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Chapter 5
Motion
Checkpoint
Checkpoint 1 (p.12)
1.
2.
3.
560 m
Checkpoint 3 (p.27)
1. Table:
100 cm
(b) dummy
2. (a)
(b)
202 + 402
(c)
time / s
10
velocity / m s1
20
= 44.72 44.7 cm
= 26.57 26.6
3. (a) No.
You are not undergoing acceleration when you
are moving at a constant speed along a straight
line.
(b) Yes.
You are undergoing acceleration whenever you
are speeding up.
(c) Yes.
You are undergoing acceleration whenever you
are changing your direction of motion.
Checkpoint 2 (p.21)
1. Table:
time / s
10
displacement / cm
10
15
50
(d) No.
You are not undergoing acceleration when you
are moving at a constant speed along a straight
line.
2|
Checkpoint 4 (p.34)
1.
2.
1
s = (u + v)t
2
3. (a) Acceleration
= slope of the v t graph
10 5
=
=
50
1 m s2
(5 + 10)(5)
=
2
Hence, we get
1
500 = (100 + 50)t
2
t = 6.667 s
37.5 m
Hence, we get
Checkpoint 5 (p.40)
02 u 2 = 2(5)(50)
2. Graphs:
u = 22.36 m s1
Checkpoint 7 (p.61)
1. Table:
time / s
velocity / m s1
displacement / m
20
10
15
20
10
15
20
2. (a)
(b)
Exercise
|3
Therefore, the smallest and the largest displacements of the marble are 2 cm and 6 cm
respectively.
6. Electronic timing is more accurate than using
stopwatches.
It is because the error due to the reaction times
of the timekeepers are signi icant in the results of
swimming competitions. The inishing times of the
swimmers are so close that the ranks determined by
the readings of stopwatches may be inaccurate due
to the reaction time.
7. (a) Displacements: dummy
4500
0.032
23 400
1140
#
Magnitude of AD :
AD =
#
Direction of AD :
tan =
50
80
So the displacement is
32.0
94.3 m
(S 32.0 W).
4|
562 cm
So the displacement is
158 cm
to the left.
(c) No.
The displacement of the ball does not depend
on the choice of the positive direction.
AB =
(b) dummy
90
70
52.1
= 29.05
(b) Yes
(c) No
5.15 m
30.6
(b) 55 cm s1 = 55 102 =
(c) 9 km min1 = 9000
60 =
3. (a)
(b)
(c)
150
m s1
0.55
m s1
m s1
(260)+10
6060
= 0.036 11 h
Average speed
distance
= total
total time =
63
6
Ottos displacement is
26.6
72 km h1
No.
Her average speed is lower than the speed
limit (80 km h1 ).
6710 m
2.6
0.03611
(N 26.6 W).
(0.84)+0+(12)
4+6+2
0.433 m s1
s = (0.8 4) (1 2) = +1.2 m
Average velocity:
62
4.241
s
1.2
= +0.1 m s1
v= =
t 4+6+2
0.1 m s1
|5
towards
4.44 m s1
2.83 m s1
due east.
(b) dummy
1.
2.
For a braking car, the direction of its acceleration is opposite to its velocity.
vu
t
, we have
Overall displacement:
s=
2=
s 223.6 1000
=
10.4 m s1
t
6 3600
v 8
6
v = 20 m s1
20 m s1
after 6 s.
15 0
t
t =5s
63.4
1.5 =
0 15
t
vu
t ,
we have
t = 10 s
10.4 m s1
(c) No.
The velocity of the car changes when it changes
its direction of motion.
7. (a) Time required for Mandy to run from A to B
= 1.885 s.
= 2(6/2)(1/2)
5
25 s
vu
t ,
we have
a=
6 18
= 0.6 m s2
20
0.6 m s2
6|
vu
t ,
we have
0.6 =
06
t
10 s
t = 10 s
to stop.
8 (8)
= 32 m s2
0.5
32 m s2
away from
8. (a) The skater slides up the ramp with a decreasing speed until she reaches the highest point,
where she is momentarily at rest. Then she
slides down the ramp with an increasing speed.
(b) Take the direction up the ramp as the positive.
By a = vu
t , we have
0.8 =
2 2
t
0.80
200
0.04 m s1
t =5s
5s
18.75 m s1
0.085 m s2
=
(c) Area = (90+120)60
2
6300 m
2.
3.
4.
22.5 m
after
due east of
160 m
v=
160
0.533 m s1
5 60
160
= 0.889 m s1
3 60
3
0.5
|7
200
350
0 20
= 4
T 10
T=
15 s
change in displacement
time taken
+20
5
= 4 m s1 .
2050
140
14.6 m s1
2
2050
2
2T 35 = 102.5
T=
68.75 s
So the displacement is
20 m
backward.
8|
2
[(T 4) + T ] 40
2
3(2T 2) = 4(2T 4)
a = 50 m s2
50 m s2
3T 3 = 4T 8
T=
02 0.42 = 2(0.1)s
5s
12010
30
3.67 m s1
v 2 0 = 2ad
3.
v avg = st =
(u+v)t
2
v2 d
1t =
u+v
2
p
d
(0 + 5)t
2
3 m s2
forward.
1
s = 0 + (3)(4)2 = 24 m
2
24
a = 3 m s2
(b) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , at t = 4 s, we have
Therefore, x =
s 1 = 15.15 m
The acceleration is
2.
1
54 = 0 + a(6)2
2
t 1 = 3.030 s
1.
t=
0.064 s
(u+v)t
,
2
27 m
18 m s1
450
= 125 m s1
3.6
By v 2 u 2 = 2as , we have
v 2 1252 = 2(5)(1200)
v = 2(5)(1200) + 1252
1
12 = 4t + (0.5)t 2
2
= 60.21 60.2 m s1
60.2 m s1
0 = t 2 16t + 48
t = 4 s or 12 s
when it
0 60.212
a=
2(250)
v 2 42 = 2(0.5)(12)
= 7.25 m s2
v2 = 4
7.25 m s2
v = 2 m s1 or 2 m s1
t=
vu
a ,
we have
60.21 125
= 12.96 s
5
0 60.21
t2 =
= 8.305 s
7.25
t1 =
Hence,
21.3 s
0.8 s
012
(b) The acceleration = 40.8
= 3.75 m s2 .
So the deceleration of the car is 3.75 m s2 .
s 2 = 30 m
v 2 u 2
2a .
s1 =
0 152 = 2(3.75)s 2
|9
2.
3.
10 |
Average speed
v=
s
112
=
t 4.778
1
10 = (3)t + (9.81)t 2
2
23.4 m s1
0 = 4.905t 2 3t 10
So she takes
5. (a) Take the downward direction as positive.
By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have
(b) By v = u + at , we have
v = 3 + (9.81)(1.766) 14.3 m s1
* 0 + 1 (9.81)(2)2 19.6 m
ut
s =
2
19.6 m
(b) By v = u + at , we have
v = 0 + (9.81)(2) = 19.62 m s1
0 = 2 + 9.81t
1
2
2 at ,
t = 0.2039 0.204 s
we have
0.204 s
* 0 + 1 (9.81)t 2
ut
1 =
2
2
t=
9.81
1
s = (2)(0.2039) + (9.81)(0.2039)2 0.2039 m
2
0.452 s
u = 162 2(9.81)(13)
0.970 m s1
1
s = 0 + (9.81)(0.6 0.2039)2 = 0.7697 m
2
0.9735
0.6
(b) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have
1
s = (0.9695)(1) + (9.81)(1)2 5.87 m
2
u = 0.9695 0.970 m s1
1.77 s
5.87 m
v2 = 4
v = 2 m s1 or 2 m s1
2 m s1
downward.
Chapter Exercise
Multiple-choice Questions (p.65)
1.
2.
5.
6.
0 12
= 3 m s2
a=
84
| 11
7.
2
v 2 u
= 2as
v 2 = 2as .
v = 12 + (3)(1) = 9 m s1
Therefore, we get
u=
= 0.36 m s1
3.
4.
(9 + 12)(1) (2 + 4)(12)
+
= 46.5 m
2
2
= 0.2 m s1
By v = u + at , we have
0.0840.064
0.1
a = 0.8 m s2
>
h =
ut
+ at 2
2
p
h=
a
t
2
a
2 t
a
2T.
p
So the graph of h against t is a graph with positive
12 |
p
h=
a t intercept.
For u = 0, we get s t 2 . Hence, the shorter the
distance between the adjacent images of the stone,
the shorter the time interval between which the
images are taken. So option A is the answer.
A
100 =
T=
[(T 4) + (T 0.3)](8)
2
By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have s = 12 at 2
Therefore,
D
tX Y : tX Z =
XY :
XY +Y Z =
(1A)
6.83 m s1
t 1 : t 2 = 3 : (5 3) = 3 : 2
13.
14.
d /m
v 2 / m2 s2
0.2
4.0
0.4
7.8
0.6
11.8
0.8
15.8
1.0
19.4
By v = u + at , at t = 4 s, we have
1
36 = u(4) + a(4)2
2
9 = u + 2a
At t = 6 s, we have
1
36 = v(2)+ a(2)2
2
1
36 = (u+4a)(2)+ a(2)2
2
forward
s t2
p p
9 : 9 + 16 = 3 : 5
(1M)
14.65
s
100
v avg = =
T
14.65
(1A)
1
ut + at 2
2
p
When h = 0, t would be zero. Hence, the graph would not have
11.
18 = u+5a
(1M+1A)
| 13
2
>
v
v 2 = 2(0.85g )(12.8)
v =
2(0.85 9.8)(12.8)
= 14.60 14.6 m s
(1M)
s
t,
(1A)
we
29.3
t
14.60 =
(1M)
t 2.01 s
2.01 s
(1A)
(1M)
19.51 m s2
(1A)
2
Since v 2 u
= 2g s
of the graph is 2g .
Therefore, g = 19.51
2
v 2 = 2g s , the slope
9.76 m s2
(b) No.
The result would not be affected because all
rulers fall at the same acceleration under
gravity.
18. (a) (i) Take the forward direction as positive.
Let v be the inal velocity of the car. By
(1A)
s = 12 at 2
t2 =
(1M)
(1A)
(1A)
2
a
0.1 0.06
0.5 0.3
(1M)
0.2 m s2
(1A)
= 0.2, therefore
2
= 10 m s2
0.2
The acceleration is
10 m s2
downward.
(1A)
(c) Any
of the following:
Air resistance
Error in reading the ruler marks
The dimension of the ball which causes
error in measuring s
(1A)
(1M)
(2A)
14 |
(1A)
(1A)
(1A)
(v B v A ) T = s
(1A)
T = 25
(1A)
(1M)
(1M)
(1A)
(1A)
1
2
s A = uT + g T
2
s = (u)T + 1 g T 2
B
2
| 15
(1M)
30 = s T + (s L )
(1M)
1.22 s
.
(1A)
s L is negative.
(b) By s = ut + 12 at 2 , we have
(1M)
1
s = (20)(1.217) + (8)(1.217)2 18.4 m
2
(1A)