il

~~,.,,,~-~

BATTLES
--~-----v--~-=----==-"==-~--.-=--"'"-----~---==~ .-~

.....~------..ft_______,,.,,~~-~

~--------./.._______~~~~___:),

732 A.O.
TO 1485 A.O.

MEDIEVAL IIlSTORICAL BATTLES

732 AD TO 1485 AD
BY PETER SIDES

FffiST PUBLISHED MARCH 1993

ISBN 1 874351 04 X
COPYRIGHT GOSLING PRESS
GOSLING PRESS
35 CROSS STREET
UPTON
PO:NTEFRACT
WF91EU

INTRODUCTION
The aim of this book is to encourage you, the wargamer, to play medieval wargames as
they should be played historically. It will allow you to refight actual historical battles in
the dark ages and medieval period; from the Saracan invasion of Europe in 732 AD to
the crowning battle of the Wars of the Roses at Bosworth Field in 1485 AD. This is
not a set ofwargames rules, but a series ofhistorical scenarios that can be applied to
most 11Ancients 11 rules- WRG 7th edition Ancients, WRG De Bellis Antiquarius, or
many other ancient or medieval rule books. The scenarios will give you an enjoyable
game that will last 2-3 hours depending on the rules you use. I used WGR DBA fast
play Ancients by Phil Barker to test these scenarios and they were brilliant. This version
is now updated to allow the battles to be fought using the more advanced DBM rules
as well.
Each battle in the book contains: a brief description of historical context;the forces
involved (described in two forms: the actual number of troops; and their equivalent in
elements);an element scale;deployment and any special information ;the victory
conditions;a battle map giving the terrain and the forces initial set up, plus the overall
size of the battlefield;and the historical outcome.
Each battle isestarted at the point at which both armies were committed to fighting. fu
many cases, both armies may have manoeuvre prior to this and even fought preliminary
skirmishes btit in order to recreate the historical battle, these preliminary manoeuvres
are discounted because the wargamer with his bird's eye view of the battlefield, and his
hindsight would not necessarily fight or deploy in the way, or use the terrain as they
did. Battles are rarely fought because of tactical advantage but because external forces
of politics and strategy dictated it.
The scenarios in this booklet give you the tactical problems faced by the commanders
of the day. By deploying as they did, you must fight as they did, and make full use of
any advantages. You will soon see that very few results - even battles that were total
disasters - were foregone conclusions. They were won on very slender margins and
often with large portions ofluck.
Finally, this book is not a major piece of historical research. It is my interpretation of
the facts available to me. You may not agree. This book is not written in tablets of
stone. You may have a different view of the battle. It so, amend it! To help you I have
included the basic information I used when designing these battles.
"The game's afoot"
Follow your spirit: and upon this charge cry "God for Harry! England!"

Page - 1

INDEX OF MEDIEVAL BATTLES

INTRODUCTION
1 TOURS
2 ARBAQ
3 CLONTARF
4 GATEFULFORD
5 STANFORD BRIDGE
6 HASTINGS
7 MANZIKERT
8 DURRAZZO
9 ZALLACA
10 ANTIOCH
11 TINCHEBRAl
12 CARDIGAN
13 STANDARD
14 DUBLIN
15 KURIKARA
16 ARSUF
17 BOUVINES.
18 RIVERINI)US
19 LEWES
20 EVESHAM
21 BENEVENTO
22 STIRLING BRIDGE
23 FALKIRK
24 COURTRAI
25 BANNOCKBURN
26 DYSERT O'DEA
27 CRECY
28 POITERS
29 ROOSEBERKE
30 AJUBOUROTTA
31 SHREWSBURY
32 GRUNWALD
33 AGINCOURT
34 WAKEFIELD
35 NORTHAMPTON
36 TOWTON
37 MORTIMER'S CROSS
38 BARNET
3.9 TEWKESBURY
40 BOSWORTH FIELD
THE BIT AT THE BACK

732AD
957 AD
1014 AD
1066AD
1066 AD
1066 AD
1071 AD
1081 AD
1086AD
1098 AD
1106 AD
1136 AD
1138 AD
1171 AD
1183 AD
1191 AD
1214 AD
1221 AD
1264AD
1265 AD
1266 AD
1297 AD
1297 AD
1302 AD
1314 AD
1318 AD
1346AD
1356AD
1382AD
1385 AD
1403 AD
1410 AD
1415 AD
1460 AD
1460AD
1461 AD
1461 AD
1471 AD
1471 AD
1485 AD

TOURS 732 AD
ARAB INVASION OF EUROPE
The Saracens had invaded Spain in 711 ad and by 712 AD were starting to cross the
Pyrenees into Aquitania, but were repelled by Eudo Duke of Aquitania. The Saracen
Governor Abd-er-Rahman took advantage of internal fighting in Aquitania and in 732
AD invaded. His invasion was of a punitive and loot-gathering nature and after
destroying Eudos' forces, he plundered his way down towards Tours where he met
Charles "Martel" (The Hammer) and his Frankish army.

ARMIES
SARACENS (Andalusian)
Approximately 55,000 men
20 CavI(O), 10 UCavI(F),
10 Spears R(I)(-1 facing spearsDBA)
4 Bow B(I), 6 Auxilia I(I), 10 Psiloi I(O),
1 General Abd-er-Rahman I Cav(O)

CAROLINGIAN FRANKS
Approximately 30,000 men
6 Knights I(F), 14 Spears I(I).
6 Psiloi I(O).
1 General +1 Charles "Martel"
Kn I(F).

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 1500 men; Loose= 1000 men; Open= 500 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Franks deploy first and the Saracens move first.
VICTORY CON'DITION~: The Saracens must destroy 5 elements and the Franks
must destroy 20 elements. The Saracen camp equals 5 elements for victory conditions.

Saracen Cavalry

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: the Saracen strength lay in their mobility, but Charles
drew his shield wall up in a defile that could not be outflanked. The Saracen cavalry
attacked head on but lost heavily and could not draw the Franks into the open. Despite
the terrain the Franks managed to manoeuvre onto the Saracen's flank and killed Abder-Rahman. The Saracen army fled leaving many dead and nearly all their loot.

Page - 3

ARBAQ957 AD
BERBER KINGS
Iran's Buyid rulers controlled large forces of Daylami infantry and Turkish "Ghulam"
cavalry who often ended up fighting each other in internal disputes. In 957 the rebel
leader Ruzbahar was encamped near the bridge over the Karkhel with a large Daylami
infantry force. Muizz Al Dawla distrusted the loyalty of his own Daylami infantry so
he left them in reserve and attacked with his Ghulams.

ARMIES
ARAB EMPIRE

BUYID DAILAMI DYNASTIES

Muizz Al Dawla The Buyid Ruler

Approximately 14,000 men
17 CavR(S), 17 L/CavI(O),
2 Spear, 2 Blade, 2 Psiloi,(4 Aux.I(S),
2Ps,I(O))
1 General (Muizz Al Dawla) +1
Reg Cav(S)

ARAB EMPIRE

Rebel Leader Ruzbahar

Approximately 15,000 men
10 CavR(S), 5 LJCavI(O),
8 Spear(Aux.R(S),
3 Auxilia(Bow.R(O),
5 Psiloi I(O)
1 General Ruzbahar Cav. R( S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Ruzbahar deploys first, then Muizz Al Dawla. +1 when dicing for
the river.

VICTORY CONDITIONS: Muizz Al Dawla must destroy 13 elements and Ruzbahar

13 elements. Let the rebel camp equal 2 elements for victory conditions.

K
~-------78 inches --------11~
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Buyid Ruler attacked all day with hfa "Ghu1am"
cavalry but failed to break the rebels. He finally used his own Daylami infantry to break
through.

CLONTARF 1014 AD
IRELAND versus the NORSEMEN
Norsemen had settled around the coast of Ireland in the late 9th century but had not
been absorbed into the Irish, which threatened the unity of Ireland under Brian Boru,
high King of Ireland and Emperor of the Gael. The war began in 1013 but 1014 saw
both sides drawing in powerful allies for a conflict which started as a domestic dispute
and became a power struggle for Ireland.
ARMIES
NORSE IRISH
Approximately 4,600 men
4 Blade,I(O), 2 Warband I(S),
6 Psiloi I(O), 12 Auxilia,I(S)
1 General. Spear R(I)

VIKINGS
Approximately 3,800 men
4 Blade I(F), 12 Warband,
2 Psiloi,(12 Bd I(I);2 Ps.I(O))
1 General. IBd (0)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Vikings deploy first and the Irish move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Vikings must destroy 8 elements and the Irish 6
elements.

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Vikings under Sitric, with North Leinster allies
faced Malachy's and Murchad's Munstermen and Meatmen on the mofning of Good
Friday, East of the Tolka. At this point Malachy's Meatmen halted and did not enter
the battle, so Murchard's Munstermen formed a solid shieldwall and charged, fighting a
straight battle of attrition. Eventually the Vikings were forced back and broke, but at
the end of the battle Brian Born was killed by the Viking Brodar, the sea rover, and so
the Empire disintegrated.

Page - 5

GATE FULFORD 1066 AD

CONQUEST OF BRITAIN.
On Edward the Confessors death, he appointed Harold Godwinson as his successor.
This appointment set in motion a power struggle for the English crown because other
people thought they had a better claim to the throne. Gate Fulford was the fiSt major
battle in this power struggle. Tostig, Harold's brother, having failed to take the throne
himself, allied himself with Harald Hadraade of Norway, in the hope of taking Northern
England.

ARMIES
ANGLO DANISH

VIKING

Approximately 6,000 men

3 Blade I(O), 10 Spear I(O), 1 Psiloi I(O),
1 General
Earls Edwin and Morcar Bd I (0)

Approximately 9,000 men

5 Bladel(O), 12 Warband,Bd.I(F)
2 Bow I(0),2 Psiloi I(O),
1 General - Harald and
Tostig Bd I (0)

FIGURE SCALE: Close = 600 men; Loose = 400 men; Open = 200 men.
DEPLOYMENT; The Anglo Danish deploy first. Count the River Ouse as impassible,
the water filled ditch and marsh as rough terrain. Vikings move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Anglo Danish must destroy 7 elements and the
Vikings 4 elements.

psiloi

DI"

ANGLO-SAXONS
sh<?ildwoll
II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

( ,,
I

I II I

I ! I I I I \marsh
~

"'-----k
22 inches ---------?t
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME; The Anglo-Danish held their line against the initial
Viking attacks, but the Vikings broke through along the Ouse and the English forces
fled into the marsh where they were slaughtered.

STANFORD BRIDGE
CONQUEST OF BRITAJN
The Battle of Gate Fulford left York defenceless and it surrendered shortly after the
battle. Harold having heard of the defeat, quickly marched North, gathering troops on
the way. He arrived at Stanford Bridge on the 25th September 1066. Tostig and
Harald Hadraade's forces had camped at the crossing point of the river Derwent, and
some speculation still surrounds whether or not the army had its armour with it.
Certainly, it was not expecting Harold's army to attack.

ARMIES
ANGLO DANISH
Approximately 8, OOO men
3 Blade I (0), 10 Spear I (0), 1 Psiloi I (0),
General+ 1 Harold Godwinson Bd I (0)

VIKJNG
Approximately 9,000 men
Force I
7 Warbands Bd I (F), 1 Psiloi I(O)
Force 2
4Blade I (0),2Warbands,Bd I (0),
2 Bow I (0). 1 General Bd I (0)
(Tostig and Hadraade).

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 600 men; Loose= 400 men; Open= 200 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Vikings deploy first. +2 to dice for river. The bridge will only
allow one element to cross per turn. The Anglo-Danish move first.
VICTORY CONDIDONS:The Anglo- Danish must destroy 5 elements, the Vikings
4 elements.

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Viking force I was trapped against the river and
destroyed. Hadraade stayed behind the bridge and allowed Harold to cross it with the
intent of defeating the Anglo-Danish when they had the river to their backs. The
Vikings were slaughtered in the :final fight and Harald Hadraade and Tostig both died
in the fighting.

Page - 7

. HASTINGS 1066 AD
CONQUEST OF BRITAIN
William Duke of Normandy had been preparing for his invasion of England since the
death of Edward the Confessor and on 27th September he set sail to claim the English
crown. King Harold learned of the invasion shortly after he had defeated the Vikings
at Stanford Bridge and had to force march back down to the South from York to face
this new threat. William, having landed, waited for the English to surrender, but when
this failed to happen, marched on London. At Caldbec Hill, Harold drew up his army
blocking the road to London.
ARMIES
ANGLO DANISH
Approximately 10,000 men
6 Blade I (0), 14 Spear I (1),
1 General, Harold. Bd I (0)

NORMAN
Approx 3,000 Cav, 6,000 Foot
6 Knights l(F), 2 Cav (Lh 1(0))
9 Spear 1(1), 8 Bowl(I).
1 General +1 William Kn I (F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 600 men; Loose = 400 men; Open = 200 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Harold deploys first. and the Normans move first. Marsh, shaded
areas and streams count as bad going.
VICTORY CONDffiONS: The Normans must destroy 6 elements and the Anglo
Danish 8 elements .

..,______ Z2 inches ---------~-

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Normans could not outflank the English who held
a strong defensive position. The battle was reduced to a battle of attrition with
Harold's shieldwall, unable to attack, being slowly worn down by the repeated Norman
charges. In the end, the right flank fragmented and Harold was killed.

n ..........

"

MANZIKERT 1071 AD
SELJUK INVASION OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
The Seljuk Turks had been pushing into the Byzantine Empire since 1067 AD and were
now heading for the Byzantine heartlands. Emperor Romanus IV was preparing a
huge but poorly trained army and intended capturing Armenia, so cutting off the Turks
from their homelands. Garrisons and guard units were detached from both armies
during these manoeuvres which made both armies smaller. When they finally met, the
Byzantine army was stronger than the Turkish one.
ARMIES
KONSTANTINIAN BYZANTINE
Approximately 56,000 men
5 Knights R (I), 17 Cav R(O), 17 Lh R(O)
5 Spear R(S), 5 BladeR(X), 5 Auxilia(~Ps.(S))
11 Psiloi R (0),
I(O)
1 General (Romanus) Cav R(S).

SELJUK TURK
Approximately 39,500 men
23 Cav R(O), 28 UCavI(S),
5 Psiloi I( 0 ),
2General +l(Alp Arslan) Cav

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 1500; Loose= 1000; Open= 500

DEPLOYMENT: The Seljuk deploy first and move first. Byzantine camp is empty
and equals 5 elements if captured.
VICTORY CONDITIONS:The Seljuk Turks must destroy 21 elements and
Byzantines must destroy 18 elements.

si:Uua

JURK

. I

psiloi

cav.

34
inche

Byzantine camp

'------L-.1-~

i t < - - - - - - - - - 64

inches-----

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Romanus led his army against the Turks who withdrew
before it. The battle starts when Romanus, fearing that he was being drawn away from
his camp, attempted to withdraw in the face of an illusive enemy. Confusion broke out
amongst his army, and at that moment, the Turks attacked, turning a retreat into a rout.

Page- 9

DURRAZZO 1081 AD
NORMAN INCURSIONS ON THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Alexius Comnena's Byzantium was at odds with the Holy Roman Empire at this time,
and so found itself facing an invasion ofNormans and Lombards under Robert
Guiscard. The Normans marched out ofDyrfachium to face the numerically stronger
Byzantine army and to ensure that they fought, their commander destroyed the bridge
behind them, effectively cutting off a large part of Alexius' army, which was on a flank
march in order to hit the Normans in the rear.
ARMIES
ALEXltJS COMNENA BYZANTINE
SICILIAN NORMAN
Approximately 36, 750 men
Approximately 18,500 men
Main Force: 15 Cav R(I), 14 Lh I(F),
6 Knightsl(F) ,4 Cav I(O), 2 Lh (Cavl(O))
10 Blade(Bw R(O)), 5 Spear R(I),
16 Spear R(I), 4 Psiloi (R bw (I))
10 Psiloi I (0),5Auxilia1(0),
1 General I Kn (F)
1 General(Alexius Comnena) Cav.R(O)
(Robert Guiscard)

ForceB
7 Cav R(), 7 Lh I(F), 4 Blade (Bw R(I)),
2 Spear R(I),2 Auxilia I(0),4 Psiloi I(O).
Sub-Gen Cav. R(O)
FIGURE /SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose = 500 men ; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT; The Normans deploy first and
Byzantines move first. +2 to dice
for river. Count the town as a camp for defenders. Dice for Byzantine Force B to
come on. A 6 is needed. Force B counts as casualties until it arrives on the board.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Normans must destroy 29 elements and the
Byzantines must destroy 10 elements.

the

Byzantine force B

river

I.~

kni9hts
~.......

mm

._

'"...

estrayed bricge

cav l.cov.

[;iii2J

CIIIlID

spear

NORMANS

spear

BYZANTINE
l.cav

[ZJ

cav.

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Byzantine flank force failed to arrive and the main
force attacked the Normans in a piecemeal fashion, with the right flank getting ahead of
the main body and being cut to pieces. The rest of the Byzantine army melted away
and Alexius only just escaped.

Page - 10

ZALLACA 1086 AD
CHRISTIAN v MUSLIM WARS IN SPAIN
The Spanish Christian force tried to surprise the Muslim Murabit camp in a dawn
attack on a Muslim holy day.
ARMIES
AND ULUS IAN
Approximately 25,000 men
14 Cav R(O), 14 Lh I(O),
14 Spear I(I), 14 Psiloi I(O).
2 Generals Cv R(O).

FEUDAL SPA.tYIBH

Approximately 30,000 men

1OKnightsl(F), 10 CavI( 0),1 OLh I( 0 ),
16_ Spearl(I),5 xBowI(I), 10 Psiloi I(O)
2 Generals Kn I(F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Spanish deploy and move first. -2 when diciiig for river.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Spanish must destroy 18 elements and the
Andulusians 20 elements. Count the Muslim camp as 2 elements and the Spanish camp
as 4 elements.

-o

SPANISH

low

hill

~
CCV.

HISTORICAL OUTCOME; The Spanish forces were spotted by the Muslims who
were on the hills and a battle developed as the main Christian force attacked the
Muslim camp; TI1is attack bogged down and the Muslims managed to send troops
towards the Spanish camp. This started a retreat by the Spanish towards their own
camp. This retreat became a rout.

ANTIOCH 1098 AD
THE CRUSADES
Having taken Antioch in the first Crusade, the Crusaders soon found themselves
besieged by a large Muslim force under Kerboga. The Crusaders under Bohemund
were in a desperate situation and so, assembling in small groups in Antioch, sallied out
to drive off the Muslims.
ARMIES
CRUSADERS (EARLY)
1,250 Knights
8,400 Infantry
2 KnightsI(F),4 Longbow!(!), 2 Aux:iliaI(O).
7 Spear!(!), 2 Psiloi I(O),
1 General. Kn I(F)

SELJUK TURK
11,000 Cavalry,
5,300 Infantry
8 Cav I(S), 30 Lhl(S),
1 Spear(Bw.I(I), 10 Aux:ilia I(O),
1 General.Cv.I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close = 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men
DEPLOYMENT: The Turks deploy first and the Crusaders move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Crusaders must destroy 16 elements and the Turks 5
elements. The Turkish camp is equal to 5 elements if captured.

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Crusaders having sallied out, drove straight at the
Muslim camp. The Turks, unable to get at the Crusaders flanks, soon fell back. 111e
Turks would not close with the Crusaders, but in a final charge, the Turks were
completely smashed.

Page - 12

TINCHEBRAI 1106 AD
ENGLISH CONQUEST OF NORMANDY
Henry I's 1106campaign in Normandy began with the sii;ige ofTinchebrai. Duke
Robert ofNormandy attempted to raise the siege with a small but experienced army.
ARMIES
ANGLO NORMAN
2,400 cavalry,
5,000 infantry approx.,
6 Knightsl(F), 4 Blade(Sp I(S)),3xBowI(I)
2 Auxilia(Bw I(I)), 6 Spear!(!), 5 Psiloil(O)
1 General. Kn I(F)

FEUDAL FRENCH
700 knights,
5,000 infantry approx.
2 Knightsl(F), 6 Spear!(!),
6 xBowPs I(O), 4 Aux(Bd I(I),
1 General. Kn I (F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 350 men; Loose= 250 men; Open= 125 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Anglo Normans deploy and move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Anglo Normans must destroy 6 elements and the
French 8 elements.

~ knights~
[;ii c:::::::J

T
I

inc~

knights

p!';ibi

~ft

11 11

B'BS

1 1 11

II Ii Ii It I
xbcyy/
speor/ouxilio
oux'R<N GLO-NORMANS
I

,f

~ knights

c:::::::l ~
xb~/

knights

ouxiha

NORMANS

l!'!:::J xbow1auxd10

kn;ghts

lll!l!l!lll
spear

x60w/aux1lia

t:::J

knights

~~---------------------------------------~
--..,..-----26 inches----------

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The battle started with the French knights in the left
flank charging into the English knights and breaking them, only to be stopped by the
English second line. At this, the Breton light troops hidden in the woods charged the
French flank. Duke Robert and many of his men made their escape as the French army
fell apart. The whole fight lasted no more than an hour, but it gave the English
p9ssession ofNormandy.

Page - 13

CARDIGAN 1136 AD
THE WELSH ENGLISH WARS
lst January 1136 saw a Welsh \ictory against the Earl ofWanvick which started a

general uprising in South Wales. This uprising spread throughout Wales and when
Richard FitzGilbert was killed in an ambush, the Welsh uprising became a major danger
to King Stephen's }lold on Wales. The Constable of Cardigan Castle summoned the
knights from the estuary of Neath and Dufi and was joined by Robert FitzMartin,
William FitzOdod and the sons of Gerald to face a raiding Welsh army lead by Owain
and Cadwalader.
ARMIES
ANGLO NORMAN
Approximately 10,000 men
10 Knightsl(F) 2 xBowI(I),

WELSH

Approximately 10,000 men

4 Cav I(O), 22 Longbow I(O),
11 Auxilial(X), 7 Psiloi I( 0 ),
1 General.Cav I(O)

6 Spear!(!), 6 Psiloil(O),
1 General. Kn I(F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 375 men; Loose= 250 men; Open= 125 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Welsh deploy first and the Normans move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Normans must destroy 14 elements and the Welsh 8

elements.

30

l!!!!!~=::J knights
I
psifoi

:wear

I ii I
xbow

11 I If I I I
xboN

ENGLISH

I
psiloi

r:=====:::::;;::;:;::;:;::;;;::::;,~~~l~F/:;;::=======================~,~
Card' an.
71: inches

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Normans started the battle with a massed charge
by the knights, only to be shot to pieces by the Welsh longbows. This attack was
repeated but met with the same fate and, as the knights fell back, the Welsh charged
down the hill. 111e English line broke and fled back towards Cardigan. The bridge over
the Teifi collapsed, turning the rout into a bloodbath.

STANDARD 1138 AD
SCOTIISH ENGLISH WARS
Matilda, Herny I's daughter, whose claim to the English throne had been set aside in
favour of Stephen's, was supported by David, King of Scotland. He hoped to unseat
Stephen, or at least regain land forfeited in William's reign. The Scots army was
unfortunately less honourable in intent than their king. They ravaged and sacked
everything in their path and provoked the English into the declaration of a Holy War
against them. An army was rapidly formed under Thurstan, Archbishop of York and
Lieutenant of the North.

ARMIES
ANGLO NOR.MAN
Approximately 15,000 men

SCOTS COMMON AR.MY

Approximately 15,000 men

1 Knightl(F), 2 Blade(Sp I(S), 12 Spear I(I)

7 Amcilia Bw.I(I), 17 Psiloi I(O),
1 General. Kn I(F)

2 KnightsI(F), 4 Warbands I(F),

6 BladeI(O), 14 Amcilia Hd I(S),
3 Psiloi I(O),
1 General.Kn I(F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 700 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first and the Scots move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Scots must destroy 13 elements and the Anglo
Normans 13 elements.

auxilia

kn; ts/auxilia

c:=::J

psiloi

r=l

warband/auxi lia
SCOTS & REBELS

=,

wo9blade

26

inches

_1 1_~_f_!r_,{_,R_P_1_1_
1

ENGLISH

'--

s~ear/blade

1 _,_.!psi 1oi

knight

l!--------38

inches-------~

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Scottish deployment was dictated by the

Galwegians demand to charge first. Historically the English shot them to pieces with
missile fire. Unfortunately tWs won't work under the rules, so I downgraded the
archers to psiloi and let the Scots charge the English spear and blade. The effect will
be roughly the same. The impetuous Scottish centre was chopped to bits by the
English but, instead of fleeing, the Scots just kept attacking until they were wiped out.
I've adjusted the victory conditions to simulate tWs.

DUBLIN 1171 AD
NORMAN CONQUEST OF IRELAND
The Normans first went to Ireland in 1169 in support ofMacMurrogh, who was trying
to reclaim his lands, but by 1170, the Normans under Richard FitzGilbert had set about
conquering Ireland. They had driven the Norse Irish from Dublin in 1170, but the next
year the Vikings were back with Norsemen from Scotland and the Isle of Man. The
Normans, preferring to fight in the open, left the defences of Dublin and advanced to
meet the Norman army.
ARMIES
ANGLO NORMAN & IRISH ALLIES
VIKING & NORSE IRISH ALLIES
Normans approx 2,500 men
Vikings approx 3,000 men
1 KnightR(0),3 Cav(Kn I(O), 2xBow I(I),
3 Bladel(F) 10 WarbandsI(F),
3 Spear I(I), 3 Psiloi I(O). General Kn I(O)
1 Psiloi I(S). General Bd I(O)
Irish allies approx 3,600
Irish allies approx 2,500
8 Auxilial(O), 9 PsiloiI(S),
12 Auxilial(0)12 Psiloi I(S),
1 Gen eral.Aux I( 0)
1 General.Aux I(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men ;Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Vikings deploy first and the Normans move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Vikings must destroy 9 elements and the Normans
12 elements.

NORSE TnISH

HISTORICAL OUTCOME:the Vikings were lead by "John the Wode or Mad". The
inJtial Viking charge drove the Norman line back towards Dublin. Then Richard de
Cogan charged his cavalry round the Vikings flank and hit them in the rear. The
Vikings turned to face the charge, but were trapped and wiped out. Rory O'Connor,
and the High King's army was nearby at this time and later tried to besiege the
No1mans, but were defeated, leaving Ireland firmly in Norman hands.

KURIKARA 1183 AD
GEMPEIWAR
Kurikara was the turning point in the great civil war known as the Gempei War of
1180 to 1185 AD. The war was between two major clans, the Taira and the M:inamoto,
for the control of the person of the Emperor. By 1183 the Taira had gathered a
massive army with the intent of marching into the heart ofM:inamoto territory. At the
Kurikara pass Yoshinaka, the M:inamoto commander, intended to ambush them.
ARMIES
TAITA EARLY SAMURAI
Approximately 40,500 men
9 Cavl(O), 9 Bladel(F),
18 Auxilial(X),
1 General Cv I(O)

MINAMOTO EARLY SAMURAI

Approximately 32,000 men
5 Cavl(O), 8 Bladel(F), 15 Aux.I(X)
1 Scythed Chariot, Exp I(O)
(stampeding cattle)
3 Generals Cav.I(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 1,500 men; Loose 1,000 men.

DEPLOYMENT: Taira deploys first and Yoshinaka moves first. The Group marked
"A" are Yoshlnaka's troops and should be about a quarter of the force. These enter the
battle on a die role of 5 or 6. They do not count as casualties or affect the victory
conditions if they do not arrive.
VICTORY CONDffiONS: Taira must destroy 9 elements and Yoshinaka 12
elements. Do not count the scythed chariot towards victory conditions.

:{)

.~
R

_l,....______
~-----,----61+ inch<?s

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: Yoshinaka had to hold the advancing Taira army whilst
his rear attack manoeuvred into position, so he fought a stylised battle of individual
samurai combats throughout the day. Then, as night fell, he charged his entire army at
the Taira, and drove them into the ravine marked rough terrain.

Page - 17

ARSUF 1191 AD
THE THIRD CRUSADE.
On the 4th July 1187, the Franks were crushed at the battle ofHattin which lead to the
collapse of the Frankish hold on the Holy Land. Conrad, holding out in Tyre, appealed
for help, which started the third crusade. The siege of Tyre was lifted and Richard I
attempted to march on Jerusalem
ARMIES
CRUSADERS
Approximately 15,300 men
6 Knightsl(F).1 Cav(Lhl(O)),
9 Spearl(I),
6 xBowI(0)~12 Psiloil(O), 1 Wagon.
1 General +1. Kn I(F)

SELJlJQ TURK
Approximately 13,800 men
8 CavR(O), 19 Lh I(O),
2 Spear(Aux I(O),
13 Psiloi I(S),
1 General. Cv R(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Crusaders deploy first and the Turks move first. Count the
wagon as a camp and allow it as 4 elements for victory conditions.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: Turks must destroy 11 elements and the Crusaders 10
elements.

ill

I;;;:::=--1 4
IA:ov. ca1.

:::::=- I
Vcov.

35

incrc<;

k
IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The Muslim tactic was to attack the enemy with n:llssile
fire from a massed body of skirmishers until he was so wounded and disorganised that
a final charge would meet with little opposition. Richard's army was well disciplined
and well armoured, so when the Muslims finally closed with the Crusaders they were
smashed by the crusader's counter attack.

BOUVINES 1214 AD
ANGLO IMPERIAL INVASION ON FRANCE
King John of England, supported by the Holy Roman Empire and disaffected French
vassals, invaded France with the intent ofreclaiming lost lands from King Philip
Augustus. The invasion was in the form of a two pronged attack with the English
attacking in the south and the Imperialist army under Otto IV attempting to capture
Paris. Philip left a small force to shadow the English and turned towards the
Imperialists.
ARMIES
EARLY IMPERIALIST
Approximately 6,000 Cav,
18,000 Foot.
8 KnightI(O) 4 Cav(Kn.R(I),4 Blade R(O),
10 PikeR(I), 6 SpearI(I),
4 xBow I(I), 4 Psiloil(O)
3 Generals Kn R(S).

FEUDAL FRENCH
Approximately 7,000 Cav
15,000 Foot.
10 KnightsI(S), 5 Cav I(O),
10 xBow R(O), 10 SpearR(I),
4 Auxilial(X),
3 Generals.Kn I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The French deploy and move first .
VICTORY CONDITIONS: French must destroy 13 elements and Imperialists 13
elements.

I
_.

-'Y~ng,
~k~.9~
k1'l9hts<nl ~ . ~ -=::::;.Jknigi

UP.10

DIIID

'I'
lLl.llllJ1
auxr 10,s~ ~ ~,spaor.

xbow

xbow

xboN

FRENCH
JM PERT ALTSfS
~ spear.xb:lw.psik>i

~r;txmHllllllH ~
~

kn~hts/cov

m!!!::l
knights

81111118

E::l .

kni.;1htA:cw.

44 inches

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Tue French started the attack with a cavalry charge
from their right flank. This was repulsed and soon the French right was engaged in
hand to hand combat. The Imperialists attacked in the centre and defeated the French
infantry, only to be cut up by the French knights. On the left, the French broke througJi
the enemy, capturing its leaders. The Imperialist army continued to fight but with its
tight flank gone, it was soon ovexwhelmed.

RIVER INDUS 1221 AD

MONGOL EXPANSION
The Mongols initial contact with the Khwarizmian Empire was a bad one, which
quickly led to the Mongols invading. After the Mongols had proved that hiding in the
cities was no answer to their attacks, most of the Khwarizmian Empire fell to the
Mongols. Only Jelal continued to resist and the Mongols under the Khan turned to
crush them once and for all.
ARMIES

K.HW ARIZMIAN

MONGOL
Approximately 530,000 men
38 CavR(O), 57 Lh I(S),
10 Spear, 10 Psilo~(20 I Hd(O))
4 Generals. Cv R(S)

Approximately 60,000 men

35 CavR(S), 53 Lh I(F),9 BowR(O),
9 Spear (Aux I(X),)
3 Generals. Cv R(S)

FIGURE SCALE; Close= 1,500 men; Loose= 750 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT; Khwarizmian deploy and move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: Khwarizmian must destroy 38 elements and the Mongols
3 5 elements. Count the Khwarizmian camp as 5 elements.

. MONGOLS

ps;1o;1

em

s~r~cav.

l.cav.

l.cav.

l.cav.

t.cav. cov.

tc:=:=::: F

's:::

l.cav.

I ;;::;-:1
I

;;;;z-- I

cm:;mt::l
bov.r1speor

KHWAR!ZM!AN

~------_..;,.

camp
_ _ _ _ _ 106 inches-----------~

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Khwarizmian opened the battle with their right
flank attacking the Mongols and driving them back. Jelal then attacked in the centre,
which also drove the Mongols back. The Khan launched his reserve in the centre at the
victorious Khwarizmian right \.Ving and broke it. At this time the Mongol right wing
outflanked the enemy, breaking their left wing and sweeping into their camp. Jelal's
army was trapped against the Indus and destroyed.

Page 20

LEWES 1264 AD
SThION DE MONTFORT
Hemy ill raised Simon de Montfort to a position of power, but his patronage waned.
Simon turned to the barons for support. De Montfort soon became a bitter opponent
of the King and when Hemy tried to remove the baronial controls laid down in the
Magna Carta and the "Provisions of Oxford", the country was thrown into civil war.
Simon de Montfort led the Barons who were intent on forcing the King to accept
baronial control.
ARMIES
SIMON de MONTFORT
Approximately 8,000 men
12 Knights I(), 6 Spear I(O),
3 xBowR(O), 9 Longbow,I(O),
3 Auxilia I(X),
3 Generals.Kn I(O)

HENRY ill FEUDAL ENGLISH

Approximately 9, OOO men
12 KnightsI(O), 6 SpearI(I),
3 xBowR(O), 12 LongbowI(O),
6 AuxiliaI(X),
3 Generals (2 @-1) Kn.I(O).

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 400 men; Loose = 200 men.

DEPLOYMENT: De Montfort deploys first. De Segrave should have no lmights and
half the knights should be in reserve. Hemy ill moves first. Divide his army equally.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: Hemy must.destroy 11 elements, de Montfort 13
elements.

T
32

!nche_

c-

--,
de clare

de monttord

de segrave

1.---~-- - C~OR~N~W~@.~L ~ ~ -=1- ~- - - - -H~E~N~R-_Y_I_I_I_-:_-_-__:~~P~R-I-N~C~E~E~D~W~'A~R~D~:. ._.,_ _ ,

....

K--------------

80 Inches

------------4

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Prince Edward opened the battle by charging into de

Segrave's Battle and driving it into the woods. During this time de Montfort and de
Clare attacked Hemy and Cornwall and forced both leaders to retire from the field.
By the time Edward returned from slaughtering de Segrave's troops, Henry's army had
been crushed agah1st the river Ouse.

P11~e

- 21

EVESHAM 1265 AD
SIMON de MONTFORT
The year after Henry's defeat at Lewes much of de Montfort's support slipped away.
The country was still in a state of chaos as many parts still supported the King, even
though de Montfort ruled the country. De Montfort now set out to put down
rebellions in Hereford and Pembroke. During this time Prince Edward escaped and
soon had an army to support him. Edward, having destroyed the crossing places on
the Severn, trapped de Montfort in Wales and then attacked him at Evesham, which
lies in a loop of the Avon.
ARMIES
SIMON de MONTFORT
FEUDAL ENGLISH
PRINCE EDWARD
Approx 1,000 Mounted
Approx 350 Mounted
7,000 Foot.
5,000 Foot.
2 Knights I(O), 5 Spear I(I),
5 Knights I(O), 8 Spear I(I),
5 xBowR(O), 10 Welsh LongbowI(O),
3 xBowR(O); 12 LongbowI(O),
4 AuxiliaI(X),
3 Auxilia I(X),
3 Generals. Kn I(O)
1 General Simon de Montfort. Kn I(O)
FIGURE SCALE: Close = 400 men; Loose = 200 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Prince Edwarq deploys first and de Montfort moves first. Divide
Edward's army into equal thirds with Edward's being larger by any odd numbers.
VICTORY CONDmONS: Edward must destroy 8 elements and de Montfort 10
elements.
SPECIAL RULE: De Montfort's Welsh Longbow started to desert as the battle
opened. Each move dice ld6 per Longbow element. A 6 =element deserts. Remove it
but do not count them for victory conditions.

,,~i..

EV~~
\

~~\

--~

,. klf----ss l n c h C ! s - - - - - - - -

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: De Montfort allowed Edward to get so close because

he was waiting for a reinforcing army to join him. ( Edward had destroyed this army at
Kenilworth.) By the time de Montfort realised that it was Edward approaching, the
trap bad closed. He attacked Edward's Battle in the hope of killing the Prince, but he
knew that all was lost. (He is quoted as saying "Now God have mercy on our souls, for
our bodies are theirs".) He died with his army.

BENEVENTO 1266 AD
THE SICILIAN CROWN
The Hohenstaufen line of Sicilian rulers came to power in 1194, after deposing the
Norman ruler. For the next 60 years the Hohenstaufen rulers gained power in
Southern Italy, but were so hated by the Popes that a Holy War was declared against
them. Initially the Papacy had supremacy over the Hohenstaufens but this was lost at
Foggia and Manfred Hohenstaufen became the King of Sicily. Manfred had a rival for
the throne, Conradin. In support of Conradin, the Pope and the King of France enter
negotiations, but finally agreed to place Charles of Anjou on the Sicilian throne, and
Conradin was forgotten.

ARMIES
FEUDAL FRENCH

HOHENSTAUFENSICILIAN
Approximately 3,250 Cav,
15,000 foot.
6 Knightsl(F), 1 Lh R(F),
5 SpearR(I), 5 xBowR(O),
10 AuxiliaR(S), 15 PsiloiR(O),
1 Genera~ Manfred Hohenstaufen. Kn I(F)

Approximately 3,500 Cav,

9,500 Foot.
6 Knights R(O), 1 Cav I(O),
6 Spear!(!), 10 xBow I(O),
I "General+ 1, Charles
Count of Anjou. Kn I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Charles deploys first and Manfred moves first. He should be placed
in the middle body of knights on the road to Benevento.
VICTORY CONDffiONS: Charles must destroy 14 elements and Manfred 7
elements.

52

1
inches

~\IJ

~~

~------ 72 inches -------~-;ll

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Manfred's infantry attacked first up the hill and initially
pushed back the French. A charge by French knights then smashed the lightly armed
infantry. Manfred's knights were still deploying from Benevento when the battle
started and by the time they attacked, little remained of the Hohenstaufen army.
Manfred's final charge succeeded in ending the Hohenstaufen line.

Page- 23

STIRLING BRIDGE 1297 AD

ANGLO SCOTTISH WARS
Edward I had appointed three high handed barons to oppress Scotland for him, and, as
a result, Scotland was soon in rebellion against English rule. William Wallace had
come forth to lead the Scots and was besieging Dundee when he learned of a large
English force under Warenne advancing on Stirling. Stirling was strategically important
and had to be defended so Wallace quickly occupied it. The English force
outnumbered him 2: 1 so he decided to ambush them as they crossed the only bridge
into Stirling.

ARM JES
SCOTS COMMON ARMY

FEUDAL ENGLISH
Warenne. Approx 19,600.
28 KnightsI(O), 14 Spear I(I),
28 Longbow I(O), 7 xBow R(O),
7 Auxilia I(X),
1 General Kn R(S)

Wallace. Approx 10,000 men

2 KnightsI(I), 20 Pike I(I),
7 WarbandsI(F), 2 Pslloil(O),
2 Generals I(F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close 400 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Deploy the English only in 3 equal Battles. The Scots are not put
on board, but the force is divided into three groups as shown. The River Forth is
impassible except at the ford, which must be diced for as a river. The Scots may place
any or all of their three Battles on the board at any time they choose. The bridge has 3 .
defense points. Each time a knight crosses the bridge dice ld6. A 6 loses the bridge a
defense point. At 0 defense points it collapses.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The English must destroy 10 elements and the Scots 26
elements

I
l~~___:H
43

inches

==:::::tt::=::::.____J

r----- ---

70 inches

-----------t

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Wallace's army stood concealed on the reverse slope

and so Warenne sent his first battle across the bridge. Once across they found
themselves fighting for their lives. Wallace seeing the English were not using the ford,
sent his own troops across to harass the English flank. Warenne realising his first
Battle was going to be annihilated, charged his knights across the bridge, which
collapsed. The battle was over and the English fled as best they could.

FALKIRK 1298 AD
ANGLO SCOTTISH WARS
The year after Stirling Bridge found the Scots on the defensive, as King Edward I
invaded Scotland. Wallace fell back to Toiwood forest and enlarged his army.
Edward finally came upon the Scots positioned in a hill two miles from Falkirk. The
base of the hill was protected by a treacherous bog.
ARMIES
EDWARD I FEUDAL ENGLISH
Approximately 2,500 Horse
16,000 Foot.
5 Knightsl(O), 3 xBowR(O),
8 Longbowl(O), 4Spear1(1),
2 Amcilia I(X),
1 General Kn R(S)

SCOTS COMMON ARMY

200 Horse, 10,000 Foot,
1 UCav, (or Knight) Knl(I)
12 Pikel(I), 4 Psiloil(O),
I General. Kn I(F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men: Loose= 500 men; Open 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Scots deploy first and the English mcwe 'first. Split the English
infantry into three roughly equal Battles.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: English must destroy 5 elements and the Scots must
destroy 7 elements.

IZJLcav

SCOTS
p~

pike

111111111111111

infantry

,___

intontry
76 inches

infantry
~

HISTORICAL .OUTCOME: the English initially attacked across the bog but quickly
found the swamp impassible and so the two flanks moved around the swamp to attack
the Scots' flanks. The English quickly defeated the light troops and cavalry but the
destruction of the pike took longer. In the end English archers were needed to shoot
the pike blocks to pieces before they could be broken.

COURTRAI 1302 AD
FLEMISH REVOLT AGAINST FRANCE
In May 1302 the Flemings arose in revolt against King Philip ofFrance, who had
imprisoned their Count and annexed his lands. Courtrai was one of the few towns the
Flemish had retained when Count Robert of Artois invaded. When the French army
anived, the garrison, commanded by William of Juliers, used the river Groeninghebeke
as a water obstacle rather than face the French in the siege of the town. Courtrai could
have no outside help and a siege could only lead to defeat.
ARMIES
FEUDAL FRENCH
Approximately 15,000 men

LOW COUNTRIES
Approximately 12,000 men
2 KnightsI(O), 11 Pike R(I),
2 BladeR(X), 2 xBowR(O),
1 Psiloi R(O),
1 General. Kn R(I)

14 KnightsI(S), 2 Cav I(O),

2 xBowI(O), 2 SpearR(I),
1 Amcilia I(X),
1 General Kn I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose = 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The French deploy and move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The French must destroy 6 elements andthe Flemish 7
elements. Count Courtrai as a camp equal to 2 victory points if captured.

courtai

FLEMISH

r:a

pike

11111111111

I xbow, psiloi
-m~sh -

....

.... .. marsh ..,,

""
"' ..,,,. -

... ...., .....

...__ _ _.-Ix bow.spear. ouxilio

l!!!!!!!~~===J knights/cav.
l!!!!!~~==J knights
33 irches

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: After an initial attack (no more than a missile exchange
in fact) by infantry across the stream, the Count of Artois ordered his cavalry to charge
the enemy foot head on through his own foot. Tiiis was doomed to failure against the
pike, but Artois just repeated the attack until he was killed. The French then retreated.

Page - 26

BANNOCKBURN 1314 AD
ANGLO SCOTTISH WARS
The Scottish King Robert the Bruce was determined to remove all English positions in
Scotland and continued to attack the English. In response Edward I raised a huge
army to confront and defeat him. The Scots were besieging Stirling Castle and so
Edward intended to catch them there. After initial reconnaissance skirmishes, the two
armies faced each other at Bannockburn on a marshy area known as the Kerse.
ARMIES
FEUDAL ENGLISH ARMY
Edward I with 20,000 foot
3,000 Horse.
6 KnightsI(O), 35 LongbowI(O),
5 Auxilia I(X),
I General. Kn R( S)

SCOTS COMMON ARMY

The Bruce with 14,000 foot
1,000 Horse.
1 KnightI(O) 2 Lh (Kn I(I)),
16 Pike I(I), 4 Psiloi I( 0 ),
I General. Kn I(F)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men ;Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT; The Scots deploy fust and the English move fust.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Scots must destroy 15 elements and the English 7
elements.
I. bow & ouxilia

18
inch s

~ight~ r;lENGLISHr;J

tzm uuillf!illm

l.cc;iv &
knights

pke

n m

,----,
'----'psiloi

~
- - - - - 3 0 inches ------~

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The English attempted to break the shiltrons with head
on charges by its knights, but this was not going to work. The English archers were
unable to get into the battle and attempted to outflank the Scots. They were stopped by
the Scottish cavalry and light troops. The Scots now outflanked the English and drove
them back. Soon the whole English army collapsed and fled.

DYSERT O'DEA 1318 AD

IRISH ENGLISH WARS
The Scottish wars against Edward II of England spilled over into Ireland when Edward
Bruce invaded Ireland to distract Edward II's forces from their main task. Initially the
Irish welcomed the Scots and even offered them theircrown. However, the Scots
intent was plunder an4 not conquest and they sacked both sides with equal ferocity.
The Scots intervention loosened the grip the English held on the Irish and opened the
way for an Irish rebellion.
ARMIES
FEUDAL ENGLISH
Approximately 4,500 men
5 KnightsI(O), 2 xBowR(O),
5 Longbow I(O), 2 Amcilia I(X),
7 Spear I(I),
1 General Richard de Clare Kn R(S)

MEDIEVAL ffiISH
Approximately 7,500 men
O'Dea 2 Lh.I(0),3 BladeI(O),
4 Auxl(O), 3 Psiloi I(I).
O'Hehlr 1 Cavl(O), 2 Lh I(O),
9 Amcilia I(O), 3 Psiloi I(O).
O'Brian 1 Cav I(O), 2 Lh I(O),
9 Auxilia I(O), 3 Psiloil(O).
3 Generals -1. Lh I(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200.men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Deploy O'Dea :first , then the English. The English move :first. Dice
each Irish turn ld6 per side (O'Brian and O'Hehlr) O'Brian needs 5 or 6, O'Hehlr 6 to
come on. -2 off the dice when dicing for ford-ability of all rivers and streams.
COMMAND: The English get ld6 +I; the Irish get ld6 per Genera~ but can only use
that score on its own troops.
VICTORY CONDmONS: The Irish must destroy 7 elements, the English must
destroy 4 elements. On the arrival of each Irish force +5 elements to the English
victory conditions.

...

arrrval of
O'Hehir

68 inches

--7j

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: Richard de Clare was on a punitive raid on the O'Deas,

who had been stealing his cattle, when he encountered the O'Dea force. After a
skirmish O'Dea fell back to the slight hill and de Clare pressed the attack. O'Brian,
however, was close by and quickly came to O'Dea's aid. The English had turned to
face this force, while still pressing the attack on O'Dea, when O'Hehir came into the
English rear in a classic 3 point ambush. Very few of the English escaped.

CRECY 1346 AD
THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR
Rivalry between Philip VI ofFrance and Edward III of England led Edward to throw
off his vassalage to Philip and claim the throne ofFrance by birthright. Philip seized
Edward's province of Guienne and Edward responded by a series of expeditions to
Flanders and Guienne. In 1346 Edward launched another expedition, but due to a bad
start, found himself trying to cross the Seine to F1anders. Philip, with a large army, now
opposed Edward, who turned to face him at Crecy.
ARMIES

100 YEARS WAR ENGLISH

Edward III with 6,500 foot
2,500 men at arms.
2 KnightsR(I), 4 BladeR(S),
28 LongbowR(S), 5 Auxilial(X),
3 Generals (2@ -1) Kn R(O)

MEDIEVAL FRENCH
Philip VI with approx
30,000 men.
50 Knights I(S), 10 xBowR(O),
20 Auxilia I(X),
1 General. Kn I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close = 500 men; Loose= 200 men.

DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first. The rough terrain represents potholes dug
to counter cavalry and should only count as rough for them. French deployment:
deploy the lst Battle; the 2nd Battle arrives on a ld6 = 4,5,6 diced each move; the 3rd
Battle arrives on a 5,6 diced only after the 2nd Battle arrives.
VICTORY CONDmONS: French must destroy 13 elements an:d the English 26
elements. All the French are considered on. the board whether they turn up or not.

2ND

11

.1

JRD

11<--------- 30 INCHES -------------,1

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The English prepared their positions and awaited the
French. The French vanguard came upon the English and instead of waiting till the
whole force was arranged, attacked. The Genoese crossbow men soon lost the
fuefight against the English and so the knights charged in, were disordered by the
potholes, attacked in an unco-ordinated manner and were soon destroyed. Philip
having seen his vanguard destroyed, made an attempt with his second battle but soon
withdrew.

Page - 29

POITIERS 1356 AD
THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR
In the summer of 1356 the Black Prince, eldest son of the English King, set out from
Bordeaux to carry fire and sword to the heart of France. He intended to link up with
Edward III. By September the Prince was trying to find a crossing place across the
river Loire. As he rested his troops, he learned that the King of France, with a large
army, had crossed the Loire at Blois and was bearing down on him. Initially he tried to
retreat, but his army was encumbered with booty and could not outrun the French, so
the Black Price turned to fight it out.
ARMIES

100 YEARS WAR ENGLISH

Approximately 6,000 men
3 KnightsR(I), 6 BladeR(S),
8 Longbow R(R), 4 Amcilia I(X),
3 Generals Kn R(O)

MEDIEVAL FRENCH
Approximately 20,500 men
2 KnightsI(S), 40 BladeI(S),
12 x:BowR(O), 8 AuxiliaI(X),
4 Generals (3 @-1) Kn I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 375 men; Loose= 250 men.

DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first and the French move first. Count the
hedge as bad going.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The French must destroy 7 elements and the English 20
elements.

BQ!QiKi
II

blade
fJiJC1-IN
1111111

,,-,-,
... . ,. ...,...,....,!blade
_ _a;,___,olade

l'!

36

inche

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Black Prince took up a good defensive position

and waited for the French to attack. King John II of France, remembering Crecy,
dismounted nearly all his knights. His first Battle of crossbow and javelin men, backed
up by some mounted knights, engaged the English at the hedge, but were defeated by
Salisbury outflanking them. 111e second French Battle, all of dismounted knights, led
by the Dauphin, charged in but failed to break the English. As they fell back, they
disordered the Battle behind them. At this the English attacked and drove the French
back into the plain. King John's Battle remained undamaged and soon the English were
struggling, but the English knights outflanked the French foot knights. King John was
captured, and the French fled.

Page - 30

ROOSEBERKE 1382 AD
FLEMISH FRENCH WARS
The maniage of Philip the Bold of Burgundy to Margaret, daughter of Louis de Male,
Count of Flanders, brought disastrous consequences to the almost independent cities of
Flanders, and in particular, Ghent. Ghent maintained such hostility towards Louis, that
Louis turned to France for help. The French offensive soon defeated Ypres and
Bruges and left only Ghent under Philip of Artevelde to resist him.
ARMIES
MEDIEVAL FRENCH
Approximately 13,500 men
12 Knightsl(S), 2 Bladel(S), 4 xBow R(O),
8 Auxilia I(X),
3 Generals ( 2 @-1) Kn I(S)

LOW COUNTRIES
Approximately 40,000 men
3 Knightsl(O), 36 Pike R(O),
10 BladeR(X), 5 Bow R(O),
6 Psiloi R( 0 ),
I General Kn R(I)

FIGURE SCALE: Close 750 men; Loose= 500 men: Open= 250 men
DEPLOYMENT: The Flemish deploy and move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Flemish must destroy 8 elements and the French 20
elements.
FLEMISH

--

kniahts

xbow/psiloi
pike/blade

v.~~~~~~~~>I
~

26inches

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: 111e Flemish left a good defensive position to attack the
French. Marching in a dense mass across the "Golden Mount", they drove in the
French centre but failed to protect their flanks and were hit in both flanks by the French
knights. Now the Flemish dense formation worked against them and, unable to
manoeuvre, they were slaughtered.

Page - 31

AJUBOUROTTA 1385 AD
THE WAR OF PORTUGUESE SUCCESSION
In 1383 Fernando I died leaving no lawful successor to the throne, which was then

claimed by King Juan of Castile. Most Portuguese did not want a Castillian ruler, so
when a bastard son ofFeinando claimed the throne, they appointed him as King Jolo I.
King Juan I immediately invaded.
ARMIES
PORTUGUESE
Approximately 5,000 foot
2,000 Horse.
4 Knightsl(O), 5 Spear I(I),
2 xBow I(O),
I General. Kn I(O)

SPANISH
Approximately 10,000 foot
20,000 Horse.
14 Knights I(O), 12 Lh I(O),
7 SpearI(I), 3 xBowI(I),
3 AuxiliaI(I), 3 Psiloi I(O),
I Baggage,
I General. Kn I(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose = 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Split the Spanish into three equal Battles with the General and
baggage in the last Battle. Deploy the Spanish first. The Portuguese move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Portuguese must destroy 14 elements and the
Spanish 4 elements. Count the Spanish baggage as 2 elements for victory conditions.

rear

aljuborroto

>t
HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Spanish army was in line of march when it
contacted the deployed Portuguese force. The Portuguese immediately attacked a
leaderless vanguard, and quickly routed them. The Portuguese then proceeded to
attack the centre Battle, which was still marching hard to catch the vanguard. The
centre Battle was promptly routed and the battle ended in Ajubourotta with the
Portuguese capturing the Spanish baggage left in the rout.

SHREWSBURY 1403 AD
THE HOTSPUR REBELLION
The battle ofHomildon Hill gave the English lords a great number of very prized
Scottish nobles for ransom. When King Henry claimed them all for himself: it was not
well received. Particularly upset was Earl Percy, whose son Harry "Hotspur" had been
in the forefront of the :fighting and taken a lot of captives. From this discontent, plots
.were hatched to dispose of Henry and place Mortimer on the throne. This would also
please the Scots and the Welsh. Hotspur formed his army on Haughmond Hill and
awaited the arrival of Glendower, his friend and Henry, his enemy.
ARMIES
HENRY IV ENGLISH
Approximately 14,000 men
15 KnightsR(I), 27 LongbowR(O),
LongbowR(O),
-v
4 Amdlia I(X),
2 Generals Kn R(O)

HARRY PERCY ENGLISH

Approximately 11,000 men
10 BladeR(O), 18

3 Amdlia I(X),
1 General. Kn R( 0)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 450 men; Loose= 300 men.

DEPLOYMENT: Hotspur deploys first and Henry moves first. Count rough terrain as
bad going.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: Henry must destroy 10 elements and Hotspur 15
elements.

r-

-~"1 ~1;1;1H0;1;1r='~ g~gu~;1;1;1;1;1; ;~r_u. ,B~

LONGBOW

Lf~~\~C~~=7=7~~/77/";"/7/./7,;:v;:~~----,

Jl,
INCH

_l..___.!:iEt:!.B:rJI

~------- SO INCHES

--------.,i

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Hotspur had picked his spot well. His front was uphill,
behind standing crops of beans. At the foot of the hill were small ponds to break up
the enemy formation. Henry's first Battle, mostly archers, lost out in the missile
exchange and to follow them up the hill would be death. Henry sent his two other
Battles to flank Hotspur's position on both sides. Pinned by the enemy in front,
Hotspur's troops could uot manoeuvre. Hotspur was killed cowiter-attacking and his
army fled.

Page - 33

GRUNWALD 1410 AD
FALL OF THE TEUTONIC ORDER
Poland and Lithuania were the Teutonic Order's constant rivals and this flared into war
when the Samogitia rebelled against the Order, with the support of Lithuania and
Poland. Although this conflict fizzled out, it set the stage for a major conflict between
the two groups. At a council of war at Brzesc Litewski, the Polish/Lithuanian coalition
decided on an invasion of Prussia with the ultimate objective of capturing Marienburg,
the heart of the Teutonic Order.
ARMIES
TEUTONIC ORDER
Approximately 21,000 Cav
6,000 foot
30 KnightsR(S), 12 Cav R(I),
3 xBow R(O), 2 SpearR(O),
6 Amcilia (Hd I( 0)),
2 GeneTals Kn R(S)

LITHUANIAN
29,000 cavalry
10,000 foot
27 Knights I(S), 26 Cav I(S),
10 Lh I(O), 7 Spear I(I),
7 Bow I(I), 5 Psiloi I(O),
3 Generals. Cav, I(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men: Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Teutons deploy first and the Lithuanians move first.
VICTORY CONDIDONS: The Teutons must destroy 27 elements and the
Lithuanians 17 elements.

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The Lithuanians started the battle by a charge on the

right flank that broke through the infantry and was only halted by the knights behind.
The Teutons reinforced this left flank and broke formation, chasing the Lithuanians
into the swamps beyond. In the centre the Teutons held, but their right flank was
driven back past the village ofLodwigowo. The Teutons continued to reinforce their
left flank, attempting to tum the Polish flank, but they were outnumbered and became
surrounded by the Polish reserve. Soon the Teutons were reduced to two small
surrounded groups, from which few escaped.

Page- 34

AGINCOURT 1415 AD
HUNDRED YEARS WAR
Herny V's incursion into France had started badly with the siege of Harfleur, which
lasted too long and inflicted too many casualties on the English army. Henry's planned
march on Paris was now impossible, so he embarked on a dash to Calais. The French,
with a considerable army, shadowed him and prevented him from crossing the river
Somme. The English, now weary and with little food, finally crossed the river at Nesle,
only to be confronted by the French army.

ARMJES
100 YEARS WAR ENGLISH

MEDJEVAL FRENCH

Approximately 7,500 men

10 Longbow R(S),3 Blade R(S),
1 General+ 1 Kn R(S)

Approximately 15,000 men

14 Knights I(S), 20 Blade I(S),
6 xBowR(O)
1 General Kn I(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men.

DEPLOYMENT: The English deploy first and the French move first. Regard the
woods as impenetrable and the stakes as bad going.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The English must destroy 13 elements and the French 4
elements.

l<nrots

FRENCH

=:;;;;;miiiiiiiiiiiill

Cl

blade

77 inches

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: The battle started with the English advancing to the
French and placing stakes. The French knights of the first Battle charged, only to be
slaughtered and this helped disorganise their advancing foot. The mass missile fire of
the English, channelled the French into the gaps between the stakes, exposing their
flanks to the archers. In half and hour the entire French first Battle had been wiped out
and the second Battle was disorganised. At this point the French withdrew.

WAKEFIELD 1460 AD
WARS OF THE ROSES
The Duke of York had gone to Sandal Castle in Yorkshire to extinguish the final
support for the Lancastrians and Queen Margaret. However the Lancastrians had
already weighed up the situation and knew that Sandal was not provisioned for such an
army as the Duke's and so he would be eager to attack the Lancastrians.
ARMIES
YORKIST
Approximately 8,000 men
7 Knights R(I), 8 Blade I(O),
7 Longbow I(O), 5 Amcilia I(O).
3 Psiloi I(I),
1 General Kn R(O)

LANCASTRIANS
Approximately 10,000 men
9 Knights R(I), 9 Blade I(O),
9 Longbow I(O), 6 Auxilial(X),
3 Psiloi I(O),
1 General +2 Kn R(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 375 men; Loose = 250 men; Open= 125 men.
DEPLOYMENT: Divide the Lancastrian force into roughly three equal parts with the
centre being the largest. Deploy the Lancastrians first, then the Yorkists. York moves
first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 10 elements and the
Yorkist 12 elements.

loose & light troops

.........
knights

II I I I I I I I I I I II!::]
blade

knights

YORKISTS

r------

53 inches

---------....__i

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The small Lancastrian force in the centre deployed

before Sandal Castle to lure York into attacking them. When he did so, the
Lancastrians fell back until the Yorkists were firmly trapped by the Lancastrian flank
forces. 111e Yorkists were totally surprised and the battle lasted only half an hour.

NORTHAMPTON 1460 AD
WARS OF THE ROSES
For a brief period, it appeared that the wars were over and Henry was to be King.
However, Margaret's hatred ofWarwick soon rekindled the fires of war, as she
attempted to stamp out all ex-Yorkist supporters. In this new war, Warwick, in the
name of a disinterested York, found himself in control of London after a brief exile.
The Lancastrians moved from the Midlands with the intent of smashing this growing
threat.

ARMIES
YORKIST

LANCASTRIAN

Approximately 7,000 men

8 KnightsR(I),10 Bladel(O),
5 Longbow I(I), 5 Auxilia I(O),
4 Psiloi R(S),
2 Generals. Kn R(O)

Approximately 5,000 men

10 Blade I(I), 5 Longbow I(I),
4 Auxilia I(), 2 Psiloi R(S),
3 Generals (2 @-1) Kn R(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrians deploy first and the Yorkists move first. Divide
the Lancastrian force into three equal Battles making Grey's the smallest. +2 to dice for
the river N ene.
VICTORY CONDIDONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 10 elements and the
Y orkists 7 elements.

1
30
irches

_l_ _ _ _ __
~
,...._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

59 Inche?s - - - - - - - - - -

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Lancastrians anived at Northampton in advance of

the Y orkists and rather than fight in the town, formed a defensive camp in a bend in the
river Nene. The Yorkists advanced against this static defence and after an initial
reverse, mounted a massive attack on one part of the line - Lord Grey's Battle. This
group was driven back ( or retreated, some claimed treachery) and Henry's defence
became his coffin. Some tried to flee across the Nene, but most of the Lancastrians
surrendered.

TOWTON 1461 AD
WARS OF THE ROSES
The Lancastrian victories of St Albans and Northampton brought the Y orkist cause to
the point of defeat. Queen Margaret did not lead her Northern army against London,
but instead returned North to face a newly recruited Lancastrian army.

ARMIES
YORKISTS

LANCASTRIAN

Approximately 27,250 men

22 Longbowl(O) 30 BladeR(O),
10 Psiloi R(S),
2 Generals. Kn R(S)

Approximately 30,000 men

27Longbow1(1), 33 Blade 1(1),
12 Psiloi R (S),
1 General. Kn R(O)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 750 men; Loose= 500 men; Open= 250 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrians deploy first and the Yorkists move first. The bill
is flat topped.

VICTORY CONDITIONS: TheYorkists must destroy 24 elements and the

Lancastrians 20 elements.

W_.LI

blade
11111111111111111

EOWARd
YORKISTS

~-----------------:7::-:7::-.,-in-c'."""he_s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The combatants fought with cold hate in their hearts
and a snow blizzard in their faces. The Yorkists won the initial missile exchange and
engaged in a bloody hand to hand struggle. Norfolk turned the Lancastrian flank and
the Lancastrians were slowly clriven back into the river Cock. Before the battle started
the command" No Quarter" had been given and none was shown to the Lancastrians.

Page - 38

MORTIMER'S CROSS 1461 AD

WARS OF THE ROSES
When the Duke ofYork died at Wakefield, his successor, Edward, Earl of March, was
in Shrewsbury, waiting for the Earl of Pembroke to move out of Wales. Edward
realised that the Lancastrians would quickly march on London, so he headed in that
direction. As he reacher Hereford, he learned that Pembroke had moved out of Wales
and was headed towards the Midlands. There, he would join the other Lancastrian
forces. Edward turned round and blocked his path at Mortimer's Cross.

ARMIES
EDWARD IV YORKIST
Approximately 8,000
9 KnightsR(I), 12 BladeI(I),
6 Longbow!(!), 6 Auxilia I(O),
2 Psiloi R(S),
2 Generals Kn R(S)

PEMBROKE LANCASTRIAN
Approximately 6,000 men
7 KnightsR(I), 9 BladeI(I),
4 Longbow I(O), 4 Auxilia I(X),
3 Psiloi R(S),
3 Generals ( 2 @-1) Kn R(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close = 300 men; Loose = 200 men; Open = 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Yorkists deploy first and the Lancastrians move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 11 elements and the
Y orkists 9 elements.

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: Edward allowed Pembroke to cross the bridge and

deploy on the marshy ground beyond. Pembroke had sent both his flank Battles to find
crossings over the river Lugg, in order to outflank the Yorkists. Before these could
get into position, Edward advanced and crushed Pembroke's Battle in the centre.

BARNET 1471 AD
WARS OF THE ROSES
Edward IV returned to Yorkshire from his exile on the continent in 1471, after been
forced to flee the country when his two supporters Warwick the "Kingmaker" and the
Duke of Clarence changed their allegiance for a more pliable Royal. Edward
determined revenge and marched swiftly on London. Clarence, on facing Edward,
changed sides again. Warwick set out to attack them. When Edward learned of
Warwick's approach, with a huge army, he set out to meet his former ally. The two
armies met at Barnet.

EDWARD IV YORKIST
Approximately 10,000 men
20 Blade I(I), 10 Longbow I(O),
8 Amcilia I(O), 4 Psiloi R(S),
3 Generals Kn R(S)

ARMIES
EARL OF WARWICK LANCASTRIAN
Approximately 15,000 men
30 Blade I(I), 15 Longbow I(O),
12 Auxilia I(O), 6 Psiloi R(S),
3 Generals (2 @-1) kn R(S)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYI\'IENT: The Lancastrians deploy and move first.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Yorkists must destroy 19 elements and the
Lancastrians 14 elements.

LANCASTRIANS
blade OXFORD
Ill II 1111 II II I I II ....,..........,.......,........,......,. ;'::::~~~~
longb9w auxilia &
psf101

68 INCHES ---------~~

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Battle opened with Oxford, breaking Hasting's

troops and pursuing them back to Barnet. Edward advanced, but closed with
Gloucester to attack the centre/right of the Lancastrian line. Montagu should have
outflanked Edward's exposed left flank, but Oxford's returning troops caused confusion
on that flank and actually fought each other by mistake. Edward pressed forward and
the Lancastrians came to the incline to their rear known as "dead man's bottom" where
the Lancastrians were slaughtered. Warwick was killed trying to escape.

Parre - 40

TEWKESBURY 1471 AD ,
WARS OF THE ROSES
Queen Margaret landed at Weymouth to support Warwick, only to find that he and his
Lancastrian army had just been wiped out at the battle of Barnet. This fortunately gave
her breathing space to form an army and march North to the Lancastrian strongholds in
Wales and the North. Edward blocked her cro_ssing of the Severn at Gloucester.
Margaret could not stop to besiege Gloucester because Edward's army was close
behind, so she moved up the Severn to Tewkesbury. There Edward caught up with
her.
ARMIES
LANCASTRIANS
Approximately 7,000 men
7 Knights R(I), 9 Blades l(I)
7Longbow1(0), 6Amcilia1(0),
3 Psiloi R(X),
1 General. Kn R(O)

YORKISTS
Approximately 9,000 men
1O Knights R(I), 12 Blade 1(1),
7 Amcilia l(X), 7Longbow1(0),
7 Psiloi l(S),
2 Generals. Kn R( 0)

FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men: Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrians deploy and move first.
VICTORY CONDIDONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 14 elements and the
Y orkists 10 elements.

EDWARD IV

~KN!GHf

r---- -------

HASTINGS

YORKISTS

57 inches---------

HISTORICAL OUTCOME: The Lancastrians took up a defensive pose on Gaston's

Ridge outside Tewkesbury, by the Abbey. The Battle started with Somerset trying to
manoeuvre some troops around the left flank of Gloucester, but this was stopped and
driven back by Gloucester's flank guard. Gloucester advanced against Somerset, and,
as he drove him back, Gloucester's flank guard became a fl~ attack. With Somerset

BOSWORTH FIELD 1485 AD

WARS OF THE ROSES
Richard ill came to power after disposing of his guardianship of Edward IV (infant
successor), by disposing of the infant. Richard's enemies soon persuaded Henry Tudor,
(at this time in France) to return and rekindle the Lancastrian cause. After Remy's
landing, Richard quickly gathered his army to defend against this new threat. On the
face ofit, Richard's troops outnumbered Remy's and Richard was a better soldier, but
this battle was to be decided by loyalty and betrayal.

ARMIES
HENRY TUDOR LANCASTRIAN

RICHARD ill YORKIST

Approximately 15,000 men
12 Knights R(I), 14Blade1(1),
7 Auxilia I(O), 7 Longbow I(O),
4 Psiloi R(S),
3 Generals ( 2 @-1) Kn R(O)

. Approximately 7,000 men

8 Knights R(I), 10 Blade l(I),
5 Longbowl(O), 5 Auxilial(X),
4 PsiloiR(S),
2 Generals Kn R(S)
LORD STANLEY 3,000 men
3 Knights R(I), 4 Blade R(O), 3 Longbow R(S),
3 Auxilia I(X), 1 General Kn R(O).
FIGURE SCALE: Close= 300 men; Loose= 200 men; Open= 100 men.
DEPLOYMENT: The Lancastrian and Stanley deploy first and the Yorkists move
first.
EXTRA RULES: Northumberland only moves on a ld6 per turn, needing a 6.
Stanley: each tum dice ld6. 5 or 6 attacks the Yorkists. +4 to Yorkist victory
conditions.
VICTORY CONDITIONS: The Lancastrians must destroy 14 elements and the
Y orkists 10 elements.

\.OW Hll..

LANCASIDIANS

ClJXl.,iQ

lillLl!!::Jllllblode

lorqlx7N

~
~

ps101

OXFCRD knights

HENRY

/(----LO

Inches----~

IDSTORICAL OUTCOME: As can be seen, Stanley was uncommitted. Richard

held his eldest son hostage, but he supported Henry. Northumberland did not want be
too close to the fighting if Richard lost, so he dragged his feet about joining in.
Norfolk started the battle by attacking down the hill into Oxford. Richard hoping for a
quick victory before Stanley made up his mind, attacked Henry's Battle, but became
bogged down in marshy ground and was killed as his army fled from an attack on its
rear by Stanley.

Page- 42

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
VICTORY CONDITIONS
Tue victory conditions are based on a third of the army (fractions rounded down) being
destroyed. In some cases this would mean if you destroyed all the opponents light
troops you would win, that is clearly ludicrous. So in order to allow for this count all
Psiloi and light horse as only equal to 1/2 a victory point per element.
DEPLOYMENT
Tue maps in this book are all drawn to scale so a block of troops on the map have the
required frontage and so you should deploy to that frontage even if it means deploying
in a single rank as opposed to a double rank that might give you a combat advantage.
TERRAIN
On the battle maps areas marked as rough, marshy,swamp,woods and steep hills all
count as bad going. Low hills give a combat advantage only. All rivers unless it states
that they are impassable must be for.
FIGURE SCALE
The figure scale varies considerably throughout this book as battles from this period
ranged from a few thousand to fifty thousand a side.
COMMAND DICE
If your rules use command dice I suggest that each general should add plus one to the
dice score unless I have indicated that the general is minus one. For example this would
mean that an army with two generals would have a minimum score of3 and a
maximum of 8 ( using a six sided dice ). If one of the generals was a minus one then a
minimum score of2 and a maximum of7 would result.
DBM TROOP DEFINITIONS
For reasons of space I have reduced Regular and Irregular to R and I.
Under DBM use its victory points system and all other rules as normal.

Page- 43