open areas are more
conducive to getting sunburn, harboring pests, or damaging lawns. Essentially, if youre
going to plant a tree, its usually a good idea to avoid wide, open spaces. This is
significant to urban forestry because it shows that not all trees will be beneficial. If not
planted properly, trees can hurt their surroundings instead. By planting trees intelligently
its more beneficial to the urban forest as a whole.
Emerald Ash Borer. Hungry Pests. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 20 Sept. 2016. Web. 20
Sept. 2016. The article about the Emerald Ash Borer(EAB) is a general outline of the
threat of the EAB, how to identify an infestation, and just touches briefly as to what the
reader can do about the EAB. The Emerald Ash Borer is a relatively new threat, as it was
introduced in Michigan in 2002. Since then it has spread east but is now on its way west.
As of now, there are no definitive cures for the EAB, but just preventative measures. Its
up to homeowners as well as cities to determine what treatments are suitable for the
region. The EAB targets all sixteen species of ash as well as the White Fringetree. Any
product made of ash ranging from bats to firewood is capable of harboring the EAB and
transporting it to new regions. Symptoms include yellow, thin, and wilted foliage. Also, if
a tree is infested, there will be small holes in the trunk. As a citizen, the most important

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thing that one can do is simply to just be educated about the prominent threat of the EAB.
This is significant to urban forestry because the EAB is capable of destroying huge
chunks of urban forestry. Developed ash trees will take years to be replanted and grow
which means its necessary for people to know about the threat.
Hamblin, James. The Health Benefit of Trees. The Atlantic. The Atlantic, 29 July 2014.
Web. 29 Sept. 2016. The main point of this article is that trees in urban trees are more
important than trees in rural areas. The author, James Hamblin cites a lot of statistics
regarding the health benefits that trees provide to people in cities. Trees help people in
the U.S. save a cumulative 6.8 billion dollars each year in health costs. After the Emerald
Ash Borer was introduced between 1990 and 2007, 6,113 human deaths came as a result
of not having the trees that were killed by the EAB. Besides just the pollution that trees
filter out of the air, they also provide psychological benefits. Hamblin refers to a study in
1975 in which patients had their gallbladders removed. Patients who had rooms with
views of trees recovered substantially faster than the rest. With air pollution killing about
7 million people per year globally, its important to start looking at the true health
benefits that urban forests provide. This is isignificant because it shows that beyond looks
trees go a long ways to help the health of people.
Herms, Daniel. Insecticide Options for Protecting Ash Trees From Emerald Ash Borer.
Emerald Ash Borer Info. USDA Forest Service, n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2016. This article is a
very comprehensive guide on not only what the Emerald Ash Borer is, but describes the
possible treatments and how to approach the threat of the EAB. Treating inflicted trees

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rather than completely removing them has proven to be the most cost-effective way of
dealing with the pests. Although research is still being conducted, it has already been
concluded that there are effective treatments available in todays market. Whats most
important for homeowners as well as cities is to be educated about the EAB. A crucial
step in effective prevention is applying treatment in a timely manner. Too early or too
late can be a waste of pesticide and time, not to mention losing the tree. There are also
several different kinds of treatments, such as drenches, injections, and sprays. Each treats
differently and has different pros and cons. Ultimately, the EAB is very treatable as long
as it is done correctly. This is significant to urban forestry because it outlines ways to
save and protect our urban forests from the impending EAB threat. By properly
implementing this information it could preserve many of the benefits that urban forests
have to offer.
Hook, E.J. Personal Interview. 3 Dec. 2016. E.J. Hook is MSUs environmental services
manager. He works diligently to make sure that MSUs trees are healthy and that
everyone can enjoy them on a daily basis. He truly appreciates the value of all our trees
and he is very knowledgeable about urban forestry. Because my topic is urban forestry,
he was the perfect candidate to talk to regarding urban forestry, especially in Bozeman. I
learned how influential MSUs urban forest is to the city of Bozeman and that its scope
is much wider than just MSU.
Julia Butterfly Hill Defends California Redwoods. Swathmore College. Global
Nonviolent Action Database, n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2016. This source describes what Julia

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Butterfly Hill experienced when she was in Luna. It was relevant to my biography
because it described the life of the person who my interview was about. I learned how she
got her nickname and some of the things in her life that led her to save Luna.

Morris, Michael. "City Replaces Oak Trees Cut by Wendy's Owner." Houston Chronicle.
Houston Chronicle, n.d. Web. 1 May 2015. This article explains when a series of trees
were cut down by a Wendys owner because he thought that trees were blocking his
business. They were public trees, which caused angst for the city. The actions of one
irresponsible individual took the benefits of the tree away from everybody else. This was
relevant to my editorial because the whole point of it was to convince people to respect
our trees. By citing the actions of this man, hopefully others will realize how important
our trees really are.
Overton, Mitch. Personal Interview. 1 Nov. 2016. Mitch Overton is Bozemans head of Parks
and Recreation and he is in charge of our citys urban forest. Overton is incredibly
passionate about our trees and has worked with my mother in the past to plant trees in
our neighborhood, thus making him the perfect candidate. In my interview I learned
several new things as well as confirmed a lot of what I already knew. He gave me great
information to incorporate into my essay such as the fact that trees slow down traffic.
He was relevant to my topic because he shares the same passion as I do for trees and is
very knowledgeable about urban forestry.
"Protecting L.A.'s Trees." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 15 Mar. 2016. Web. 13 Nov.

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2016. This is an editorial that describes how important trees are in Los Angeles and how
they are being cut down at an alarming rate. The author of this article has a great
appreciation of trees and this fit in very well into my editorial. This is relevant because I
too am trying to persuade people to value our trees and information from this article
proved to be very useful.
Purple. Julia Hill, the Remarkable Woman Who Saved a Tree by Living in it for Two Years.
Odditycentral. Odditycentral, 2016. Web. 31 Oct. 2016. This source also gives a detailed
description of Hills life and explains her values and her motives behind sitting in a tree
for two years. Its relevant to my topic because it talks about a woman who highly values
trees and is still doing things to protect them. My hope is that by using this information in
my portfolio it will inspire others to do things of their own to protect the trees.

Robbins, Jim. The Man Who Planted Trees. New York: Spiegel, Grau, 2012. Print. Jim Robbins
wrote this book to describe his story of how he found sanctuary among planting trees. He
almost died from alcoholism, but found solace and is now sober from planting trees.
Hes on a mission to clone the worlds oldest tree and make it available forever. The
actions of this man have inspired me to pursue planting my own trees in the future. He is
relevant to my project because he has understands the importance of urban forestry and
is spreading the word to everyone. His discoveries have been incredibly useful in my
own research.
Threats to Bozemans Urban Forest and the Emerald Ash Borer. City of Bozeman. City of

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Bozeman, n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2016. Published by the city of Bozeman, this article
provides an overview of the impending Ash Borer threat, but specifically to the city of
Bozeman. Unfortunately, Bozemans urban forest is comprised of 50% Ash trees; 80%
downtown. If Bozeman were to neglect treating its ash trees, the city would suffer a
tremendous infrastructural loss. Bozeman is especially vulnerable because I-90 runs
directly through, making the chances for infected goods to pass through the city. Its
essential to treat the ash borer instead of replanting the trees because of threats public
safety, economic loss, loss environmental benefits, and a decrease in the quality of life
for Bozeman residents. This is significant to urban forestry because it will show people in
Bozeman that our city is not immune to the threat and hopefully prompt people to take
action.
Top 22 Benefits of Trees. TreePeople. TreePeople, 2016. Web. 19 Sept. 2016. This article
by the Tree People touches on a wide variety of the advantages that trees provide to us.
Trees help virtually everyone. They help to mitigate climate change-one of the most
pressing global issues, they help save homeowners money through energy costs, they are
spiritual outlets for adults, and so much more. All the reasons go towards encouraging the
planting of trees as well as protecting them for future generations. Its clear after reading
the article of just how large the scope of trees really is. This is significant to urban
forestry because it encompasses all of the benefits that trees provide and touches on
assets that trees provide that many wouldnt know already.
The Tree Nursery. Arbor day Foundation. Arbor Day Foundation, 2016. Web. 29 Sept.

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2016. Simply just a list of trees that are suitable to plant in the northwest region,
specifically trees that arent ash. This is significant to urban forestry because it provides
alternatives to planting the ash tree. Ash trees cant be planted currently as a result of the
EAB.
Urban and Community Forestry. US Forest Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture, 9 June
2014. Web. 20 Sept. 2016. The U.S. Forest Service is looking to promote the growth and
development of urban forestry through a series of facts that demonstrate the benefits of
having trees in an urban environment. The facts touch on air quality, energy savings,
local economies, storm water runoff, social connections, urban growth, and walkable
communities. Urban forests improve the quality of life for everyone while offering
beauty and practical benefits. Ultimately, its a push to encourage people to plant trees
and become aware of all the benefits that trees can provide to a community, not just in
forests, but directly in the city. This is significant to urban forestry because the US forest
service is a well known government program, especially in Bozeman. If the US forest
service recognizes the importance of urban and community forestry, others likely will,
also.
Watson, Nessim. Julia Butterfly Hill. Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, 9 July
2015. Web. 29 Oct. 2016. This source also details the life of Julia Butterfly Hill but
gives a few facts that the other sources didnt mention. Its relevant because Julia Hill is
an incredibly important figure for the conservation of our trees. She is an important
person to look up to as a leader in environmental activism. I learned that she wasnt

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always an activist, in fact she used to be quite the opposite. After a catastrophic car
accident, she came to love nature.