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Workshopping Memo
So for the workshop, my partner and I both shared our copies. They were able to find all the
errors I had missed or instructions I didnt read such as not putting it in alphabetical order. Some
of the errors found were spelling errors, and they had told me to find some more professional
sources. They really helped me see catch my errors and helped me choose some better sources. I
had kept some of the sources that they recommended to change because I was comfortable with
them and they provided the information I needed. I believe that the workshop went well as I felt
that my partner help me make my bibliography more organized and prepared me better to use
this information for the future.

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Kerjan Astudillo
11/9/16
UWRT 1103-004
Laura Knudson
Annotated Bibliography
Bonacic, Cristian, and Adrian Treves. "Humanity's Dual Response to Dogs and Wolves." Science
Direct. Elsevier, 13 May 2016. Web. 3 Nov. 2016
This article has two authors, Cristian Bonacic and Adrian Treves, who both seem experienced as
both are in fields dealing with environmental studies. This article deals with the ecological costs
and benefits humans received from interacting with wolves and dogs. They propose to explain
humanitys unusual mutualism with dogs and wild wolves. It states that dogs were first
domesticated 31,000-41,000 years ago and humans were attached to the animals. It gives
examples of behaviors found in dogs that resemble humans. Dogs are found to be better at
reading human social and communicative behavior than primates. An example of a behavior is
that they can use a pointing gesture to find hidden food and are able to tell what a human can or
cannot see. It also goes into detail that there is an inherited, biological component to human
responses to dogs, wolves, and maybe other canids and then goes about on how it reached that
conclusion. It then explains that they made three assumptions for their hypothesis, which are the
precursor to taming was attraction to wild wolves, mutualism was adaptive, and the different
responses to some canids was heritable.

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The article includes so much information that I am able to use for my assignment. Most of the
questions I had about interactions between humans and canines were answered as I continued
reading. It also provides a clear cut hypothesis that I was able to keep up with and provided
examples for most of the facts it provided. This seems to be an academic article, and includes all
the different sources that they had used. There are two author, and both seem to come from
scientific backgrounds, as both deal with something around environmental studies.

Grieves, Deidre. 5 Fascinating Behaviors Dogs Inherit From Wolves - Pet360 Pet Parenting
Simplified. Pet360, Pet360, 2015
This article was written by Deidre Grieves and it dives right into the similarities between the dog
and its closest relative, the wolf. The author talks about how the behaviors of dogs can be
explained by looking at wolves. The article then talks about a famous dog trainer that has worked
for many celebrities, and how that before she worked for celebrities, she observed the behaviors
of wolves in the Arava Desert. The article lists these behaviors and then shows insight on how
wolves do it and what it means. An example is how dogs wrestle each other, and when wolves do
it, it is to establish dominance and get out energy. This is the same for dogs, they are not fighting
but merely playing with each other. Another example would be how dogs roll around in the mud
after a bath. This is due to the dog feeling like the scent makes them a prey, as wolves mark
everything by their scent. The article then goes about saying that do not think a dog is
misbehaving by its wolf instincts but rather show it the behavior you want it to learn.
This article seems to be a post from an average person, but goes about stating things from a wellknown professional on dogs. I find this article very useful as it has behaviors that reside from

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back when they were wolves and the article goes about explaining why it has these instincts. I
find this author credible as it includes information from a professional and what they have to say
on the matter. The structure of the article starts off as a regular article, but then becomes a list.
Then each item in the list has an explanation on what the behavior is and what it means.
Gross, Terry. From Fire Hydrants To Rescue Work, Dogs Perceive The World Through Smell.
NPR, NPR, 4 Oct. 2016
This is an article written by Terry Gross and they seem to be a host of a podcast, but also have
written this. So the main point of the article is about how a dogs sense of smell can give the
ability to picture the world with just that sense. By that it means that a dog not only know what a
particular smell is, but where it is located. It also then goes on stating that dogs tend to rely less
on their sense of smell by being near humans, and start to look at gestures and facial expressions
more. It then goes on stating what type of things they can detect, such as dogs being trained to
find explosives and drugs with almost perfect accuracy. Another thing they can detect, which was
found accidentally, was melanoma, which means that dogs are able to detect tumors. This was
found when a dog persistently smells there owners, and when the owners to the doctors to have it
checked out, it was discovered to be melanoma. The article then goes on to state other type of
things a dog can detect and the explanation on why they smell certain things.
This article was very informative, as it provided good insight on a trait of a dog. It talks about the
different uses of a dog nose and how it can be helpful. This article seems to come from a podcast
where someone talks to a writer who has written about a dogs sense of smell. It is because of
this that I believe the source is credible. The structure of the writing goes from little sections,
some dealing things they detect in their world, and reasons why they smell things, as well as
talking about how good their sense of smell is.

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Hare, Brian, and Michael Tomasello. Human-like Social Skills in Dogs? Trends in Cognitive
Sciences, vol. 9, no. 9, 9 Sept. 2005, pp. 439444.
This article includes two authors Brian Hare and Michael Tomasello go into detail on the
tendency of dogs and how they behave. They go on talking about how it correlates with human
behavior, giving examples and experiments on how they are able to understand human signals.
An experiment provided was how a piece of food is hidden inside one of several containers, and
then one points at the object with the food in it in order to help the subject find it. It was shown
that dogs are able to understand this sign, but chimpanzees, which have an easier time solving so
many others social problems but are unable to understand the gesture and what it means. Also
during the experiment, they made sure that the dogs were not able to locate the food by smell or
any other factor. They solely had to rely on the gesture made by the human on where to find the
food. It then raises good questions explaining why these dogs seem to have human like behaviors
and explanation. It seems that these behaviors stem from either three possibilities, which are the
necessity to pick up signals as they were social pack hunter back when they were wolves, they
grew up with humans and learn from them, or that these social skills came about due to
domestication. The article then want to have further investigations into the ways in which dogs
do and do not communicate with humans and how the social skills came to be.
This article provided an example of the behavior with dogs and how it coincides with humans. It
shows an experiment of this idea being tested and goes into detail on different explanations that
might show how this behavior came about. This seems to be credible as it was published by what
seems to be a textbook for an institute that studies evolutionary anthropology. The authors
organize there source by first providing an example, showing an experiment to prove said
example, and then go into the details on how it came to be. Something that may be an issue with

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this source is that its a tad dated, but the experiment can still be replicated now so it seems
reasonable to keep it.
University of Lincoln. "A mans best friend: Study shows dogs can recognize human emotions."
ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 12 January 2016.
So the author of this article is not one person, but from research organizations. The main idea
behind the source is that there was a study that showed that dogs can recognize human emotions.
There was a study where 17 domestic dogs without prior training were shown images paired with
sounds conveying either positive or negative emotional expression in dogs and humans. It was
found that the dogs spent significantly longer looking at the facial expressions which matched
the emotional state of the sound for both types of subjects. So for the first time, it was found that
dogs must form a mental representations of both positive and negative emotional states, and are
not displaying learned behaviors when responding to the expressions of people and other dogs.
As it ends, the source states that such an ability would have been advantageous and the detection
of emotion in humans may even have been selected for over generations of domestication by
humans.
The article provided an interesting experiment that proved if a dog can detect emotions and that
it is not something that is learned. This seems to be an academic article explaining how an
experiment proves that dogs are able to understand human emotions. I believe that this article is
credible as it was published by the University of Lincoln from different research organizations.
Their information is organized by providing what the experiment was and how it worked. It
would then explain why this was such an important development into how dogs think.
Wagner, Jeff. Differences Between Wolves and Dogs. Mission: Wolf, Mission: Wolf, 2016

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This article by Jeff Wagner talks about the difference between wolves and dogs. It goes into
detail that the two species have some similar characteristics, such as their sense of smell and
even behavioral things like putting their ears back to show submission. However, dogs have
spent hundreds of years living amongst humans and have evolved to be very different from their
wild ancestors. Dogs seem to retain juvenile traits like the fact that the majority of dog breeds
have floppy ears and short snouts which characteristics that are only found in wolf puppies.
Another thing is that a wolfs head is much larger in comparison to their body size than dogs.
This is due to wolves have bigger brains and as a result are more intelligent. Wolves also have
chests and hips which are so narrow that you can easily hold their front legs together and have
them stand comfortably. It then ends with the biggest difference, stating that wolves mature more
than dogs, and eventually want to be independent.
This article is something that will help me so much as it gives me concrete differences between
dogs and wolves. This article seems to be with the sole purpose of providing facts about wolves.
I believe that this source is credible due to the fact that it provides clear differences with pictures
in the difference between the two canines. The article starts with some similar traits between the
two species but then goes straight into the differences. Each difference is then made into their
own paragraph so it makes it easier to find the information I want.
Wilcox, Christie. Evolution: The Curious Case of Dogs. Observations of a Nerd, Science
Blogs, 26 Jan. 2010
So this is what seems to be a blog written by Christie Wilcox and it goes into describing mans
best friend as a curious case as it tells us the dogs are a prime example of evolution. It talks about
how even Charles Darwin even back then speculated that how diverse dogs were supported his
famous theory of evolution. It then talks about how all the different types of breeds we have

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today originally came from one species. It talks about how humans fine-tuned the wolf with
domestication and how it changed everything. It talks about how the traits wolves had, such as
their social structure, made the predisposed to belong to a community. Humans also choose to
breed dogs that were less aggressive or looked unique. What all this shows is that a large amount
of diversity can happen very quickly, not like how we usually think evolution works. The author
ends it with saying that dogs help us understand and demonstrate the core principles of evolution
and tells us that humans had a dramatic impact on the animal.
So this reading is a blog that includes the citations of many different type of sources. I had also
looked at the sources the author had used and I saw that they were all used properly. The blog
also includes interesting information on dogs from Moscow, and talks about the behaviors of
wild dogs and how they relate to their relatives. The whole reading was very interesting and help
provide more information on the behaviors of canines. The author presents her information by
starting off on where dogs came from, how they came to be, the behaviors they inherit, and then
ties it all back to evolution.

Yong, Ed. "A New Origin of Dogs." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 02 June 2016. Web.
31 Oct. 2016.
This is an article written by Ed Yong, and he is someone who writes for The Atlantic. The article
written talks about the domestication of animals on how humans would not be how we are here
today if it were not for domestication, wolves being the first thing we domesticated. It states that
wolves were domesticated around 10,000-30,000 years ago and goes into different ideas on how
wolves came to be tamed. It goes from them being tamed and bred from humans, to the wolves

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domesticated themselves by scavenging the remains left by hunters, becoming tamer each
generation until they became our companions. It then goes into detail on how it is quite possible
that dogs were domesticated twice by providing facts and information about how they came to
that conclusion such as comparing the DNA from dogs found back then to those found today. It
continues with others saying that double domestication cannot be the case, but the article quickly
states that this is the only explanation for the genome of dogs as it was then. Author then states
that these dog researchers disagreeing on how dogs came to be all agreed on whether or not they
are wrong, they all just want to know where they came from.
This article has a good amount of information I can use as it includes multiple theories and
viewpoints on how dogs came to be. Also each theory is backed with facts and information that
can be followed easily. This source is an article, and from the looks of the article it seems like a
credible source. It includes what seems to be professionally drawn artwork that can be seen as
one reads the article. It includes some jokes and puns, but it provided for an entertaining read
that had kept my attention the entire time. After the author includes a fact or theory that someone
said, it goes into detail about the facts behind it, and provides information with other theories that
go against it.