Fomento

Julio-agosto 2007

N 564

Revista del Ministerio de

9 771577 458013

00564

INGENIERA
ROMANA
EN ESPAA

Catlogo general de publicaciones oficiales:

http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es
Tienda virtual de publicaciones del Ministerio de Fomento:
www.fomento.es

Edita: Centro de Publicaciones

Secretara General Tcnica
Ministerio de Fomento

NIPO: En Tramitacin

Esta publicacin no se hace

necesariamente solidaria con las opiniones
expresadas en las colaboraciones firmadas

SUMARIO

M. D. Cordero

MATERIALES Y MTODOS CONSTRUCTIVOS

Los romanos revolucionaron la construccin con
nuevos materiales e ingeniosas tcnicas
DEL HORMIGN A LA BVEDA

22

TOPOGRAFA
El dominio de la topografa permiti a los ingenieros
romanos construir sus ms importantes obras
pblicas
MEDICIONES PARA LA ETERNIDAD

38

CALZADAS
La organizacin de la red peninsular de vas romanas
POR LOS CAMINOS DE HISPANIA

58

PUENTES
Los puentes permitieron enlazar las calzadas y
extender el Imperio por Hispania
CAMINOS SOBRE EL AGUA

76

INGENIERA HIDRULICA
Los romanos fueron unos maestros de las obras
hidrulicas, muchas de las cuales an se conservan
LAS VENAS DEL AGUA

96

PUERTOS
Vestigios romanos en los puertos de nuestro pas
LA HUELLA DEL MAR

108

NAVEGACIN
La nave mercante romana fue la ms evolucionada de
toda la Antigedad
ENTRE EL COMERCIO Y LA GUERRA

122

CIUDADES
El modelo urbanstico romano en Hispania
RECINTOS PARA LA VIDA PBLICA

142

Julio-agosto 2007
N 564

INGENIERA MILITAR
De los campamentos legionarios a las murallas
urbanas
UN EJRCITO CONSTRUCTOR

160

MINERA
Los romanos ejercieron una intensa explotacin de
las minas de oro y plata de Hispania
EN BUSCA DEL PRECIADO METAL

176

Esta revista se imprime en papel ecolgico

MINISTERIO
DE FOMENTO

Edita:
Centro de Publicaciones.
Secretara General Tcnica
Ministerio de Fomento
Esta publicacin no se hace
necesariamente solidaria con
las opiniones expresadas en
las colaboraciones firmadas

BIBLIOGRAFA

Director de la Revista: Antonio Recuero

Edicin: Javier R. Ventosa. Maquetacin: J. A. Laiz. Secretaria de redaccin: Mercedes Cantero.
Fotografa: Jos Caballero. Portada: M. D. Cordero.
Archivo fotogrfico: Juan Santiso. Elaboracin pgina web (www.fomento.es/publicaciones): Concepcin Tejedor.
Colaboran en este nmero: Soledad Brdalo, M del Carmen Heredia, Macarena Herrera, Pepa Martn,
M del Mar Merino, Begoa Olabarrieta, Beatriz Rodrguez Lpez, Jos Ignacio Rodrguez y Raquel Santos.
Administracin: Jos Luis Turrado Turrado. Suscripciones: Mara Ulled. Tel.: 91 859 11 12 C./ Eduardo Costa, 21 - local 7 Minicentro El Bulevar 28250
Torrelodones (Madrid). Informacin de publicaciones del Ministerio de Fomento: (91) 597 64 49/78. Direccin: Nuevos Ministerios. Paseo de la
Castellana, 67. 28071 Madrid. Telf. (91) 5 97 80 84. Fax. (91) 5 97 84 70. Redaccin: Telf. 5 97 72 64 / 65. E-mail: cpublic@fomento.es
Comit de redaccin: PRESIDENCIA: Toms Merola Macans. Vicepresidente: Ramn Lorenzo Martnez. Vocales: Jos Mara Noguerol Fernndez
(Director de Relaciones Institucionales y Comunicacin), Manuela Ferrari (Secretara de Estado de Infraestructuras y Planificacin), ngel Salazar Martnez
(Secretara General de Infraestructuras), Jos Luis Lpez-Sors Gonzlez (Secretara General de Transportes), Ana Isabel Vzquez (Subsecretara), Brbara
Trincado Coso (Direccin General de Aviacin Civil), Luca Beloqui (Directora del Gabinete Tcnico del Cedex), Emilio Sidera Leal (Direccin General de
Transportes por Carretera), Fernando M. Martnez-Cano (Direccin General de la Marina Mercante), Antonio Recuero Almazn (Director de la Revista).
Impresin, publicidad y distribucin: Tilde Comunicacin Corporativa S.L. C./ Eduardo Costa, 21 - local 7 28250 Torrelodones (Madrid) Tel.: 91 859 07 07
Fax: 91 859 24 02 Correo-e: tilde@tilde-sic.es. Director de Produccin: Luis Puig. Publicidad: Juan Carlos Abad Tel.: 91 859 07 07 / 659 846 377
Dep. Legal: M-666-1958. ISSN: 1577-4589. NIPO: 161-07-027-3.

PRESENTACIN

LA PIEDRA LIGERA
ANTONIO RECUERO
ranscurridos en muchos casos ms de
dos mil aos desde su construccin, el
extenso legado de Roma en Espaa
ciudades, calzadas, puentes, acueductos no cesa de suscitar nuestra ms
viva admiracin. Sin duda en ello tienen que ver tanto su perdurabilidad hasta hace
apenas dos siglos sus mtodos constructivos no
slo mantenan plena vigencia, sino que aun buena parte de las obras transmitidas, trtese de
puentes, presas o acueductos, seguan prestando
con intachable eficacia los servicios para los que
fueron concebidos como la grandiosidad e intrnseca maestra con que vinieron a resolver
problemas complejos: la distribucin de grandes
cargas en altura por medio de arcos; los trasvases de agua a largas distancias salvando muy diferentes cotas de nivel; la cimentacin expuesta
a aguas profundas o caudalosas; el saneamiento
urbano

Hasta hace bien poco era un lugar comn aceptar la profusin y ejemplaridad de ese valioso legado como paradigma del sentido prctico que
alentaba en la primitiva civilizacin latina. Por
fortuna, la creciente incorporacin a su estudio
de expertos procedentes de muy distintas facetas de la ingeniera est poniendo de relieve tambin el amplio repertorio de conocimientos tericos que alienta detrs de cada una de las
realizaciones ms singulares, sean stas el
puente de Alcntara,
el acueducto de
Segovia o las presas de Almonacid o
Proserpina, por citar
slo algunos de los
ejemplos ms sobresalientes de los conservados aqu.
Por lo que concierne a nuestro pas, es
cada vez ms amplia
la nmina de ingenieros ilustres animados a seguir la

estela del gran Carlos Fernndez Casado, siempre infatigable en el estudio y puesta en valor del
ms humilde vestigio ingenieril con caracteres
histricos. Artfice comprometido en una de las
primeras grandes restauraciones del acueducto
segoviano all por los comienzos de 1970, Fernndez Casado se refera a esa labor como una
de las tareas ms gratas y emocionantes de cuantas le depar nunca la profesin de ingeniero. En
esa senda trabaja desde hace unos seis aos el colectivo Traianus, un amplio grupo de profesionales de diversas reas de la ingeniera coordinados por Isaac Moreno bajo el empeo comn
de arrojar nuevas luces sobre el legado al que debiera corresponder en verdad el sello de autenticidad del periodo romano
Finalmente, sera del todo injusto no recordar
especialmente en estas pginas la ingente tarea
investigadora y didctica de Ignacio Gonzlez
Tascn, tan impagable como generoso asesor de
esta publicacin en tantas ocasiones. Slo su
inesperado fallecimiento cuando este monogrfico comenzaba a gestarse nos ha impedido contar esta vez con sus sagaces orientaciones. En Ignacio convergan como en pocos el rigor y
minuciosidad del investigador puro con un singular talento para su divulgacin. Su inters y entusiasmo contagiosos siguen alentando e iluminando la recuperacin e incorporacin a
nuestro patrimonio histrico de
cuantas manifestaciones han jalonado la evolucin de la ingeniera en Espaa. De su
entregada labor en estos ltimos aos, Ignacio nos deja
una amplia bibliografa y, sobre todo, la ms amena puerta
de entrada al mundo de la ingeniera romana desde la exposicin Artifex, promovida
por este ministerio en colaboracin con el de Cultura y
la Fundacin Juanelo Turriano. Sin duda, Ignacio,
erit tibi terra levis.

Julio-agosto 2007

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