Practice Problems 4

Chapter 2

CHE 151
Graham/07

How many protons and neutrons are in the nuclei of 204Tl atoms?

1.)

_81 protons___
_123 neutrons_

2.)

What is the atomic number, mass number and symbol for the element that has
45 protons and 58 neutrons?

3.)

Z = 45 protons

A = 103

(Atomic Number)

(Mass Number)

___Rh_____
(symbol)

Write the complete symbol for an atom with the following characteristics
39

a.)

contains 19 electrons and 20 neutrons

_19K_________
15

b.)

nitrogen atom with 8 neutrons

____7N______

c.)

bromine atom with a mass number of 80

_35Br________

d.)

mercury atom that contains 281 subatomic particles

____80Hg____

e.)

contains 20 protons and has a mass number of 42

20Ca_________

f.)

cobalt atom with 33 neutrons

_____27Co____

g.)

iodine atom with 181 subatomic particles

_53I_________

h.)

sulfur atom with 52 subatomic particles

______16S____

i.)

uranium atom with 146 neutrons

_92U_________

j.)

copper atom with 65 nucleons

_______29Cu__

80

201

42

60

128

36

238

65

Magnesium occurs in nature in three isotopic forms:

relative mass
24
Mg (78.70% abundance)
23.985 amu

4.)

26

25

Mg (11.17% abundance)

25.983 amu

Mg (10.13% abundance)

24.986 amu

Calculate the atomic mass of Magnesium from these data

24

Mg:
Mg:
25
Mg
26

0.7870 x 23.985 = 18.876195 =

0.1117 x 25.983 = 2.9023011 =
0.1013 x 24.986 = 2.5310818 =

18.88 amu
2.902 amu
2.531 amu
24.313 24.31 amu

5.)

Calculate the atomic mass of titanium on the basis of the following percent
composition and isotopic mass data for the naturally occurring isotopes.
titanium-46
titanium-47
titanium-48
titanium-49
titanium-50

6.)

=
=
=
=
=

7.93% (45.95263 amu) x 0.0793

7.28% (46.9518 amu) x 0.0728
73.94% (47.94795 amu) x 0.7394
5.51% (48.94787 amu) x 0.0551
5.34% (49.9448 amu) x 0.0534

Natural samples of copper contain two isotopes. 63Cu has a mass of

62.930 amu and 65Cu has a mass of 64.928 amu. The percent abundance of
63
Cu is 69.09%. Calculate the atomic mass of copper.

% abundance 65Cu:
63
65

100.00% - 69.09% = 30.91%

Cu: 62.930 x 0.6909 =

Cu: 64.928 x 0.3091 =

7.)

= 3.64
= 3.42
= 35.45
= 2.70
= 2.67
47.88 amu

43.48
20.05.6%7
63.55 amu

The two naturally occurring isotopes of chlorine are 35Cl with a mass
of 34.9689 amu and 37Cl with a mass of 36.9659 amu. The atomic mass of
elemental chlorine on earth is found to be 35.46 amu. Calculate the percent
abundance of each of the two chlorine isotopes.

34.9689X + 36.9659Y =

35.46 amu

X + Y = 1

34.9689X + 36.9659(1-X) = 35.46 amu

34.9689X + 36.9659 - 36.9659X
34.9689X - 36.9659X

Y = (1 - X)

35.46 amu

= 35.46 - 36.9659
(hundredth place)

-1.9970X = -1.5059
round

-1.51

X = -1.51 = 0.756 x 100 = 75.6%

-1.997

1 - 0.756 = Y = 0.244 x 100 = 24.4%

37

Cl

35

Cl

8.)

Calculate the atomic mass of an element if 60.4% of the atoms have a mass of
68.9257 amu and the rest have a mass of 70.9249 amu. Identify the element
in the periodic table.
100.0% - 60 4% = 39.6%
0.604 x 68.9257
0.396 x 70.9249

9.)

=
=

41.6
28.1
69.7 amu

= atomic mass of Gallium (Ga)

Europium has two stable isotopes: 151Eu with a mass of 150.9196 amu and
153
Eu with a mass of 152.9209. If elemental Europium is found to have a
mass of 151.96 amu on earth, calculate the percent of each of the two isotopes
(with the correct number of significant figures).

Mass of Eu = (mass 151Eu)(% abundance) + (mass 153Eu)(% abundance)

X
Y
X + Y = 1
Y = 1X
151.96 amu = (150.9196)X + 152.9209(1 X)
151.96 amu = 150.9196X + 152.9209 - 152.9209X
151.96 - 152.9209 = 150.9196X - 152.9209X
(2 decimal places)
-0.9609 = -2.0013X
X = -0.96 = 0.48 x 100 = 48%
-2.0013

151

Y = 1 X = 1 0.48 = 0.52 x 100 = 52%

153

Eu

Eu

10.)

How many electrons are in each of the following ions?

a.) Cu2+ ___27_____

b.) P3- __18______

11.)

What elements readily form cations?

___metals____________

12.)

What elements readily form anions?

__non-metals_________

13.)

Which members of group 14 (IVA) are classified as nonmetals?

________Carbon (C)________________________

14.)

How much oxygen is required when 11.24 g of cadmium is converted to

12.84 g of cadmium oxide?
___1.60 g oxygen_________
Law of Conservation
of mass

15.)

12.84 g CdO
-11.24 g Cd
1.60 g O

The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm3, and the mass of a single gold atom is
3.27 x 10-22 g. How many gold atoms are present in a piece of gold whose
volume is 3.22 cm3 ?
3.22 cm3 x 19.3 g x 1 atom(Au) = 1.90 x 1023 atoms (Au)
1 cm3
3.27 x 10-22g