Let the music evolve!

On lessons taken from evolution

Why genetic algorithms?

20th Century
informatics
functional modelling
(software)

cognitive sciences
artificial intelligence
...

21st Century
biology
organic implementations
(hardware)

neurosciences
bioengeneering
neoevolutionism
...

21st Century

20th Century
informatics
functional modelling
(software)

cognitive sciences
artificial intelligence
...

biology
organic implementations
(hardware)

genetic algorithms
artificial neural networks
ant algorithms
cellular automata
...

neurosciences
bioengeneering
neoevolutionism
...

experiments:

books:

David Cope
Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI)

Al Biles
Genetic Jammer (GenJam)

Mitchell Whitelaw
Metacreation: Art and Artificial Life

Steven Jan
A Memetics of Music:
A Neo-Darwinian View of Musical Structure and Culture

Grgoire Carpentier
Genetic Algorithms and Orchestration (OrchIde)

Hingston, Barone, Michalewicz (eds.)

Design by Evolution:
Advances in Evolutionary Design

experiments:

books:

David Cope
Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI)

Mitchell Whitelaw
Metacreation: Art and Artificial Life

Al Biles
Genetic Jammer (GenJam)

Steven Jan
A Memetics of Music:
A Neo-Darwinian View of Musical Structure and Culture

Grgoire Carpentier
Genetic Algorithms and Orchestration (OrchIde)

Hingston, Barone, Michalewicz (eds.)

Design by Evolution:
Advances in Evolutionary Design

the homemade evolution

individuals
genotype

phenotype

individuals
genotype

phenotype

AAGTTGTATCC

individuals
genotype

phenotype

AAGTTGTATCC

going into music

genotype

phenotype

going into music

genotype

formula

phenotype

sound

gentotyping music

gentotyping music
tempo
rhythm
volume
register
harmony
timbre

gentotyping music
tempo
rhythm
volume
register
harmony
timbre

example of tempo and

register curves
register = 12*time+50

tempo =
2
+
-2.18*time 4.6*time + 312

example of tempo and

register curves
register = 12*time+50

tempo =
2
+
-2.18*time 4.6*time + 312

music phenotyped

example of tempo and

register curves
register = 12*time+50

tempo =
2
+
-2.18*time 4.6*time + 312

music phenotyped

TIME GRID
[0 .5 1] [100 900 50] [1 1] [0 0] .25 1000 1 10 [1 1 1 .5 1 .5 1 .5 1 1]
REGISTER
[0 1] [60 96] [1] [0]
[0 1] [48 72] [1] [0]
HARMONY
[0 .4 .8 1] [1 0 0 0] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [0 4 7]
[0 .4 .8 1] [0 1 0 0] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [3 7 10]
[0 .4 .8 1] [0 0 1 0] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [1 5 8]
[0 .4 .8 1] [0 0 0 1] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [1 8 11]
SOUNDSETS
[0 .4 .8 1] [1 1 1 1] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] '(("Steinway")&~"stac")' 's>1'

chromosomes of music
[-2.18, 4.6, 356]

chromosomes of music
[-2.18, 4.6, 356]

011011101001110101001

genetic operations

011011101001110101001

genetic operations
mutation
011011101001110101001

011011101001100101011

genetic operations
mutation
011011101001110101001

011011101001100101011

crossover
011011101001110101001
X
100101010011110100110
011011101001110100110

evolution simplified
population
individual

individual

individual

individual
individual
individual

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

environment
fitness
measure

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

environment
audience
fitness
aesthetic
measure
estimation

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

environment
audience
fitness
aesthetic
measure
estimation
no replication

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

environment
audience
fitness
aesthetic
measure
estimation
no replication

replication

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

child

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

environment
audience
fitness
aesthetic
measure
estimation
no replication

replication

operators
[crossover]
[mutation]

parent

evolution simplified
population
musical
ideas
individual
sound

individual
sound

individual
sound

child

individual
sound
individual
sound
individual
sound

environment
audience
fitness
aesthetic
measure
estimation
no replication

replication

operators
[combination]
[crossover]
[transformation]
[mutation]

parent

simple example

simple example

simple example

TIME GRID
[0 1] [552 552] [1 1 1 1 1] [0 0 0 0 0] .25 1000 1 10 [1 1 0.5 1 .5 1 1 1 0.5 1]
REGISTER
[0 1] [84 84] [1 ] [0]
[0 1] [60 60] [1 ] [0]
HARMONY
[0 .4 .8 1] [1 0 0 0] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [0 4 7]
[0 .4 .8 1] [0 1 0 0] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [3 7 10]
[0 .4 .8 1] [0 0 1 0] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [1 5 8]
[0 .4 .8 1] [0 0 0 1] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] [1 8 11]
SOUNDSETS
[0 .4 .8 1] [1 1 1 1] [2 2 2] [1 1 1] '(("Steinway")&~"stac")' 's>1'

lets learn something

1.

the power of
big populations
of small agents

2.

searching for solutions

in many different places
simultaneously

fitness

fitness

fitness

global optimum

local optima

3.

local vs. global

optimization

fitness

fitness

4.

tradition is
just a starting point

fitness

fitness

fitness

fitness

5.

need for diversity

KID - keep it different!

Typical fitness curve in time

fitness

best
individual
average
in population

time
(generations)

Typical fitness curve in time

fitness

best
individual
average
in population

time
(generations)

6.

evolution
follows revolutions

environmental pressure
population
individual

individual

individual

child

individual
individual
individual

environment
fitness
measure
no replication

replication

operators
[crossover]
[mutation]

parent

environmental pressure
population
individual

individual

individual

child

individual
individual
individual

environment
fitness
measure
no replication

replication

operators
[crossover]
[mutation]

parent

7.

environment
is the author
(also)

what is environment?
population
individual

individual

individual

child

individual
individual
individual

environment
fitness
measure
no replication

replication

operators
[crossover]
[mutation]

parent

what is environment?
environment

what is environment?
environment
listener(s),
audience

what is environment?
environment
listener(s),
audience

analytical
tool

what is environment?
environment
listener(s),
audience

analytical
tool

EEG,
fMRI...

8.

computers can emulate

(only)

indivdual affects environment

population
individual

individual

individual

child

individual
individual
individual

environment
fitness
measure
no replication

replication

operators
[crossover]
[mutation]

parent

indivdual affects environment

population
individual

individual

individual

child

individual
individual
individual

environment
fitness
measure
no replication

replication

operators
[crossover]
[mutation]

parent

9.

environment evolves too

(thanks to the artists!)

10.

pragma
behind beauty

technology as a cognitive tool

technology as a cognitive tool

this is my NORMAL