NCTTE - Automotive Department

AUT 324 - "Transmission and drive trains"

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Calculations on Transmissions Teachers Copy

BASICS / TERMS / ABRIVIATIONS:
Odd numbers:
Even numbers:
"Z"
"n"
"T"
"i"
""

driving gears
driven gears
teeth, number of teeth
speed of the gear
torque
ratio, of speed, teeth etc.
efficiency ("eta")

(no unit)
or 1/min)

(in r.p.m.
(in Nm)

(no unit)
(no unit)

Some typical gearbox ratios:

1. gear
2. gear
3. gear
4. gear
R-gear

3.1 .. 4.2
1.7 .. 2.5
1.2 .. 1.6
0.8 .. 1.0
3.3 .. 4.5

GEAR-RATIOS (TEETH)
ratio of gears iz

teeth number of driven gears

-------------------------------------teeth number of driving gears

Z2
--Z1

If it is a transmission with intermediate / countershaft:

ratio of gears iz

t-number of driven gears

-------------------------------- =
t-number of driving gears

Z2 x Z4Z2 x Zeven
--------- = --------Z1 x Z3Z1 x Zodd

speed of input shaft

---------------------------

speed of driving gears

n1
=
---------------------------

speed of output shaft

speed of driven gears

torque of output shaft

---------------------------torque of input shaft

T2
iT = ---T1

torque of output shaft

----------------------------------torque of input shaft x effic.

SPEED-RATIOS
ratio of speeds in
---- = ---

n2

TORQUE-RATIOS
(1. theoretical)
ratio of torques iT
(2. practical)
ratio of torques iT

T2
iT = -------T1 x

T2
T1 = --------i x

T2 = T 1 x i x
-1-

NCTTE - Automotive Department

AUT 324 - "Transmission and drive trains"
__________________________________________________________________________________________

EFFICENCY

Pout
-----Pin

Tout
----Tin

====================================================================
1st CALCULATION
given:

engine torque T
= 80 Nm
engine speed n
= 2700 r.p.m.
efficiency
= 0.95
Clutch gear 20 teeth, corresponding meshing
gear 50 teeth, intermediate shaft gear of 1 st
gear 25 teeth, mainshaft gear of 1 st gear 45
teeth
a) total gear ratio of 1st gear
b) speed of mainshaft at 1st gear
c) torque at mainshaft at 1st gear

wanted:

SOLUTION:
a)
i

Z2 x Z 4
50 x 45
= ------------ = ------------Z1 x Z 3
20 x 25

b)
n2

n1
2700 r.p.m.
= ------- = --------------i
4.5

4.5

600 r.p.m. (1/min)

c)
T2 = T 1 x i x

80 Nm x 4.5 0.95

342 Nm

====================================================================
2nd CALCULATION
given:

driving gear
driven gear

engine torque T
engine speed n
transmission efficiency

= 150 Nm
= 3200 r.p.m.
= 0.95

(clutch gear set)

1st gear set

2nd gear set

3rd gear set

18 (Z1)
26 (Z2)

13 (Z3)
36 (Z4)

15 (Z5)
27 (Z6)

21 (Z7)
24 (Z8)

4th gear

reverse

direct

10 (Z9)
36 (Z10)

(see drawing below)

wanted:

a) all ratios of all gears

b) all output speeds at all gears
c) all output torques
-2-

NCTTE - Automotive Department

AUT 324 - "Transmission and drive trains"
__________________________________________________________________________________________

SOLUTION:
a)
i1

Z2 x Z4
---------------=
Z1 x Z3

26 x 36
-------------- =
18 x 13

i2

Z2 x Z6
---------------=
Z1 x Z5

26 x 27
-------------- =
18 x 15

2.6

i3

Z2 x Z8
---------------=
Z1 x Z7

26 x 24
-------------- =
18 x 21

1.65

i4

Z2 x Z10
--------------Z1 x Z9

iR

26 x 36
-------------18 x 10

5.2

b)
nout1

nin
----i1

3200 1/min
--------------4

800 1/min

nout2

nin
----i2

3200 1/min
--------------2.6

1230 1/min
-3-

NCTTE - Automotive Department

AUT 324 - "Transmission and drive trains"
__________________________________________________________________________________________

nout3

nin
----i3

3200 1/min
--------------1.65

1940 1/min

nout4

nin
----i4

3200 1/min
--------------1

3200 1/min

nin
----iR

3200 1/min
--------------5.2

615 1/min

noutR

(results of speeds shall be rounded!)

c)
Tout1

Tin

i1

150 Nm x 4 x 0.95

Tout2

Tin

i2

150 Nm x 2.6 x 0.95 =

370,5 Nm

Tout3

Tin

i3

150 Nm x 1.65 x 0.95 =

235,1 Nm

Tout4

Tin

i4

150 Nm x 1 x 0.95

142,5 Nm

ToutR

Tin

iR

150 Nm x 5.2 x 0.95 =

570 Nm

741 Nm

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