KEYWORDS

Social Sector
Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan
Logic Framework Analysis
5-Factor Model
Leadership Skills
Funding

1. Who is ultimately responsible for leading and managing social sector initiativesSwachh Bharat Abhiyaan in line with the UN SDP (Water & Sanitation)
The citizens as well as the state have an equal share in the responsibility for leading and
managing social sector initiatives.
Improving the health and welfare of socially-excluded populations depends on enabling
socially-excluded populations to meet their health, nutrition, and educational needs.
Social change through, for instance, economic empowerment and reduced inequality has
been critical in enabling socially-excluded populations to meet their basic human needs.
In some cases, human needs can be met through various public-sector and nongovernmental organizations (NGO) programmes. However, the ability of the public sector
to fulfil the long-term requirements of this population segment can be limited. To achieve
sustainable improvements in the health and welfare of socially-excluded populations,
sustainable solutions must be found that provide the populations themselves with
resources and integrate these structural changes into societal institutions. As the private
sector is an important and growing force in least-developed countries, they must work in
tandem with the public sector to make the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan a success.

CITIZENS
(NGO + STATE)

PUBLIC
SECTOR

PRIVATE
SECTOR

1. How are social sector projects deemed to be successful?

SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAAN

We can follow the model given above to measure the success of the Swachh Bharat
Abhiyaan. We will follow the following process
1. Assess the inputs that have gone in to a particular program in terms of the financial
and non-financial resources invested.
2. The activities that have been planned to make the maximum utilisation of these
resources
3. The output of the program in terms of what the intended beneficiaries have received
4. The impact the program has had on these beneficiaries and finally the monetary value
of this impact.
The 5 Factor Model
Apart from the factors stated above, we can follow the 6 factor model to measure the
success of Swachh Bharat
1. Schedule- Did the initiatives achieve the goals within the stipulated timeline?
2. Scope- Did the Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan addressed every aspect of hygiene and
sanitation? Did it include every section of the society?
3. Budget- Was the initiative successful in raising the money required and did get the
work done at the optimum cost?
4.

Satisfaction- Are all the stakeholders involved satisfied with the outcome?

5. Quality- The quality of one project often affects another, so it's important to always
track quality and make adjustments to future projects accordingly. So did the work
that we do meet the required quality standards?
2. THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORK MODEL
Objective: To eradicate open defecation in India by 2019.
Monitoring Metrics
1. Economic Rate of Return (Economic Dimension)
Our first factor for monitoring would be the economic factors. Are we getting the
optimum return in terms of infrastructure development from the money that is invested in
this program? Also the Swach Bharat Abhiyaan is intended to bring economic prosperity
for the country. How is this initiative benefiting other industries which contribute to our
GDP? I have selected 5 areas where we can monitor the financial benefits from the Swach
Bharat Abhiyaan. This would be a key indicator in monitoring how the project is faring

Tourism
Healthcare
Clean Technology
Individual Productivity

Foreign Direct Investment

2. Community Factor
The Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan is a social initiative where active community
participation is crucial for both stimulating new actions as well as for cost recovery.
We will address two questions here
I.
II.

Has the project involved the community?

Has it succeeded in maintaining a desirable level of participation of the
community in the project activities?.

3. Equitable Factor
This is an inclusive project wherein all the sections of the society have an equal share
of benefit from this project. The Government of India should ensure and monitor
whether this initiative and the benefits derived from it are equally share among all the
sections of the society. This is one of the important monitoring factors of this project.
Even though the economic benefits may be impressive, it is futile if they are not
enjoyed by all the stakeholders involved in the project.
4. Institutional and Post-Implementation Maintenance
This is one of the operational factors to be monitored in the project. Are the
manpower and the financial resources employed at the right places and in the most
efficient way? You need to constantly monitor the cash flow and the skills of the
people who are hired to implement the policy and do the job. Also the post
implementation maintenance ensures that the initiative has long term sustainability
and ensures that the benefits are passed on to the coming generations.
Dimension

Indicators

Sustainability Status
Target

Economic
Community
Equity

Institutional &
Logistics

Economic Rate of return of the project

induced products
Proportion of community participating
Local support
Pattern of distribution of project target
benefits, by income and gender groupings
of target population
Manpower/resources for project
management
Conditions of Facility
Maintenance Procedure
Operating Budget
Operating Manpower

Currently
Achieved

Score

EVALUATING FACTORS
1. Social Rate of Return (SROI)
Social ROI: NGOs, or third sector organizations, are not necessarily in the business of
building donor wealth, although some innovative public-private partnerships (PPP) have
created returns for investors while providing tangible benefits for society. Social ROI
(SROI) measurements are often created by individual NGOs or by NGO consultancies.
For example, Amnesty International uses a complex Dimensions of Change model that
analyses not only the outcomes that its programs should accomplish but the degree to
which change is realistic under different circumstances.
2. Behavioural Change
Evidence of any substantial long-term behavioural change in the community can be
gleaned from attitude studies conducted before, and at several points during, programme
implementation.
3. Reduction in disease:
Reduced incidence of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases in the community would
indicate the overall success of the programme in effecting long-lasting improvement in
quality of life.
4. Benchmark Evaluation
At the time of the conception of a programme certain benchmarks are set that define
whether the programme is a success or not. In this case the benchmark will be the number
of people who have inculcated the habit of using toilets instead of openly defecating over
a certain period of time. There will be an evaluation after a certain period has passed
since the initialisation of the programme and the numbers from that evaluation will decide
the goals defined for the next time frame.
ANSWER 3-A
Top 3 skills for the social programme leader to be effective and efficient.
1. Relevant Experience
The leader must have a sound background in management, particularly logistics and
finance. While an effective leader should be able to delegate tasks to the best people, it is
necessary for him/her to be able to see the big picture in term of on-ground operations
as well as responsible and effective use and management of donor, and other, funds.
2. Indigenous Awareness:
To enact the same a lot of lifestyle changes need to be induced in the people and hence it
becomes a project that is heavy on involvement from the beneficiarys side. In this
scenario the leader should be aware of the local and regional beliefs and should be able to
understand that educating people will have to be done in a customized way and
differently for every sector as the set of beliefs are starkly diverse. Hence a person who is
aware and well versed with the cultural diversity can carry this forward.

3. DESIGN THINKING
The social leader should be equipped to deal with the solutions and implementation of the
project with a design thinking approach that follows the principle of human centred
design. Such an approach would encourage behavioural change much more simply as it
would make the use of toilets in this case or the installation and building of one easy and
intuitive by taking into consideration all factors and insights.
ANSWER -3b
Fundraising activities for Swachh Bharat program in Shela Village:
The following activities could together help to cover the costs1. Crowd-funding
Crowd funding has been an effective method of fundraising for various programs. What is
required is to build a narrative around the cause and then tell the story well through
various digital and media channels. Websites such as Milaap, Kickstarter, etc. could be
used.
2. Tying up with CSR Programs (Corporate Funding):
A lot of businesses seek to support local programmes and make a difference, as a part of
their CSR programs. Pitching to industry leaders and corporate in Ahmedabad
specifically and Gujarat broadly could be one the major sources of funding. (for example,
pitching to the Adani group of companies, or some media corporate houses could make a
huge difference).
3. Impact Investing
Impact Investing is a process where investors seek to fund projects that make a difference
to various communities. Finding the right set of impact investors (such as Asha Impact
Investing that work in the field of sanitation) could help the program.
4. On ground pitching
To locals who stay around the community and other smaller local businesses that could
help could also help to cover some costs.