Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by Emily Bront
Te a c h e r s
Material
C O N T E N T S
Wuthering Heights
TO THE TEACHER
LIST
OF
MAIN CHARACTERS
P L O T S U M M A RY
The story starts when Mr Lockwood visits his landlord, Mr Heathcliff, at his house, Wuthering Heights.
Heathcliff is unpleasant and inhospitable, but due to a severe snowstorm, Mr Lockwood is forced to stay
overnight. He is awakened from his sleep by a tapping noise at the window. When he opens it, he discovers
a ghostly-looking young woman who begs to be let in. She says her name is Catherine Linton and that she
has been roaming the moors for twenty years. When Heathcliff hears the commotion, he rushes in and
shouts for Cathy to return. Later, Lockwood asks Nelly Dean, his housekeeper, who used to work at
Wuthering Heights, to tell him about the strange people who live there. She agrees, and her story begins.
One day, Mr Earnshaw, the owner of Wuthering Heights, brings home a poor gypsy boy. He names him
Heathcliff. To his dismay, both his wife and son, Hindley, reject the boy. Only his daughter, Cathy,
befriends him. Soon after, Mrs Earnshaw dies and the rivalry between Hindley and Heathcliff grows.
Hindley is sent to a boarding school and returns four years later when his father dies. Accompanied by
Frances, his new wife, Hindley becomes master of Wuthering Heights and continues to treat Heathcliff
cruelly.
One evening, Cathy and Heathcliff decide to go spy on their wealthy neighbours, the Lintons, at
Thrushcross Grange. However, the Lintons dogs attack them and Cathys foot is badly injured. She
remains there to recover and becomes friendly with the two Linton children, Isabella and Edgar.
The following summer, Hindleys wife dies soon after giving birth to a son, Hareton. Heartbroken, Hindley
begins drinking heavily.
Cathy tells Nelly that Edgar Linton proposed to her. She explains that she really loves Heathcliff but wont
marry him because he is poor. Overhearing this, Heathcliff runs away, causing Cathy to become ill. Soon
after, Edgars parents die. Edgar becomes master of Thrushcross Grange, and Cathy later agrees to marry
him. To her delight, Heathcliff returns six months after her marriage, looking like a gentleman, and goes to
live with Hindley at Wuthering Heights. There they gamble and play cards. Isabella, Edgars sister, falls in
love with Heathcliff and so Edgar forbids him to visit the house. Cathy becomes dangerously ill because
she cant see Heathcliff, and its revealed that shes expecting a child.
To Edgars disappointment, Isabella marries Heathcliff, but he treats her so badly that she runs away from
him and moves to London. There she has a baby whom she names Linton. Heathcliff manages to visit
Cathy one last time. That night, after giving birth to a little girl, she dies. Both Edgar and Heathcliff are
devastated. Edgar names his daughter Catherine.
Heathcliff becomes master of Wuthering Heights when Hindley dies. In London, Isabella also dies. Her son
is sent to Thrushcross Grange, but Heathcliff, having plans for Linton, immediately claims him. Years later,
Catherine meets Linton, and after being trapped at Wuthering Heights, she is forced to marry him. Once her
father dies, Catherine is brought to live with Linton at Wuthering Heights, but they are unhappy. Linton,
whose health has always been poor, soon dies. Catherine is left to live with Heathcliff and Hareton. This is
the situation Mr Lockwood finds at Wuthering Heights.
Months later, Heathcliff, behaving strangely, locks himself in his room where Nelly finds him dead the next
morning. The local people say he heard Cathys voice the night he died and that theyve seen their ghosts
running on the moors at night. Catherine and Hareton fall in love and fix a date for their wedding.
3
Wuthering Heights
ABOUT
THE
AUTHOR
Emily Bront was born in 1818 in Yorkshire, England, the fifth of six children. Two years later, the Bront
family moved to the village of Haworth, to a large stone house on the wild moors. Emilys father was a
vicar and also a writer. Reverend Bront had an arts degree from Cambridge University and was anxious
that his children also have a good education. He brought tutors for them, and he himself enriched their
minds with stories and legends. He taught them how to debate, and they were familiar with the political
events and personalities of the times. From an early age, the Bront children were encouraged to write, and
they wrote poems, stories and plays, all in tiny handwriting in order to save paper.
In 1842, encouraged by their father, Charlotte and Emily took the bold step of going abroad to Brussels.
They attended a school for girls kept by Mme Heger and her husband. He was a professor of rhetoric at the
local university and also taught the students at his private school. The two girls were very good students.
All subjects were taught in French, and they quickly learned the language. Other subjects were German,
music and drawing. Both Emily and Charlotte received an excellent education.
Charlotte remained in Brussels for some time, taking up the post of governess. Emily, not in good health,
returned to Haworth and devoted herself to writing. When Charlotte returned, she was impressed by the
quality of Emilys poems. Anne, another sister who had remained at home, had also written some poems.
Charlotte added her poems and decided that the collection should be published. This was not easy. At that
time in England, women were not admitted to university, not allowed to vote and the majority of women
could not even read or write. The Bront sisters knew that no one would publish a book with their own
names, so they offered their work under the male aliases of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell, keeping only the
first initials of their names, Charlotte, Emily and Anne Bront.
A year later, in 1847, the three sisters each succeeded in publishing their novels; Charlottes Jane Eyre,
Annes Agnes Grey and Emilys only novel, Wuthering Heights. In the novels of the Bront sisters, we see
the influence of their environment. Emilys inspiration for Wuthering Heights undoubtedly came from the
bleak moors that surrounded their home, the isolated life, and the indomitable temperament of the people
who lived under such harsh conditions. We do not know if Emilys passionate love story had its counterpart
in her short life or if it was the product of an educated mind and brilliant imagination. We can imagine that
the following lines, written by Emily, were the inspiration for the great love of Cathy and Heathcliff in
Wuthering Heights.
REMEMBRANCE
Cold in the earth and the deep snow piled about thee
Far, far removed, cold in the dreary grave!
Have I forgot, my only Love, to love thee,
Severed at last by Times all-severing wave?
When Emily died of tuberculosis at the age of 30, her sister Charlotte wrote of her, Day by day, when I
saw with what a front she looked on suffering, I looked on her with an anguish of wonder and love. I have
seen nothing like it; but indeed, I have never seen her parallel in anything. Stronger than a man, simpler
than a child, her nature stood alone.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Life Expectancy: In the early 1800s, most of England was very unhealthy. There was no piped water,
and there were no sanitation installations. Refuse was thrown out of cottage doors and left to rot. It is
no wonder that people became ill and died young. At a public enquiry held in 1850, it was stated that
the average life expectancy was 26 years and over 40% of children died before the age of six.
The Fame of the Bronts: Every year, thousands of visitors go to the village of Haworth and visit the
Bronts house where the sisters wrote and lived. There, tourists can walk around the village and over
the very moors that Emily wrote about in Wuthering Heights.
4
Wuthering Heights
BEFORE READING
SUGGESTIONS
FOR
LEAD-IN ACTIVITIES
In pairs, students ask and answer the following questions. Alternatively, you can ask the questions and elicit
the answers from the whole class. (Some suggested answers are provided in italics.)
What are the moors? (The moors are open areas of high land with poor soil which isnt suitable for
farming. Theyre mainly covered with grass or low bushes, and heather, a plant with small flowers that
grows wild on the moorlands. These plants dont provide much protection from the fierce and bittercold winds that blow over the moors.)
How do you think the isolation affects the people who live on the moors? Do you think that the
location influenced the characters in the story? (People who live in isolated areas have to rely on
themselves and the few people around them. Isolation means being far from a town, a market or a
doctor. Before television or radio was invented, people had to create their own entertainment.)
Why do you think people died young in the period during which the story took place? (unsanitary
conditions, malnutrition, etc.) Which diseases were prevalent at that time? (bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.)
Are they prevalent today? (Yes, in war zones, Third World countries, etc.) If not, why not? (Fatal
diseases are less prevalent in developed countries with modern equipment, medicine and improved
sanitary conditions.)
K E Y V O C A B U L A RY
1. Pre-teach the words in bold. They are presented in context for your convenience. You could also use the
passages as a dictation for your students.
A. When a black-haired gypsy boy is adopted by a kind man, it brings trouble to everyone. The
mans wife is angry with him and thinks that her husband is foolish. The mans son hates the boy
and thinks he is useless. Even the mans ill-tempered servant curses the boy. Only his young
daughter accepts the boy into their home as a friend.
B. The boy was a good worker but very moody, for he noticed the cold atmosphere around him.
When the old man died, the boy was heartbroken. He realised that he was an orphan again.
2. In A, the bolded words are adjectives. Ask the students to write their opposites. In B, ask the students to
write sentences with the words in bold.
Wuthering Heights
DRAMA ACTIVITIES
AND
PROJECT SUGGESTIONS
1. Write the letter that Mr Lockwood sends to a friend after he comes to live in Thrushcross Grange.
Describe the area and your neighbours (at Wuthering Heights).
2. Work with a partner. Act out the conversation between Mr and Mrs Earnshaw the morning after
Heathcliff is brought to Wuthering Heights.
3. Imagine that you are Cathy. You are staying at Thrushcross Grange after the dogs have bitten you.
Write a letter to Nelly Dean, telling her about the Linton family.
4. Choose two female characters: Isabella / Cathy, Cathy / Catherine, etc. and write a paragraph
comparing them.
5. Work with a partner. Student A is Heathcliff. Student B is a journalist who works for a local
newspaper. Your paper has asked you to interview Heathcliff after he becomes the master of
Wuthering Heights. Ask Heathcliff to describe his feelings. Act out the interview for the class.
6. Imagine you are Isabella living in London. Write a letter to Edgar describing your life there as a single
mother raising a young child.
7. Imagine you are Heathcliff. Make a speech to the class in which you try to justify the way you acted
towards the other people in the story.
8. Write the entry in Catherines diary in which she discusses her developing friendship with Hareton
after being forced to live at Wuthering Heights.
9. Wuthering Heights is set in the Yorkshire moors. Using an encyclopedia or the Internet to help you,
write a paragraph about the Yorkshire moors.
10. It is unusual to find three sisters who are all authors. Using an encyclopedia or the Internet to help
you, write a paragraph about the three Bront sisters, Emily, Charlotte and Anne.
Wuthering Heights
THE
TEACHER:
TO
THE
STUDENTS:
Discuss the following statements. Decide if each is true (T) or false (F). Support your opinions with
observations and details from the story.
Statement
T/F
See the Burlington Reader Series general information leaflet, pages 13-15, for more After Reading
activities.
Group Work
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
1. When Mr Earnshaw brought Heathcliff into his
family, things changed for the worse.
True. From the moment Heathcliff entered the
family, there was trouble. Hindley hated
him from the start and shortly after, Mrs
Earnshaw died. Heathcliff did not respect
his neighbour, Edgar Linton, and
interfered in his marriage to Cathy. He
also married Isabella and made her
miserable.
Wuthering Heights
II
III
IV
1. attempted
tested
tried
advised
2. realised
proved
missed
understood
3. ill-humoured
sick
bad-tempered
foolish
4. rushed
ran
spoke
fell
5. on her own
in her mind
in her room
by herself
6. cheerful
upset
happy
moody
B. In each of the following sentences, fill in one blank with the name of a character from the list.
Then fill in the other blank with the correct word from column I above.
Joseph
Cathy
Mr Lockwood
Nelly Dean
Zillah
Heathcliff
not use
think
become
light
not think
not snow
not happen
stay
Heathcliffs servant Zillah took Mr Lockwood upstairs to a room that 1. ............................... in the
house, warning him to be quiet. She 2. ............................... a candle and left him. Mr Lockwood
3. ............................... to himself, If I 4. ............................... at home, this 5. ............................... . It
6. ...................................... when I left Thrushcross Grange. Why didnt I listen to my housekeeper and
7. ............................... at home? I 8. ............................... that I 9. ............................... this miserable
house again. I am sorry because I thought that Mr Heathcliff and I 10. ............................... friendly
neighbours.
D. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
1. Wuthering Heights is situated in an (ill-humoured / upset / isolated) part of the Yorkshire moors.
2. Mr Lockwood is the (landlord / owner / tenant) at Thrushcross Grange.
3. Cathy and Heathcliff (nursed / mourned / noticed) Mr Earnshaws death.
4. Cathy is ruled by her (emotions / behaviour / mercy).
5. Hindley and Heathcliff are (occasionally / never / always) on good terms with each other.
6. Heathcliff has a more (balanced / passionate / thankful) nature than Edgar.
ANSWERS
A. 1. tried
2. understood
3. bad-tempered
4. ran
5. by herself
6. happy
B. 1. Nelly Dean / cheerful
2. Mr Lockwood / attempted
3. Zillah / rushed
4. Joseph / ill-humoured
5. realised / Heathcliff
6. Cathy / on her own
C. 1. was not (wasnt) used
2. lit
3. thought
4. had stayed / had remained
5. would not (wouldnt) have happened
6. was not (wasnt) snowing
7. stay / remain
8. do not (dont) think
9. will visit
10. would become / could have become
D. 1. isolated
2. tenant
3. mourned
4. emotions
5. never
6. passionate
10
Wuthering Heights
Adjective
Adverb
madness
...............................
...............................
2. ...............................
...............................
truly / truthfully
3.
ice
...............................
...............................
4. ...............................
...............................
safely
5. ...............................
scornful
...............................
6. ...............................
...............................
wishfully
B. Use the correct words from the table above to complete the following sentences.
1. Isabella thought that Heathcliff would be good and kind to her. However, the ...............................
was very different.
2. When Nelly touched Heathcliffs hand, it was ............................... .
3. Heathcliff loved Cathy ............................... and passionately.
4. Heathcliff often spoke ............................... to those around him.
5. It was Heathcliffs ............................... that Catherine and Linton marry.
6. Edgar knew it wasnt ............................... to leave his daughter alone without Nelly.
C. Fill in the correct preposition: in, on, to, at, after or into.
Nelly told Heathcliff that he could come to see Cathy 1. ............................... Sunday,
2. ............................... Edgar and the servants had gone 3. ............................... church. When Heathcliff
saw Cathy, he couldnt look 4. ............................... her eyes. Will you be happy when I am
5. ............................... my grave? she asked. Dont be cruel 6. ............................... me! Heathcliff
cried. While you are 7. ............................... peace, Ill be 8. ............................... Hell.
D. Change the following sentences from Direct to Indirect Speech.
1. I called Dr Kenneth and he came straight away, Mr Linton told Hindley.
Mr Linton told Hindley that .................................................................................................................
2. Im in love with Heathcliff! Isabella said.
Isabella told Cathy that .........................................................................................................................
3. Heathcliff cannot enter my house, Edgar said.
Edgar told Cathy that ............................................................................................................................
4. Will you give up Heathcliff or do you want to lose me? Edgar asked.
Edgar asked Cathy ................................................................................................................................
5. Youre ill, Nelly said, and you must eat.
Nelly told Cathy that ............................................................................................................................
6. Isabella and Heathcliff drove through Gimmerton this morning, said Nelly.
Nelly told Edgar that ............................................................................................................................
11
ANSWERS
Noun
A.
Adjective
Adverb
1.
madness
mad
madly
2.
truth
true / truthful
truly / truthfully
3.
ice
icy
icily
4.
safety
safe
safely
5.
scorn
scornful
scornfully
6.
wish
wishful
wishfully
B. 1. truth
2. icy
3. madly
4. scornfully
5. wish
6. safe
C. 1. on
2. after
3. to
4. into
5. in
6. to
7. at
8. in
D. 1. Mr Linton told Hindley that he had called Dr Kenneth and that he had come straight away.
2. Isabella told Cathy that she was in love with Heathcliff.
3. Edgar told Cathy that Heathcliff could not enter his house.
4. Edgar asked Cathy if she would give up Heathcliff or if she wanted to lose him.
5. Nelly told Cathy that she was ill and that she had to eat.
6. Nelly told Edgar that Isabella and Heathcliff had driven through Gimmerton that morning.
12
Wuthering Heights
FINAL TEST
A. Choose the correct answer.
6. When Cathy realised that Heathcliff had gone,
a. she was angry with Joseph and Nelly.
b. she cried and became very ill.
c. she didnt care.
d. she told Nelly that she really loved Edgar.
C. Choose one topic and write a paragraph. Your paragraph should be at least 80 words long.
1. Compare the characters of Heathcliff and Edgar.
2. Write about the relationship between Cathy and Heathcliff.
3. Did you like this story? If so, why? If not, why not?
30 points
13
Final Test
ANSWERS
A. 1. d
3. c
5. c
7. a
9. c
2. a
4. a
6. b
8. a
10. c
B. 1. had lived
6. didnt receive
2. at
7. interested
3. set out
8. people
4. towards
9. felt
5. knocked on
14
Wuthering Heights
Chapter 7
Chapter 2
1. A young man called Hareton Earnshaw and a
young woman who was Heathcliffs daughterin-law.
2. Heathcliff was very rude and acted as if he
hated them.
Chapter 8
1. Cathy was taken to the Lintons house,
Thrushcross Grange.
2. Cathy and Edgar Linton were married.
3. Heathcliff appeared six months later.
4. Cathy was very happy. Edgar called Heathcliff
a gypsy but reluctantly allowed Cathy to
receive him.
Chapter 3
1. Because it was too dark to find his way and the
moors were covered in deep snow. Mr
Lockwood was afraid hed get lost.
2. Mr Lockwood heard strange noises outside,
and when he opened the window, a strange
young woman grabbed his hand and asked him
to let her in. He was terrified.
3. It was frightening. Heathcliffs face was white
and his hand trembled. He was full of anger
and pain and told Mr Lockwood to leave that
room at once.
Chapter 9
1. That she was in love with Heathcliff.
2. Cathy warned Isabella that Heathcliff was
cruel and Nelly told her to forget him.
Chapter 10
1. At first, Heathcliff didnt take Edgar seriously,
but after the situation became violent, he
forced the door open and left.
2. Cathy locked herself in her room. She refused
to eat and became very ill.
3. Isabella had run away with Heathcliff to
Gimmerton.
Chapter 4
1. Nelly Dean was Mr Lockwoods housekeeper.
She had formerly worked in Wuthering Heights
as a servant.
2. Joseph thought the boy came from the devil.
He kicked him down the stairs and threw him
into the stable.
Chapter 11
Chapter 5
15
Wuthering Heights
Chapter 12
1. Isabella, Lintons mother, had died.
2. Linton only stayed a night at Thrushcross
Grange because his father, Heathcliff, wanted
the boy to be with him at Wuthering Heights.
3. Linton was the heir of Thrushcross Grange and
he would inherit it when Edgar Linton died.
Chapter 13
1. Heathcliff wanted Linton and Catherine to fall
in love and get married so that they would both
be the owners of the Grange.
2. Linton was sickly, unable to walk long
distances. He had a poetic and romantic nature writing love letters to Catherine.
3. Catherine met another cousin, Hareton.
4. No. Linton continued writing love letters to
Catherine.
Chapter 14
1. Heathcliff told Catherine to go there and
comfort young Linton who was dying from a
broken heart.
2. Heathcliff took them all to Wuthering Heights
and forced Catherine to marry Linton.
3. After Edgars death, Heathcliff wanted
Catherine to look after her husband at
Wuthering Heights and made Nelly stay to take
care of the Grange.
4. Linton was a sick man and died a few months
later.
Epilogue
1. Mr Lockwood was away for three months, and
when he returned, another housekeeper was at
the Grange. She told him Nelly was living at
Wuthering Heights, so he went to visit her.
2. Heathcliff had died.
3. Heathcliff had kept Catherine at Wuthering
Heights like a prisoner. She had no one to talk to
except for Hareton. Slowly, they began to get
closer and she offered to teach Hareton to read
and write.
4. The local people said Heathcliff had heard
Cathys voice and tried to let her in through the
window. They also said theyd seen the ghosts
of Heathcliff and Cathy running on the moors at
night.