A(An) vs.

The
A(An)
A and AN are called indefinite articles. "Indefinite" means "not specific". Use A(AN) when you
are talking about a thing in general, NOT a specific thing. A(An) is used before singular nouns.
Examples:

I need a phone. NOT A SPECIFIC PHONE, ANY PHONE

Mark wants a bicycle. NOT A PARTICULAR BICYCLE, A BICYCLE IN GENERAL

Do you have a driver's license? IN GENERAL

Use A(AN) when talking about a thing which is new, unknown, or introduced to a listener for
the first time. Also use A(AN) when you are asking about the existence of something.
Examples:

I have a car. THE CAR IS BEING INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME.

Tom is a teacher. THIS IS NEW INFORMATION TO THE LISTENER.

Is there a dictionary in your backpack? ASKING ABOUT THE EXISTENCE OF THE DICTIONARY

Look!
-You cannot use A(AN) with plural nouns because A(AN) means "one" or "a single".
-We use A when the following noun starts with a consonant and AN when it starts with a
vowel.
Examples:

I saw a bears in Yellowstone National Park. Not Correct

I saw bears in Yellowstone National Park. Correct

I have an bike. Not Correct

I have a bike. Correct

The
THE is called a definite article. "Definite" means "specific". Use THE when talking about
something which is already known to the listener or which has been previously mentioned,
introduced, or discussed.
Examples:

I have a cat. The cat is black.

There is a book in my backpack. The book is very heavy.

Do you know where I left the car keys? THE LISTENER KNOWS WHICH SPECIFIC CAR KEYS YOU
ARE TALKING ABOUT.
Do you own a car? Is the car blue? YOU ASSUME THEY DO HAVE A CAR AFTER ASKING ABOUT IT
IN THE FIRST SENTENCE.
Nobody lives on the Moon. THE MOON IS KNOWN TO EVERYONE.

IMPORTANT: You can use THE with both singular nouns and plural nouns.

Examples:

I saw the bear in Yellowstone National Park. Correct

I saw the bears in Yellowstone National Park. Correct

Some/Any/No article
We can use some, any or 'no article' before plural or uncountable nouns. They all mean
something similar to a/an before a singular noun. For example:

Can I have a banana? [One banana, but any one is okay.]

Can I have some bananas? [More than one banana, but any small group is okay.]

The difference between some and 'no article':

Often, there isn't a big difference in meaning between 'no article' and some. However, we
use some when we are talking about a limited number or amount (but we don't know or we
don't want to say the exact quantity).
Some means 'a certain number of' or 'a certain amount of'. We don't use some if we are
talking about something in general or thinking about it as a category. When we use some, we
don't say the exact quantity, but we could probably find it out if we needed to. For example:

Can you buy some milk? [We don't know exactly how much, but I'm talking about a
certain amount of milk I don't want all the milk in the world.]

On the other hand, we use 'no article' when we aren't thinking about the quantity. It's used to
talk about the noun as a category, rather than a certain amount of it:

We need milk to make pancakes. [I'm thinking about milk as a category. I'm not
thinking about a certain amount of milk.]

More examples:

We need to buy coffee [I'm talking about coffee as a category, not thinking about the
amount].

Would you like some coffee? [I mean a certain amount of coffee, probably a cup.]

I ate some bread [I mean a certain amount of bread].

I ate bread [not pasta or rice].

Remember that often it doesn't make a big difference:

Do you want tea? [I'm not thinking about the amount.]

Do you want some tea? [I'm thinking about the amount, but the meaning is really the
same as the first sentence.]

The difference between some and any:

Generally, we use any in the same way as some: when we are thinking about a certain
amount or number of something. Remember, usually both some and any can only be used
with plural countable nouns or uncountable nouns, but not usually with singular countable
nouns.
We usually use some with affirmative (positive) sentences and any with negatives and
questions:

She bought some tomatoes [positive sentence].

She didn't buy any tomatoes [negative sentence].

Did she buy any tomatoes [question]?

However, there are some exceptions to this.

1: Any can be used in a positive sentence to mean 'it's not important which one'. When we
use any in this way, it's most often used with singular countable nouns:

You can take any bus.

Pass me any glass.

Come over any Sunday.

2: Any can also be used in positive sentences that have a negative feeling, for example if they
include never, hardly, without:

She never eats any fruit.

We hardly watch any television.

Julia left the house without any money.

3: Some can be used in questions when we expect that the answer will be 'yes'. This is very
common in offers and requests:

Would you like some coffee?

Do you want some sandwiches?

Could you give me some help?

Could you pass me some sugar?

Compare the following two sentences:

Do you have any letters for me? [This is a real question. I don't know if you have any
letters or not.]

Do you have some letters for me? [I think you do, so I'm expecting that you will say
'yes'.]

So

A / An (un, una) se utiliza con sustantivos contables en singular.

Its a sandwich.
She has got an apple

Some (algunos, algunas, algo de) se utiliza en la forma afirmativa con sustantivos contables en plural y
con sustantivos incontables.
There are some apples on the table.
There is some rice in the bag.

Any (algunos, algunas, algo de) se utiliza en las formas negativa e interrogativa con sustantivos
contables en plural y con sustantivos incontables.

Much and Many

We use much and many in negative sentences and questions.
We use many with plural countable nouns.
We use much with uncountable nouns.
Examples
There arent many vegetables in the garden.
How much water do you drink?
Haw many meals do you have every day?