(Draft Unik) Pump

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DESIGN OF CHEMICAL ENZYMATIC PROCESS OF

EPOXIDE
ASSIGNMENT 3
GROUP 6
GROUP PERSONNEL:
ARDITA RIZKY PUTRI ARCANGGI
CLAUDIA MAYA INDRAPUTRI
MERIELL JADE EUGENIA T
TERRY MUHAMMAD OCTARYNO
UNIK YULIANTINA RISQI
(1306402293)
(1306412180)
(1306447770)
(1306370770)
(1306370991)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK 2016
EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY
XX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................iii
LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................v
CHAPTER I............................................................................................................6
Equipmet Sizing and Material Construction.......................................................6
1.1.
Jatropha curcas Oil Storage......................................................................6
1.2.
Hydrogen Peroxide Storage.......................................................................6
1.3.
Boiler for Jatropha curcas oil...................................................................6
1.4.
Boiler for Hydrogen Peroxide...................................................................6
1.5.
Reactor.......................................................................................................6
1.6.
Microfiltration...........................................................................................6
1.7.
Washer 1....................................................................................................6
1.8.
Washer 2....................................................................................................6
1.9.
Flash Evaporator........................................................................................6
1.10.
Cooler....................................................................................................6
1.11.
Product Storage......................................................................................6
1.12.
Pump......................................................................................................6
1.13.
Heat Exchanger......................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2...........................................................................................................7
PROCESS SELECTION.......................................................................................7
2.1.
Piping and Instrumental Diagram..............................................................7
2.2.
Control, Instrumentation and PID of Each Equipment.............................7
2.2.1 Reactor PFD............................................................................................7

2.2.2 Microfiltration PFD.................................................................................7
2.2.3 Washer PFD............................................................................................7
2.2.4 Flash Evaporator PFD.............................................................................7
2.2.5 Cooler PFD.............................................................................................7
2.3.
Plant Wide Control....................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3...........................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................8
REFERENCE.........................................................................................................9
Universitas Indonesia
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER I
Equipmet Sizing and Material Construction
1.1.
Jatropha curcas Oil Storage

XXX
1.2. Hydrogen Peroxide Storage

1.3. Boiler for Jatropha curcas oil
1.4. Boiler for Hydrogen Peroxide
1.5. Reactor
1.6. Microfiltration
Microfiltration that we use in our plant designed based on Pharmalab India
Pvt. Ltd. India. Before choose the the type of microfiltarion we need to define the
data about flow rate in each microfiltration equipment . The data of microfiltration
consists of
MF-102 dan MF-101. The aim of microfiltration is
filtrate the
impurities.
Specification Microfiltration
(Source: Pharmalab India Pvt. Ltd. India)
Table of mass flow of MF -102

Material
Acrylic Resin
Lipase
Na2HPO4
NaH2PO4
Water
Mass rate (kg/h)

22,86
6,53
0,026
0,35
340,635
Based on that specification, the filter press that will used with specification:
Diameter of Plate : 08 inch

Number of Plate : 4
Ht of Plate : 25 mm
Filtration Area : 0.132 Sq. mtr.
Cake Holding Capacity :
o CV : 2,8
o RF : 2,5
Flow Rate : 370,97 Ltr/Hr
Table of mass flow of MF -101

Material
Acrylic Resin
Epoxidized Linoleic
Epoxidized Oleic
Hydroperoxide
Linolenic Acid
Liipase
Na2HPO4
NaH2PO4
Palmitic Acid
Stearic Acid
Water
Mass rate (kg/h)

1207,85
96,3773
131,2928
57,37
5
11,7
0,0059
0,03904
38,30489
19,23584
213,34937
Based on that specification, the filter press that will used with specification:
Diameter of Plate : 14 inch

Number of Plate : 8
Ht of Plate : 38 mm
Filtration Area : 0.756 Sq. mtr.
Cake Holding Capacity :
o CV : 20,25
o RF : 22,5
Flow Rate : 1780,581 Liter/hour

1.7. Washer 1
1.8. Washer 2
1.9. Flash Evaporator
1.10. Cooler
1.11. Product Storage
1.12. Pump
For pump sizing, these are the calculation steps :
1. Determine the operation condition, operation condition includes fluid properties
such as pressure, temprature, density, viscosity and flow rate.
2. Determine pump design, which are optimal diameter, material, nominal size,
schedule number, inside diameter, outside diameter, and inside area of pipe.
Optimal diameter can be calculated using equation below :
D i ,opt =0,36
3. Determine average velocity and Reynold numbers, which can be calculated
using equations below :
a. Average Velocity
v=
Q
Ai
b. Reynold Number
=
vD
4. Determine Fanning factor using Reynolds number and relative roughness.

Relative roughness can be calculated using equation below :
Relative roughness=
Fanning factor is determined with graph below:
Gambar 1 Fanning Factor Graph
5. Calculate friction loss

a. Equivalent length of fitting ()
Equivalent length of fittings can be found in Appendix C-2a in Foust, 1980 and
Nevers, 1991. Total equivalent length can be calculated using equations below:
Total
L
= L
Number of fittings
Dfittings fittings
Lfittings =Total L /Dfittings D

b. Total equivalent length ()
Total equivalent length is calculated using equation below :
Ltotal=Lfittings + L pipe
c. Friction loss
Friction loss can be calculated using equation below :
Ltotal v 2
P
F=
=4 f
D 2
6. Calculate work by pump, using equation below :
( P2P1 )
1 2 2 g
v 2v 1 ) + ( z 2z 1 ) +
+ F +W s=0
(
2a
gc
To be noted negative sign means work done to the fluids

7. Calculate power of pump, using equations below :
Efficiency pump, =70%
W s = W p
BHP=m W p
8. Calculate head loss due pipe friction using equation below :
HFP ( ft fluid )=
HFP
L
L
9. calculate head loss due to pipe fittings using equation below

HFF ( ft fluid )= K
v2
2g
10. Calculate total static head using equation below:

Total static head ( ft fluid )=z 2z 1
11. Calculate velocity head difference using equation below
Velocity head difference ( ft fluid )=
v 22 v 21
2g 2 g
12. Calculate tank pressure head difference using equation below :

Tank head difference ( ft fluid )=H 2 H 1
13. Calculate NPSHA using equation below :
NPSHA=H sH a H av
Pump P-101
Function : to distribute jatropha oil from storage tank to reactor
Determine the operation condition and fluid properties
Tabel 1 Fluid Properties
Fluid Properties
10
Temperature (T) ()
Mass Flow (lb/s)
Density () (lb/ft3)
Viscosity () (lb/ft.s)
Volumetic flow rate (Q) (ft3/s)
45
1.531
56.122
0.03178
27.279
Tabel 2 Operation Condition Pump
Discharge pressure (P2) (psi)

Suction Pressure (P1) (psi)
Discharge velocity (v1) (ft/s)
Suction velocity (v2) (ft/s)
Discharge Height (z2) (ft)
Suction Height (z1) (ft)
A
Pump efficiency
0.7
Determine pump design

Tabel 3 Optimum Diameter Calculation
Optimum Diameter (Di opt) (m)

(kg/m3)
Di Opt (m)
899
0.035
Q (m3/s)
0.772
Tabel 4 Pipe Properties
Pipe properties
Type
Nominal size
Schedule
Inside Diameter (ID) (ft)
Outside Diameter (OD) (ft)
Inside Area (A) (ft2)
Roughness (E) (m)
Average velocity and Reynold number calculation
Tabel 5 Reynold Number Calculation
Reynold Number Calculation (Re)

D (m)
v (m/s)
(kg/m3)
899
Re
Fanning factor calculation

Tabel 6 Fanning Factor Calculation
11
Fanning Factor Calculation (f)

d
E/d
Friction loss calculation

Tabel 7 Fitting Equivalent Length Calculation
Fitting
Fitting Equivalent Length Calculation (ft)

Amount
L/D
Total L/D
Tabel 8 Total Equivalent Length
Total Equivalent Length (L) (ft)

Pipe
Total
Fitting
Tabel 9 Friction Loss Calculation
Friction Loss Calculation (ft.lbf/lbm)

L
D
v
Work pump calculation

Tabel 10 Pump Work calculation
Pump Work Calculation (Ws) (ft.lbf/lbm)

V1
V2
P1
P2
Z1
Z2
Ws
Power of pump calculation

Tabel 11 Power of pump calculation
Pump Power Calculation (Wp) (ft.lbf/lbm)

Ws
M
Pump BHP Calculation

Wp
Wp
12
Head Loss due fittings calculation

Tabel 12 Head Loss due to Fittings Calculation
Fittings
Amount
Head loss die to fittings (HFF)

K
v
HFF
Total HFF
Total static head calculation
Tabel 13 Total Static Head Calculation
Total Static Head

Z2
Z2 Z1
Z1
Z2 Z1 (ft fluid)
Velocity head difference calculation

Tabel 14 Velocity Head Difference Calculation
v1
v2
V1 /2g
Velocity Difference
V2 /2g
V22 /2g- v12 /2g
2
V22 /2g v12 /2g (ft fluid)
Tank Pressure head difference calculation

Tabel 15 Tank Pressure Head Difference Calculation
H1
H2
Pressure Difference
H2 H1
H2 H1 (ft fluid)
Total head calculation

Tabel 16 Total Head Calculation
Total Head
HFP
HFF
Total static head
Velocity difference
Pressure difference
Total head
NPHSA calculation
13
Tabel 17 NPHSA calculation
NPHSA
HS
Ha
Hva
NPHSA
Pump Identification
Name
Pump
Code
P-105
Function
To pump the filtrate
Amount (unit)
1
Mode of Operation
Continuous
Material Composition
Seawater
Liquid
Operating Condition
Mass flow (kg/s)
0,162728056
Flow rate (m3/s)
12044,63479
Density (kg/m3)
1960
Temperature (oC)
65
Pressure (Pa)
13488531,5
Pressure Vapour (Pa)
24940,32579
Specification Design
Type
Material
NPSHa (m)
59,42006903
NPSHr (m)
57,22088058
Head (m)
938,4489496
Utility
FHP (kW)
1,122433
BHP (kW)
1,496577334
14
Pump Identification
Pump
P-106
Name
Code
Function
to pump Sodium Bicarbonate
Amount (unit)
Mode of Operation
Seawater
Continuous
Liquid
Operating Condisiton
Mass flow (kg/s)

Flow rate (m3/s)
Density (kg/m3)
Temperature (oC)
Pressure (Pa)
Pressure Vapour (Pa)
Type
Material
NPSHa (m)
NPSHr (m)
Head (m)
Utility
FHP (kW)
BHP (kW)
1,664547778
1321,680296
2200
25
20265
3156,789628
6,399145752
4,553256511
5,461448853
0,066817693
0,089090257
15
Name
Code
Function
Amount (unit)
Pump Identification
Pump
P-107
to pump distillate water
1
Mode of Operation Continuous

Seawater
Liquid
Operating Condisiton
Mass flow (kg/s)
Flow rate (m3/s)
Density (kg/m3)
Temperature (oC)
Pressure (Pa)
Pressure Vapour
(Pa)
Type
Material
NPSHa (m)
NPSHr (m)
Head (m)
Utility
FHP (kW)
BHP (kW)
1.13.
1,027929722
972,829152
1000
25
14185,5
3156,789628
10,04702331
10,01716432
12,56229686
0,094911714
0,126548952
Heat Exchanger
16
A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between one or more fluids.
The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in
direct contact. Heat Exchanger is used to in this plant, shell-and-tube type heat
exchanger . It causes the amount of heat that needed to be transferred is high. This
Plant uses heat exchanger Here is the heat exchanger sizing for increasing the
temperature raw material jatropha oil, evaporation flash, and storage tank.
1. Heat Exchanger I
Heat Exchanger 1 specification

E-101
Pretreatment Jatropha Oil
equipment
name
Identification
heat exchanger
Pretreatment Jatropha
increase temperature of jatropha oil before entering the
reactor
1
carbon steel
shell and tube
Operating Condition
function
Number of unit
material
Type
Unit Data
Fluid
Fluid Flow
Temperature In
Temperatur Out
No of Passes
Head Duty
LMTD
kg/h
C
C
cal/s
C
Tube Side
Rich Water
242,03
95
50
2
2773,6
24,66
Shell Side
Rich of Jatropha Oil
277,975
25
45
1
Urequired
60
Equipment Dimension
Type of Unit
Fixed Tube
Stainless Stell
316
Material
Number of Tubes
Tube OD
543
Tube Configuration
mm
M
Mm
Tube Length
Shell ID
19,05
5,5
152,4
TEMA
2. Heat Exchanger II
Heat Exchanger II
equipment
heat exchanger 2
Triangular
A-E-S
34%
17
name
Identification
function
Number of
unit
material
type
Evaporation Flash
increase temperature of epoxide oil removing of
impurities
1
carbon steel
shell and tube
Operating Condition
Unit Data
Fluid
Fluid Flow
Temperature
In
Temperatur
Out
No of Passes
Head Duty
LMTD
kg/h
Tube
Side
Rich
Water
217,10
Shell Side
Rich of Epoxide Oil
273,81
250
36,48
100
100
1
Urequired
60
Fixed Tube
Number of
Tubes
128
cal/s
C
2
8172,44
63,06
Equipment Dimension
Type of Unit
Material
Stainless Stell
316
Tube OD
Tube Length
Shell ID
mm
m
mm
19,05
5,5
152,4
Tube
Configuration
TEMA
Triangular
A-E-S
34%
3. Cooler
18
equipment
name
Identification
equipment
function
name
Identification
Number of
unit
function
material
Number
typeof unit
material
type
Unit
Data
Fluid
Unit Data
Fluid Flow
Fluid
Temperature In
Fluid Flow
Temperatur
Out In
Temperature
No
of
Passes
Temperatur
Out
Head
Duty
No of Passes
LMTD
Head
Duty
LMTD
Type of Unit
Material
Type
of Unit
Material
Tube
OD
Tube OD
Tube Length
Shell
ID
Tube
Length
Shell ID
After Evaporation Flash to cooler

Evaporation Flash
Decrease
watertoremoving
Aftertemperature
EvaporationofFlash
cooler of
impurities
Evaporation Flash
1
Decrease temperature of water removing of
impurities
carbon
steel
1
shell and tube
carbon steel
Operating Condition
shell and Shell
tube Side
Tube
Side
Operating Condition
Rich
Rich of Epoxide Oil
Tube
Water
Side
Shell Side
kg/h
1671,77
273,81
Rich
C
2,00
100 of Epoxide Oil
Water
Rich
C
25
25
kg/h
1671,77
273,81
C
2,00
100
2
1
C
25
25
cal/s
9649,6
Urequired
60
2
1
C
54,16
cal/s
9649,6
Urequired
60
Equipment
Dimension
C
54,16
Fixed Tube
Equipment Dimension
Stainless Stell
Number of
272
Fixed Tube
316
Tubes
Stainless Stell
Number of
mm
21,5
Tube
Triangular
316
Tubes
272
Configuration
Tube
Configuration
m
5,5
TEMA
A-E-S
mm
21,5
Triangular
mm
152,4
34%
m
5,5
TEMA
A-E-S
mm
152,4
34%
Cooler Evaporation Flash to Cooler
4. Cooler
Cooler for Storage
19
CHAPTER 2
PROCESS SELECTION
2.1. Piping and Instrumental Diagram
2.2. Control, Instrumentation and PID of Each Equipment
2.2.1 Reactor PFD
2.2.2 Microfiltration PFD
2.2.3 Washer PFD
2.2.4 Flash Evaporator PFD
2.2.5 Cooler PFD
2.3. Plant Wide Control
Heat Exchanger
We need to design five heat exchangers. The first step, is to
pretreatment jatropha and H2O2 to reach the optimum temperature which is
from 25 oC to 45 oC. Then, to create evaporator flash and to cooler. The design
of heat exchanger E-101 follows below :
1. Describe Unit Heat Exchanger of E-101
a. By describing T1,T2, Taverage
b. Heat Duty
T1 T2
2
Hitung c dari Fig. 3
Tav
Q W .c. T2 T1
..
()
20
T1 (C)
95
T2 (C)
50
Tav (C)
72,5
11435,8915
1,05
242,03
Q (Kj/hr)
c (grafik)
W (kg/hr)
()
Unit For Jatropha Oil

T1 (C)
25
T2 (C)
45
W (l/hr)Tav (C)
c (grafik)
Q (Kj/hr)
277,975 35
2,057
-11435,8915
Heat
Duty For Jatropha Oil
Then, We calculate the utility of water that we need by using this formula, which
Qin=Qout
t1 t 2
2
Hitung c dari Fig. 2
Q
w
c. t 2 t1
t av
Unit for Water Utility
21
Or we also can design Heat Exchanger E-101 will be described as follows by

calculated using TOTAL Toolbox Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Sizing Tool
TOTAL Toolbox Sizing Simulation

(Source : Authors Documentation)
The first step we need to complete inputs of calculation, the user
can fill the green boxes; inlet and outlet temperature of both fluids, heat
duty, and overall heat transfer coefficient The calculation, the verification,
and the graph are updated accordingly. For a heat exchanger with one pass
tube side, the counter current and cocurrent mode can be choses. For a heat
exchanger with two or more pass tube side, the flow configuration is
called multipasses and is considered as counter-current. In order to
complete the definition of the inputs of calculation, the user can fill the
green boxes; inlet and outlet temperature of both fluids, heat duty, and
overall heat transfer coefficient
1st and 2nd Step from TOTAL Toolbox Sizing Simulation

22

The Value Of Ud is depended on what feed is into and it can be shown on the
table
The Value of Overallheat transfer coefficient

2. The next step is calculating the value of LMTD which formula
is
LMTD
t 2 t1
t 2 t1
t 2
t 2
ln
2.3 log
t1
t1
.()
23
Table of LMTD value

Hot Fluid
Cold Fluid
Dif
90
higher temp
45
45
t2
50
low temp
25
25
t1
40
Difrences
20
20
t2-t1
LMTD (F)
34,03
3. Define the value of R, S also

. Based on theory, Choose the
simple combination of shell and tube passes or number of
shells in series that will have a value of F above 0.8 or so.
The correction factor calculation following
FT lihat di Fig. 18
t FT LMTD
T1 T2
t t
dan S 2 1
t 2 t1
T1 t1
Correction Factor for 1 Pass-Shellside and Mutiple of Two Passes-Tubeside

24
(Source : Wallas, 1990)
1st and 2nd Step from TOTAL Toolbox Sizing Simulation

Now , Heat transfer area can be calculate with the following equation:
= ..
A
Q
U D t
a" lihat di Table 10

Jumlah tubes
A
l tubes a"
25
Heat Exchaner datas

(Source : Wallas, 1990)
26
A (ft2)
6,6
a" (ft /lin ft)
0,1309
Sum of Tubes
4,18
Sum of
tubes/shell
5th step & 6th step Determine type, tube size and tube
configuration
The manufacturer sizing have already

choose the tube size , it is used to standard exchanger with 0,75 inch which has
19,05 mm . The reason is choose to smaller diameter to gain the cheaper of cost.
Then we also make an assumption for length of tubes based on the configuration
of tube usually consists of triangular, rotated square and square configuration.
Triangular configuration results the higher
heat transfer rates than anothers
configuration. In Industrial plant, tube length is used to use between 8, 12, 16, or
20 ft. But, we assume the tube length is 5.5 m is because this equipment would be
27
installed on modular platform. The consequences chosing the more length is going
to decrese shell diameter, so that the heat exchanger is more cheaper. We also
consider how to decrease corrosion, fouling
1. Corrosion : it can decrease material costs as long as the more corrosive.
2. Fouling : we can reduce a fouling by determining the high velocity which
have higher fouling should be fixed totubeside for keeping the velocity.
3. Operation pressure : we can reduce the cost by determining the operation
pressure by higher flow pressure in tube with small diameter and the
pressure is kept by the higher.
4. Viscosity : we can keep the fluid to be turbulent flow if the viscosity is
high. It can impact for fixing shell acquiring the greater heat transfer
coefficient. We can determine the tubes by calculating the tube area and
we can calculate the number of tubes from the following equation:
=
heat transfer surface area

eachtube surface area
..()

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UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA

DESIGN OF CHEMICAL ENZYMATIC PROCESS OF

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Jatropha curcas Oil Storage......................................................................6

Hydrogen Peroxide Storage.......................................................................6

Boiler for Jatropha curcas oil...................................................................6

Boiler for Hydrogen Peroxide...................................................................6

Piping and Instrumental Diagram..............................................................7

Control, Instrumentation and PID of Each Equipment.............................7

2.2.1 Reactor PFD............................................................................................7

Plant Wide Control....................................................................................7

Jatropha curcas Oil Storage

1.2. Hydrogen Peroxide Storage

MF-102 dan MF-101. The aim of microfiltration is

Table of mass flow of MF -102

Mass rate (kg/h)

Diameter of Plate : 08 inch

Flow Rate : 370,97 Ltr/Hr

Table of mass flow of MF -101

Mass rate (kg/h)

Diameter of Plate : 14 inch

Flow Rate : 1780,581 Liter/hour

4. Determine Fanning factor using Reynolds number and relative roughness.

Fanning factor is determined with graph below:

Gambar 1 Fanning Factor Graph

5. Calculate friction loss

Lfittings =Total L /Dfittings D

To be noted negative sign means work done to the fluids

9. calculate head loss due to pipe fittings using equation below

10. Calculate total static head using equation below:

12. Calculate tank pressure head difference using equation below :

Tabel 2 Operation Condition Pump

Discharge pressure (P2) (psi)

Determine pump design

Optimum Diameter (Di opt) (m)

Tabel 4 Pipe Properties

Reynold Number Calculation (Re)

Fanning factor calculation

Fanning Factor Calculation (f)

Friction loss calculation

Fitting Equivalent Length Calculation (ft)

Tabel 8 Total Equivalent Length

Total Equivalent Length (L) (ft)

Tabel 9 Friction Loss Calculation

Friction Loss Calculation (ft.lbf/lbm)

Work pump calculation

Pump Work Calculation (Ws) (ft.lbf/lbm)

Power of pump calculation

Pump Power Calculation (Wp) (ft.lbf/lbm)

Pump BHP Calculation

Head Loss due fittings calculation

Head loss die to fittings (HFF)

Total Static Head

Velocity head difference calculation

V22 /2g v12 /2g (ft fluid)

Tank Pressure head difference calculation

Total head calculation

Tabel 17 NPHSA calculation

to pump Sodium Bicarbonate

Mass flow (kg/s)

Mode of Operation Continuous

Heat Exchanger 1 specification

After Evaporation Flash to cooler