Lab Report: CLD 20502 Basic Engineering Workshop

Lecturers Name :
Nurul Iman binti Razak
Group/ Name:

Date:

Nur Farah Izzati bt Rossedi

12th October 2016

Title :
Labwork 5: Machining Turning
Introduction/ objective :
This experiment is about the machining process of turning using the Lathe Machine (Shown in Appendix). Lathe
is a machine used for shaping a piece of material, such as wood or metal, by rotating it rapidly along its axis
while pressing a fixed cutting tool against it [Anonymous A, 2013]. Turning is a machining process in which a
cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit, describes a helical toolpath by moving more or less linearly while the
workpiece rotates. The tools axes of movement may be literally a straight line, or they may be along some set
of curves or angles, but they are essentially linear. In this experiment, an aluminium rod measuring 122 mm in
length, and a diameter of 45 mm was used as the workpiece. The turning process is only for fabrication of round
(cylinder-shaped) workpiece, rather than a flat one as used in the milling process. During the turning process,
the material is rotated at high speed and the carbide insert (cutting tool) will be fed to the material in order to
start cutting. By feeding the carbide insert, material is cut away from the workpiece in the form of small chips.
The experiment has very standard procedure. Firstly, switch on the power supply. The pre-shaped aluminium rod
is then placed in a compartment at the spindle. Then, adjust the turning and facing handles (adjusters) to read 0,
this will direct the cutting tool to the edge of the workpiece prior to shaping. Every step taken in this experiment
is carried out with the purpose of achieving the following objectives; to familiarize with the lathe machine, to
familiarize with the measurement tools, to familiarize with turning, facing, drilling, and tapering processes, and
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to understand the usage of lathe machine in fabrication work.

Apparatus/ Material:
[1] Single point tool with carbide insert
[2] Vernier Caliper
[3] Aluminium Rod
[4] Spanner
[5] Lathe Machine
Methodology:
1. Using a suitable graphical/ picture, explain steps as listed below.
a) Facing

[1] The dimension of the workpiece was measured :

Length = 122 mm
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[2] The over measure from the aluminium rod were removed to get the required measurements using the
Lathe Machine.
[3] The process was started with facing. Both ends were machined off until you get the length of rod of 120
mm.
[4] The rotation of the machine was set to anti-clockwise.
[5] Scale for Facing = 0-10 = 1 mm, 0-0 = 15 mm.

b) Turning

[1] The dimension of the workpiece was measured :

Diameter = 45 mm
[2] The over measure from the aluminium rod were removed to get the required measurements using the
Lathe Machine.
[3] Turning process was done until a rod diameter of 42 mm was obtained.
[4] The rotation of the machine was set to anti-clockwise.
[5] Scale for Turning = 0-50 = 1 mm
[6] Turning process starts by shaping the largest part then proceeds to the smallest part.

c) Tapering

[1] The workpiece was fitted to the spindle.

[2] Tapering process was done with an angle of 30 at the end of point H.

d) Drilling

[1] The workpiece was fitted to the spindle.

[2] The drilling machine was setup.
[3] The hole drilled until reached 20 mm with the diameter 10 mm.
[4] The shape was finished by using facing and turning process.

Result/ Discussion:
1. Measure your final workpiece by using a suitable measurement tool.

A) ___________
B) ___________
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C) ___________
D) ___________
E) ___________
F) ___________
G) ___________
H) ___________

Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have learned the steps involved in the machining process of turning (lathe) which are Facing,
Turning, Tapering, and Drilling. Also, the ways to operate the machine in order to shape a metal to ones desire.
Besides that, we have also learned to identify the movement of the axes of facing and turning, as well as how to
obtain values of 0 for both axes. Also, turning is one of the most basic machining processes. Not just that, we
have also learn the safety precautions that has to be taken before using the Lathe Machine. In addition, we also
learn other operations that the Lathe Machine can function such as Boring, Parting, and Grooving. Based on the
experiment, the resulted product is as expected. At the end of the experiment, we have familiarized ourselves
with the lathe machine, measurement tools, the processes involved; turning, facing, drilling, and tapering, and
have understand the usage of lathe machine in fabrication work. In conjunction to that, precautions were taken to
ensure smooth run of the experiment, thus applying safety in the machining process of turning. As closure,
referring to all statements mentioned, the objectives of this experiment were achieved.

Tutorial:
1. List the safety precaution need to be considered while using lathe machine.
Before starting any lathe operations, always prepare yourself by rolling up your sleeves and removing
any accessories that can be caught while operating the machine.
Wear goggles or an approved face shield at all times whenever you operate a lathe or when you are near a
lathe that is being operated.
Be sure the work area is clear of obstructions that you might fall or trip over.
Keep the deck area of your machine clear of oil or grease to prevent the possibility of slipping or falling
into the machine.
Always use assistance when handling large workpieces or large chucks.
Never remove chips with your bare hands. Use a stick or brush, and always stop the machine.

Always secure power to the machine when you take measurements or make adjustments to the chuck.
Be attentive, not only to the operation of your machine, but also to events going on around it. Never
permit skylarking in the area.
Should it become necessary to operate the lathe while the ship is underway, be especially safety
conscious (Machines should be operated only in relatively calm seas).
Be alert to the location of the cutting tool while you take measurements or make adjustments.
Always observe the specific safety precautions posted for the machine you are operating.
[Megan Martin, 1999-2013]

2. List any other operation that can be done using lathe machine.
Boring
Boring is the machining of holes or any interior cylindrical surface. The piece to be bored must have a drilled or
cored hole, and the hole must be large enough to insert the tool. The boring process merely enlarges the hole to
the desired size or shape. The advantage of boring is that a true round hole is obtained, and two or more holes of
the same or different diameters may be bored at one setting, thus ensuring absolute alignment of the axis of the
holes [Anonymous B, 2013].

Parting
Parting off or cutoff, is used to create deep grooves which will remove a completed or part-complete component
from its parent stock [Anonymous C, 2013].
Grooving
Grooving is like parting, except that grooves are cut to a specific depth instead of severing a complted/partcomplete component from the stock [Anonymous C, 2013].

References:
[1] [Anonymous A, 2013],
Lathe,
[12 th

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lathe,
November 2013]
[2] [Megan Martin, 1999-2013],
Safety Precautions for Lathe Machines,
precautions-lathe-machines.html,

http://www.ehow.com/list_6902667_safety[12th November 2013]

[3] [Anonymous B, 2013],

Boring With The Lathe,
handbook/chapter-3/page/29,
[4] [Anonymous C, 2013],

http://www.smithy.com/machiningth

[13 November 2013]

Turning,
[13 th

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turning,
November 2013]
[5] [Anonymous D, 2013],

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Lathe Machine

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