Previous Years Solved Papers XN a rai) Civil Services See Preliminary Coreen Examination 2001-2010 Useful for Engineering Services Preliminary Examination, GATE and State Engineering Services Examinations Detailed Solutions | | Topicwise Presentation Sy [ass] MADE EASYRE MADE EASY Publications Corporate Office: 44.AV4, Kalu Sarai (Near Hauz Khas Metto Station), New Delhi-11 E-mal infomep@madesasyin Contact; 011-45124660, 8860378007 Viskt us at: www madeeasypublicaton: Civil Services Preliminary Examination Previous Years Solved Papers : Electrical Engineering © Copyright, by MADE EASY Publicati Allrights are reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retvieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the above mentioned publisher of this book © alight ese RADE EASY PUBLICATIONS. No part ofthis Book maybe reproduced or ted in any fom thou he san em the ple, wien perPreface Civil Services Examination is considered as a pioneer job in India which is being preferred by engineers. There was a need of good book, which contains error free questions with apt solutions that even a begineer student can understand. | am glad to launch the first edition of this book. MADE EASY team has made deep study of previous exam _ B. Singh (Ex. ES) papers of Civil Services Preliminary Examination and observed that a good percentage of questions are asked in Engineering Services Exam as well as State Services Exam, Therefore itis advisable to study this book before one takes the exam. This bookis also useful for GATE and other competitive examinations for engineering graduates. ‘The first edition of this book is prepared with due care to provide complete solutions toall questions with accuracy. | would like to give credit of publishing this book to MADE EASY Team for their hard efforts in solving previous years papers ina limited time frame. Ihave true desire to serve student community by providing good source of study and quality guidance. hope this book will be proved as an important tool to succeed in competitive exams. Any suggestions from the readers for improvement of this book are most welcome. With Best Wishes B. singh CMD, MADE EASY GroupPrevious Years Solved Papers Civil Services Preliminary Exam. Electrical Engineering CONTENTS sl TOPIC PAGENe, Sl. TOPIC 2 Electromagnetic Theory.. Vector Analysis Electrostatis. Magnetostatics Time Varying EMT Feld Electromagnetic Waves Transmission Line Waveguide/Antenna/Cavity. Electrical Materials... Introduction to Engineering Material Dielectric Properties of Material Electrical Circuits. Basis Electrle Creu Basic Laws Basics Nodal & Mesh Analysis Circuit Theorems Network Topology Capacitors and Inductors First Order RL &RC Circuits Second Order RLC Circuits Magnetically Coupled Circuits Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis, Three-Phase Circuits Two Port Networks Network Synthesis ‘Measurement & Instrumentation ..68-86 oe 70 n 7 Measurement of Resistance AC Bridges. Measurement of Power and Energy. Instrument Transformers Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO). Digital Meters. Control System: Transfer Function. Signal Flow Graph Feedback Characteristics. Modeling of Control System, Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems Stablity Analysis of Control System The Root Locus Technique Frequency Domain Analysis of Control System, Industrial Controller & Compensators. Sate Variable Analysis... Electrical Machines. Magnet Transformers ireuits Direct Current Machines Synchronous. Tree-Phase Induction Machines. Fractional KW Motors. Basic Concept of Rotating Electrical Machines Power Systems.. Performance of Transmission Lines, Compensation Technique Distribution System, Cables & Insulator, Generating Power Stations. Fault Analysis, Load Flow Studies Switch Gear and Protection Power System StabilityOptimal Power System Operation Basics of Digital Electronics Logic Gates and Switching Circuits Combinational Logic cults Sequential Logic Circuits Registers Counter Logic Families. AID and D/A Convertors Semiconductors Memories. Electronic Devices & Analog Circuits .. Semiconductors Physics Semiconductors Diodes Field Effects Transistors Diode Circuits UT Characteristic and Biasng Transfer Basing ByTasan Amplifier, Frequency Response Differential Amplifier. Feedback Amplifier Large Signal Amplifier. Operational Amplifier. Signal Generators ana Waveform Shaping Circuits Microprocessors. Introduction to 8085 & Its Funct Microprocessor Interfacing Introduction to 8086. Instruction Set and Data Formats Peripheral Devices M. . Communication Systems |. IC Fabrication. Power Electronics. 226-243, Power Semiconductors Diode and Transistor Thyristors. ‘Thyristors Commutation Techniques Diode Rectifiers Phase Controlled Rectifiers choppers. Inverters AC Voltage Controllers. Power Semiconductors Dives. Hvpc. 244-268 Introduction to Communication Systems. Fourier Analysis of Signals, Energy and ~~ Theory of Random Variable and Noise ‘Amplitude Modulation Broadcast Transmitting and Supetheterodyne Receiver. ‘Angle Modulation Pulse Modulation, Modern Digital Modulation and Detection Techniques. Information Theory and Coding. Rada, Satelit, TV; Mobile and Fiber . Signals & Systems. Introduction Signals Introduction to Systems. Continuous Time Fourler Series an an an an Continuous Time Fourier Transform Laplace Transform: Transform. 282-291 . Computer Basics & ‘Computer Networks. 292-296Electromagnetic Theory Vector Analysis ‘The divergence of avector A 2s Fey? +kz8 at point Pin space whose coordinates are (2, 4, 1) is (@) 85 &) (©) 0 (a) 4 [CSE-2002] Electrostatics The value of electric field at a distance of 1m from an infinite line charge of density 1 C/m is ® oaey (b) ane, £ fo © on O oe [CSE-2001] The unit normal to the equipotential surface @ = constant cis, in general, given by @@ (bo) vo ave © vel (@) iret [CSE-2003] The force between a charge q and a grounded infinite conducting plane kept at a distance from itis given by 2 qa ¢ © ee ©) area? q e ) 1, a © ened? © ene [CSE-2004] ‘Ametalic sphere with charge —Qis placed inside ahollow conducting sphere with radius Rcarying a charge +Q. Potential at a given point outside the hollow sphere (a) depends on the positions of the metallic sphere. (0) is solely decided by the charge on the outer sphere (c) is always zero whatever may be the position of the inner sphere (A) is zero only when both spheres are concentric. [CSE-2005] Which one of the following is not correct? (@) Equation ¥, (-€ V V) = p, may be regarded {as Poisson's equation for an inhomogeneous medium, (b) Two potential functions V, and V, satisfy Laplaces equation within a closed region and assume same values on its surface. Then V, must be equal to Vz, (©) The capacitance of a capacitor filed with a inear dielecttic is independent of the charge on the plates and the potential difference between the plates. (@) A parallel plate capacitor connected to a battery stores twice as much charge with a given dielectric as itdoes with airas dielectric, then susceptibility of dielectric is 2 [CSE-2006] A potential field is given by: V= 3x2y— yz. Which one of the following expresses an electric field at P(2, 1, 4)? (@) 127-8) (b) 12% (0) 127 +8)+k — (d) 127-8)-k [CSE-2006] A spherical volume of radius ‘a’ has a uniform charge density p. What is the electric displacement Don the surface of the sphere? (@ Spa? (b) me? a (i) Sapa (©) gpa 3 [CSE-2007]Given the field E with respect to point B (4, 0, x) is 2 Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering 9. An infinitely long line charge of density p, lies (@) av () «Vv along Z-axis. Whal is the electric field at a point () 3v (a) 3v (F.0, 0)? [CSE-2009] @ af p ) w) a{— 14. The Kirchhoffs current law is implicit in the anR Bred expression @) V.D= J-ds=0 © a{° @ a{s2 (9) vD=—% fae “(are (nF _ [CSE-2007} © V-B=0p, (i) VxA=J+22 10, Threeinfinte parallelcharged plates A, 8, C cany [CSE-2010] charge density +p, +p and-2p respectively, as = shown in the figure below. What is the ratio of Magnetostatics ‘wo potential differences (V,—Va)and(Ya-V.)? 45, In the given figure, if the magnetic flux through pm? the rectangular loop ‘parsp’ due to the infinite the current 1 is 6, the flux linked with double spe |? rectangular loop ‘pqtuvwrsp' will be me |% wa () 1:2 @) 1:3 @ 14 [CSE-2008] 11. Which one ofthe following statements is correct? The polarizability of a conducting metalic sphere is (@) 30 (0) 26 (a) proportional to the cube of the radius of the oe (d) zero [CSE-2001] sphere. 16. A circular disc of radius R carries a uniform (b) proportional to the radius of the sphere. puriace charge denelty, When lt revoWves at a (©) cannot be determined as the sphere is uniform angular velocity about its centre and in metallic its own plane, the magnetic flux density at the (@) independent ofthe dimensions of the metallic centre of the disc is B. sphere. I the radius of the disc is doubled and the original {ese-2008] charge spread out uniformly on the extended 12, Whatis the unit for dipole moment? area, the magnetic field at the centre would be @) Coulomb-metre? (b) Coulomb/volt-s (@) B14 (&) Bi (©) Debye unit (@) Gauss ©B () 28 [CSE-2008] [CSE-2002] 18, Which one of the following is correct? 17. Consider the following statements with regard to force per unit length between two stationary, long parallel flamentary currents: 1. Itis directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the currents, 2. It satisfies Newton's thied law. 3._ itis attracting ifthe currents are in the same directionMADE EASY ElectromagneticTheory 13 18. 19. 20. Which of these statements ate correct? 24. (@) tand2 (b) 2and3 (©) ands (@) 1,2and3 [cse-2002] A squate loop and an infinitely long conductor, each carries a current / as shown in the figure given below. What is the force on the loop? 22. fo aot — gl? (@) Ho away rom the conductor it (by Ha towards the conductor a 2 23. Bol’ (0) Bi log, 2 away rom the conductor Bol” (a) ty Oe 2 towards the conductor [CSE-2005] The magnetic vector potential at the point Pdue tothe curtentloop Cshown in the below figure is in the direction of 24. [CSE-2005] 95 Hows the magnetic field dH from a short section dL. of a current carrying wire, given by Biot- Savart’s law expressed? (@) dH=s0lsanr (b) dH= Ia sin 9/4ar (©) dH= Jal sin ofan? (d) dH=J 9? dl sin o/4nr® [CSE-2006] Which of the following represents the Maxwell's curl equation for stalic magnetic field? (a) VxB=j) = (b) Vxd= (© v-B=p, @ v-é-0 [CSE-2006] Which one of the following is correct? Within a conductor carrying a current ‘7 with a constant current density across its cross-section the magnetic field strength'H at any distance from the centre of the conductor (radius of the conductor is ‘Ris given by I In © eR) (nA?) ia ia © A ona) ear) [CSE-2009] { the magnitude of the magnetic flux B at a distance of 1 m from an infinitely long straight filamentary conducting wire is 2 x 10°® Whim, what is the current in the wire? @ 1A (b) 104 (©) 1004 (a) 10008 [CSE-2010] Time Varying EMT Field na source-free imperfect dielectric medium (specified by loss tangent tand), Maxwell's curl equation can be writen as: (a) VxA (©) VxH=—jweE(1+ jtans) (d) VxA=—j@eE(1—jtans) [CSe-2004] An electtic field na charged medium with a time- varying magnetic field has @v v (b) VE © Vv (d) V-E#0,VxE=0 [CSE-2004]and select the correct answer: 4 Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering 26, For the current / decreasing in the indicated List- List! direction, the @.mJ. in the two loops A and B A. Powertiowdensity 1. Exif shown in the figure below, isin the direction a B. Impedance otmedia 2. E/H C. Joule heating 3. EA @ 'G) D. Velocity of light 4. E16 Codes: ABCD (a) clockwise in A and anticlockwise in B @ 1234 (b) anticlockwise in A and clockwise in B 4 231 (6) clockwise in both A and 8 @1t3s24 (@) anticlockwise in both Aand 8 @4sa2at [CSE-2005} {eSE-2009] 27. Match List! with List-ll and select the correct Electromagnetic Waves ttl the cocie given below the lists 30. Anelectric dipole (-@, Q) revolved with a uniform angular velocity ‘a’ in a citcle about its center AL ved+ oe ‘0’. When the dipole is in the position shown in the given igure, the direction of the displacement veh current density at 0" is B. Vx C. VxE D. V-B=P List! 1. Modified Kirchhott’s Current Law 2. Modified Ampere’s Law 3. Faradays Law @ 4 ) 3 4. Gauss’ Law Codes: © 4 (a) a — [CSE-2001] ABCD @1234 31. The cooking of the food in the microwave oven is ) 43 24 based on the principle of o13264 (@) magnetic hysteresis loss @4213 (©) dielectric loss [CSE-2007] (©) both magnetic hysteresis loss and dielectric loss 28. What does a time-rate of change of electric (@) evaporation of water displacement lead to? [CSE-2001] (@) Convection current (b) Conduction current 32. Aplane wave propagates in a direction having (©) Displacement current direction cosines (1/ V2, 1/ V2, 0). The equation (d) Nocurrentfiow of the phase fronts is [CSE-2008] @) sy=constant (b) xiy= constant (c) x+y=constant (d) x-y = constant 29, MatchLList-! (Quantity) with List-I (Expression) [CSE-2003]MADE EASY Electromagnetic Theory Is 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. Assertion (A): A circularly polarised wave incident at the Brewster angle becomes linearly polarised Reason (R): A wave composed of both parallel and perpendicular components incident at Brewster angle produces a reflected wave with only E component polarised parallel to the interface, (@) Both A and R are true, and Ris the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and Rare true, but Ris not a correct explanation of A, (©) Ais true, but Ris false. (a) Ais false, but Ris tue. [CSE-2003] ‘The E-field of aunitorm plane wave propagating ina dielectric medium is given by etna 1-12} NB, 3, What is the dielectric constant of the medium? 1 @ ) ©) VB (9 [CSE-2004] Aplane wave with an instantaneous expression for the electric field Ela.) = 4, Eig sin (at ~ke)+4, Eg sin(o! -ke +9) is @) Linearly polarized (b) Circularly polarized (©) Elliptically polarized (a) Horizontally polarized ICSE-2004] Which one of the following statements is correct? When an electromagnetic wave strikes the ait-dielectric interface at an angle {a) the normal electric field components have the same value. (b) the tangential magnetic field components are continuous, (©) the electromagnetic wave is reflected back according to Snell's law. (d) the electromagnetic wave is diffracted [CSE-2005] Match the relationship of items given in List-l (Medium) with the List-Il (Expression for Intrinsic Impedance) and select the correct, answer using the code given below: 38. 39. All symbols have their usual meanings. List-1 A. Free space B. Perfect dielectric ©. Partially conducting medium D. Conducting medium List-I 1. 2 3. 4, [Bo & Codes: ABCD @ 123 4 ) 13 42 ©4213 @) 4 3 24 [CSE-2006] Anelectromagn: given by: field in free space (ity. €,) is E =A, Ey cos(at ~kyz)vim cos(iat —Kyz)Am where ky = «yg &9 - Whatis the average power per unit area associated with this wave? a, ES ©) Jeon aes @ 300K = 12] f [CSE-2007] ‘Awave propagating in a lossless dielectric has the field components 00cos(10"t — Bz), Vin, and 500 7 ole 500 coscio’t— spon Co8(10"t-Bz)a, Aim= 34, al whal frequencies the conduction current density will be equal to displacement current density? 6 Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering I the wave velocity is 1.5 x 108 mis, the medium 1 has (@) MHz (b) 6OMMz 60 1 @ 4, 1 (©) 6.0MHe (a) gMHe © n 4 ICSE-2009] r 44, A plane wave is propagating in a material (coven a ~ 205] characterized by e, = 2.25, 1, = 1 and o = 0. ° Whats the value of f in rad/m, when the electric [CSE-2007] field is given by 40. The skin depth of an electromagnetic wave in E = 10c0s(3 x 10"t -62)a, vim two dissipative media A and B is 8 and 26 fe 15 (o) 150 respectively. If the velocity of the wave in ( 8 (@ 20 medium Ais V, what is the velocity of the wave [ese-2010) in medium 8? v v Transmission Line @% 5 45, Smith's charts are used to obtain the impedance ov (@ av relations along a [CSE-2008] {@) lossless transmission line for different foad 41, Which one of the following correctly represents conditions. index of refraction (n) in terms of relative (b) lossy transmission line for different load permittivity (¢,)? conditions " (©) lossy transmission line terminated at a load (@) n=e equalto line characteristic impedance (@) lossless transmission line terminated at a 1 load equal to line characteristic impedance. (on we (d) n=(Je,) [CSE-2001] [CSE-2008] 46. Assertion (A): Alow voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is the goal in a transmission line. 42, If H=4,H,-,H, represents the H-field in a Reason (R): The higher the VSWR, the greater is the mismatch on the line. ‘transverse plane of an em wave travelling in the (@) Both A and R are rue, and Ris the correct Z-direction, then whatis the E-field in the wave? explanation of A. eH (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not a correct Hy = (0) Zola, - Hy ‘explanation of A () Zoli, +44, (©) Ais true, but Bis false. (@) Ais false, but Ris tue. (©) Z.|-@H, -4)H,| [CSE-2001] (@) Za, +44.) 47. Allossless line of length 1/4 and characteristic [ese-2008] impedance Z, transforms a resistive load Rinto an impedance (Z,%/R). When the line is W2 long 43. For amalerial with conductivity «= 10-%sim and the transformed impedance will be (a) (ZR) (b) 2(Z7/R) ) % (d) R [CSE-2002]MADE EASY Electromagnetic Theory 17 48. A generator of 50 @ internal impedance and List! operating al 1 GHz feeds a 75 @ load via a 1. Reflection coefficient for voltage coaxial ine of characteristic impedance 50 ©. 2. Transmission coefficient for voltage The voltage standing wave ratio on the feed line 8. Reflection coefficient for current is 4. Transmission coefficient for current (@) 050 (©) 150 5. Standing-wave ratio (©) 175 (a) 250 Code: [CSE-2002] ABCD * @ 1254 49. How long (in terms of wavelength) should the based short-circuited lossless line be so as to appear 1324 jrcuit at the input terminals? a an open circuit at the input terminals’ a2 54 a - @ 124 wrk ICSE-2005] 52. Match List (Parameters) with List-I (Range © 1% @r of values) and select the correct answer using 3 the code given below the lists: [CSE-2004] List-1 List! ‘A. Reflection cosfficient atinput 1. 010 50. structure consisting of two loss-less lines, each BWR pb iwe NA long and terminated in a resistance R, is ' 1 C._Inputimpedance 3. -1t0 +1 shown in the figure given below. The lines have D . . Phase shift magnitude 4, Oto2n characteristic impedances of 22, and Z, : 3 Codes: respectively as shown. What is the impedance me BCD ‘ 9 measured at the end XX’ 1284 x b) 1 4 3 2 2a 9% 27,,7% ER @ 3 142 et @3 214 [CSE-2006] [ae 53, Fora parallel plate transmission line with perfectly @R (© aR conducting plates of width wand separated by (© Z3R (@) 4z218 a lossless dlelectc slab of tickness a) the [ese-2005} characteristic impedance Z, Is p times the intrinsic impedance n of the dielectric medium 51. Match List-1 (Expression) with List-Il where (Cosfficient) and select the correct answer using a the code given below @ p=y List- (©) p A Icse-2007] 8. 54, Which one of the following statement is correct? ‘The condition which does not guarantee distortion less transmission is c. (@) atlow frequencies, A >> wl and G>> 06 (b) athigh frequencies, R << wl and G<< wC (©) C=GLIR D. (d) R=G=0 [csE-2009]10 | [SAIC Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering GEESE Electromagentic Theory 1 @ 3 @ 4 @ 2 © 10. () 11. @ 12 ©) 17. (18 @)— 19.) 20.) 25. (b) 26. (b) 27, (a) 28. (0) 33. ©) 34 = b) 35.) 86. (0) 41. 42, (bh) 43.) 44.) 49. (a) 50. (b) 51.) 8.) 87. (d) 58. (4) 59. (a) 60. e) 65. (a) 66. (b) 67, () 68. (a) 73. (0) 74. (6) 78. (a) @® 7 @ & © 13. (6) 14. (b) 18. (b) 16. tb) 21. (a) 22. (b) 28. (b) 24. (b) 29. (a) 30. (d) 31. (be) 82.) 37.) 88.) 88. fb) 40.) 45. (a) 46. fa) 47. (a) 48. 6) 53. (a) 84. (a) 55. (bh) 86. (a) 61. (a) 62, (b) 63.) 64.) 69. (b) 70. (0) «71. (d) 72.) He Divergence ofa vector A is given by aA, 2A, aA, “x ay” az vA = Tx +j6y +k2 = 2x 2, ay az VA = 2c tay 328 (W- Aya ay = (2)(2) + 1214) + 3(1)F = 444843-55 2 Elect fel due tof line charge with charge density at adatance r a l= aay Given, 4 = 1 ¢/m, r= 1m wet El= - IE = ore)” Beep Hie ‘y-conslant represents an equipotential surface. Elect tet E-- y¥ Electric field ia always perpendicular to the equipotential surface, So any unit vector In the direction of E represents a unit vector normal to °F. Unit vector in the direction ofMADE EASY iw a Conducting plate According to image theory, charge configuration above an infinite conducting plane may be replaced by charge configuration itself, its image and an equipotentia surface in place of conducting plane. For given configuration as per image theory. tae “a Image is taken as -q because only then V = 0. Force between +q and conducting plane will be same as that of force between +g and—q Hc) There wil be a redistribution of charge on outer sphere 60 that center of charge aistribution will always be the center of metallic sphere. So net charge = 0 for any point outside. Potential = 0 irrespective of position of inner sphere Gia Capacitance, c= SA (For parallel plate capacitor) Cae, Allother parameters are constant, Gs O & Charge, q=cVv ElectromagneticTheory ju For constant voltage qa C, a fa a ee Given, = 24, = ep = 2, €,=1 (Ain = & =2 Mic Electric field E=-w wv ar av ar av a E = xyi-(8r-z)j+yk ha.-14) = 612-97 - (82) = 4) +1) = 127-8)-k Ec) According to Gauss's law total electric tlux ¥ through any closed surface is equal o total charge enclosed by that surface, W = GD-d8 = Quen, D— electric flux density or electric displacement Quo = (9) (volume) =() (2 §0-ds = (O\(4na?)=p nat D= dpa12 | [SAIC Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering Hc) Electric field due to an infinite line charge. lel = 5 Direction of field will be along 4, Hale) Ps Electric field due toa charged sheet = Pe 0 p,— surface charge density Potential at distance rfrom sheet = E.d Vag? Potential at sheet A due to B Bs 2 d=Pud 0 2a 20 tog) = 26-9, Vat Vac pd _2pd Vag = Y= = Pia -24 2a 2a (a> Ve): Vg Vag) = 1:2 ie a, = dre, Re a, > Electric polarizability R Radius of sphere o, a RE ac) Dipole moment, p= qa q> charge, d— distance unit of p> C.m which is also called Debye. ale) Electic feta E =-w we ((or spherical cordinates) _16 wv Par Integrating both sides, av= Bar z 16 = Bic r z *) 84.0.1) 16 +C=-8 n= Tp +O=-8+C v,= —8s¢=-44+0 4 Va- Vp =-84+C+4-C=-4VMADE EASY ElectromagneticTheory | 13 ie As per Kirchoff’s current law, current entering a point (node) is equal to current leaving the point Also as per continuity equation, 5 _ apy Ved at ap, 2 <0 atapoin 20 atapa vg <0 Further as per dvergence theorem [VJ =$36 80, gd ds =0 ie Flux o (Area) Magnetic fu aso forloop pa rape (area) $0 (Sal) Magnetic flux for loop ‘tuvwt 4, +5, Due to direction of current and consequent magnetic field the flux setup in the area of loop tuvwt left to wire is opposite to that of field to the light sice of wire, Further total flux in loop ‘tuvwt is sum of flux on left and right side area Area of left side — (a) (1) Area of right side — (4c) (0) 4 & (c) (0) 4 (40) 4, is opposite of 6, Nel flux of loop ‘tuvwt « (3a) Total flux of both loop 0. (3a! + 3) #0 6dr 80, w= 29 Ew Magnetic field due to charge disc with surface charge density ‘o,', radius “R,’ B, = oo, Q 9, = 2 (ascharge aa 90) For, R, = 2R, Qs (2A, 4 B, = ,o,0R, 1(%} orc2R9 1 1 Jrco.0F, = 38, aie Holi te Force Length“ ~ 2ar ty F r hile ‘It satisfies Newton's third law, ‘© Currentin same direction — Attraction In opposite direction — Repulsion ie14 | Similarly, Fy = — Fi+thy = 0 (Away from conductor) ie Maghetle vector potential due toline charge _ bol g A 4n 7 R Gi = (a doa, (Cylindrical coordinates) Also conversion of &, into cartesian coordinates = ~A,sing +4, cose o=0 But for point P, 0, diection of A at Pis &, Bale) According lo Biol-savart law, Idisin® ja = ae [SAIC Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering Baie As per ampere's circuital law, GB-at = nof fu-dS = JJ(¥xB) dS = of fu-ds =VxB= Hy) 22. As per ampere's circutal law, GALA = Fone For constant current density 2 Hal = Hfdl = H.2nr ze Ir Ir n= nF Ee Magnetic eld density de to infinite wire Hol Be ana Given, a=1m B= 2x 10% W/m? hy = 4x 107 tote NO) Ltrs - 110m Ea) For a lossy dielectric Maxwell an equation VxA = (+jadE Aso, 60, vx = jwe( 1-1 JE = jae(t-jtan8)EMADE EASY Ew Ina charged medium and time varying magnetic fila, VE =P € 0, VE +0 yxE = 2H; He nat so, VxE #0 Ew) Ditection of induced emf and consequent current should be such that field produced by this current in loops strengthen the field produced by ‘/’ (Lenz law), Anticlockwise in“A’ and clockwise in 'B' produces the field that strengthen the field by 1 a) + Gauss law V-D=p + Kirchotf currentlaw, vd = 2 (Continuity eqaution) ‘+ Modified ampere's law, ee) vx = 7422 “a + Faradayslaw, =. 28 vxe - 228 * a Ec) Maxwell's equation for time varying field. vxA = 3422 ot J Conduction current density aD 20 J, Displacement curent density Ee) By Poynting theorem P= ExA (Power flow density) Characteristic impedance, if H Ve n Electromagnetic Theory [15 Also, E if 1 uve Jue (Velocity of light) Hae As per Maxwells equation, vx = deeds J, —» Conduction current density Jy > Displacement current density For this system, VxH =0 20, =e Direction of curent is direction of movement of positive charge. We é — Direction of J, > a Direction of J, - (ad) Ee) Microwave oven heats food by the process of dielectric heating. Microwave radiation penetrates into food upto 1-2 inches and heat the water into the food uniformly Ec) Phase frontis a plane perpendicular to the direction of wave motion, % Let fi be a unit vector in the direction of wave propagation,16 | Here, Equation of phase front is #7 = constant Ha.+ a, | (ea, +ya, +24.) = costant pact pay pOdet ya tz = of = constant on, x += constant Ec) ‘+ Acircularly polarised (C.P) wave is composed of both s and p-polatised wave. When C.P. wave in incident at Brewster angle or polarization angle, p-componentis completely transmitted which i a linearly polarized wave. «Reflected wave is s-polarized in which E is perpendicular to plane of incidence. tb) Velocity of wave = v=2 B -t1.14t ue fioeo er For this medium, He Hye 808, @= 10*radisec. 1 Be em 1 1 = ¥B(108) = = = VBWO) = Ee x108 = (tO Ee = ¢,=3 Ec Forawave, E(z.t) = Eo sin(ot ke) 4, + 4x9 sin(ot + kz) +4) Polarization is elliptical E = 46, +a, * For E,q = Ezy and 6 = #90" wave will be circularly polarized. [SAIC Topicwise Previous Solved Papers Electrical Engineering ‘* For E, 180° out of phase or in phase with E, wave is linearly polarized. Elic) EM wave reflected as per Snell's law where angle of incidence = Angle of reflection. {Ho Free space = Perfect dielectric = [4 € Partially conducting medium or lossy dielectric Jou o+ jae Conducting medium = f= 3 Ele) P= ExA Time average of poynting veclor is average power (Poynting vector) per unitarea. F = Exe costat—fz) a, A new cos(at -B, -6,) 3, 5 ne oar ~ Porglt) = ppp c080, By For given waves in free space, lo n= 120% = a eB P, = —fo___f [Pool = Gyriaaa)~ Ban sn. Bs Pagl2) = 5yaz Be Ew (1) 80,